4 Special Relationships

"R e a d ' w c )
A Read the Exam R em in d er. W h a t can h elp
you identify th e m ean in g o f n e w w o rd s?
E xam R em inder
W orrying about new words
• D o n 't w o rry w hen you fin d new w ords in a te x t. You d o n 't
need to understand every w o rd to be able to answ er questions.
• R em em ber to look a t th e w ords around a new w o rd to help you
understand th e m eaning.

В Now com plete th e E xam Task.

[Animal bravery
pets have shown astonishing courage in dangerous situations and have saved the lives of
owners. Here, we tell you about four am azing animals.
Selvakumar, India С Gepetto, Canada
Selvakum ar looks like W inter in C anada is difficult. Early
every oth er dog in the one D ecem ber m orning in 2009,
south Indian village Phyllis Sjogren w oke up feeling very
w here h e lives. An cold. She turned th e heating up and
obedient fam ily pet, he w en t back to bed. Phyllis noticed
plays w ith th e children, sh e had a strong headach e, but ju st
sleeps w ith th e fam ily ignored it. Later th a t m orning, she
and goes with seven-year-old Dinakaran to and from w as w oken up by h er cat, Gepetto.
hool.The events of D ecem ber 2 6 ,2 0 0 4 , however, proved
By now, Phyllis felt dizzy and had trouble walking. She
that Selvakumar isn’t ju st an ordinary dog. T hat w as the
com forted Gepetto because h e seem ed upset, and then
day a huge tsunami hit the co a st around the Indian Ocean,
called h er husband to tell him w h at w as happening.
:luding the village w here Selvakum ar and his ow ners
Realising w h at th e problem w as, M artin Sjogren told his
~"ed. Most of the family had m anaged to run aw ay from the
wife to leave th e h ouse im m ediately. So w h at w as the
Jter, but Dinakaran w ent to th e fam ily’s hut, w hich w as
problem ? Their h om e had filled w ith carbon m onoxide gas
ly metres from the seashore. Selvakum ar ran into th e hut
overnight, w hich can n ot be seen nor sm elt, but can cause
er the boy. Pushing with his teeth, he m an aged to get the
death. Gepetto had saved Phyllis’s life.
boy up the hill and saved his life.
LuLu, USA
В Lulu, Australia
On a h ot August day, Jo Ann Altsm an had a h eart attack
ilu, the pet kangaroo, w as rescued
in the bedroom of h er holiday hom e. After she collapsed,
by the Richards family after her
h er dog began to bark loudly, but no one heard him. Then
ether had been killed by a car. Lulu
LuLu, h er lovely pot-bellied pig, took control of the situation.
ned the favour one day w hen
Pushing herself through a sm all doggie door, w here she cut
she helped save the life of h er owner,
h er stom ach, LuLu w aited by the road until a car approached.
^4ralian farmer, Len Richards.
Then, she walked onto the road and lay down in front of the
ling a storm, a falling tree knocked
car. The driver stopped and got out. LuLu led the m an to the
Lenunconscious. Lulu quickly hopped
house, w here he called
.me and made a noise so Len’s wife,
an am bulance so that
n, would hear her. She looked for
Jo Ann w as saved. Many
her husband and found him in a field. 5P —
people believe th at pigs
‘azingly, it appeared th at Lulu had
are m ore intelligent than
med Len onto his side w hen he began being sick, w hich
dogs and Jo Ann m ost
A saved him from choking. Due to h er bravery, Lulu w as
certainly agrees!
lie first kangaroo to receive an anim al bravery award.

Exam Task
,0k at the sentences b e lo w a b o u t brave anim als. Read th e te x t to d e c id e if each sentence is co rre ct or
rrect. W rite T (True) o r F (False).

1 Selvakumar looks d iffe re n t from th e o th e r d o g s in his village. □

( 7 You can sm ell carbon m onoxide. □
2 Selvakumar's fam ily have a h u t on th e beach. □ 8 □
3 Selvakumar pushed Dinakaran to safety.
4 Len's m other was run over by a car.
□ 9 The d riv e r fo llo w e d LuLu to th e house.
10
□
□
5 Phyllis was w orried a b o u t her headache. □
6 Martin knew there was carbon m o n o x id e in th e house. □

Special Relationships Л 21
 A C o m p le te th e sen ten ces w ith on, w ith , o f o r to.

1 W hen you have a pro b le m , d o n 't w orry. C on ce ntra te ___________ fin d in g a solution.
I ca n 't believe C h a rlo tte is in lo v e __________________ M ike. I th o u g h t she d id n 't even like him.
Dan is q u ite s im ila r ___________________ his dad. They are b o th slim and have brow n hair.
I b o u g h t a kitte n w ith o u t asking m y parents and now m y m um is a n g r y ---------------------------------me.
M y m um d o e s n 't m ind leaving o u r d o g , b u t m y dad d o e s n 't a g re e ------------------------ her, so w e always take him
on holiday.
M y sister is n o t very k e e n ____________________chocolate; she prefers fru it.
Jam es is really je a lo u s ___________________ Sophie because she is very in te llig e n t.
If you have a pro b le m , you can rely y o u r frie n d to help you.

В C o m p le te th e t e x t w ith th e s e w o rd s.

belong concentrate listen proud rely similar

The first day o f school

The firs t day o f school can be a very d iffic u lt tim e fo r teenagers. T here are so m any new
things: new teachers, new frie n d s and m aybe even a new school. There are fears a b o u t
m aking friends. W ill you fin d frie n d s you are ( 1 ) ___________________ to ? W ill th e re be
p e o p le you can ( 2 ) ___________________ on if you need help w ith som ething? B ut d o n 't
w o rry to o m uch. Be y o u rse lf and yo u r parents w ill be ( 3 ) ---------------------------------o f you.
D o n 't becom e friends w ith p e o p le you d o n 't like ju s t because you w a n t to
( 4 ) ___________________ to a gro u p .
D o n 't fo rg e t to (5 ) ___________________ to th e teachers. They are g iv in g you im p o rta n t
in fo rm a tio n and it is im p o rta n t to ( 6 ) ____________________on w h a t th e y say.
Finally, relax and enjoy yo u r firs t day!

Relative Clauses: defining & non-defining

A C hoose th e co rre c t answ ers.

1 A nnie som etim es feeds th e c a ts live in her That's th e youth club _ all th e teenagers go
n e ig hb o u rh o o d . a fte r school.
a w here b w hose с th a t a w ho b th a t с where

2 Is th a t th e s tu d e n t essay w on th e c o m p e titio n ? I'm lo o kin g fo rw a rd to th e day _ 1g o to university.

a w hich b w hose с th a t a w hen b w here с which j

3I th in k p e o p le have pets have h a p p ie r lives! T h e ir u n c le , cat ran away, is very upset.

a w hich b w ho с w hen a w ho b th a t с whose

В Tick ( / ) th e sen ten ces th a t are c o rre c t. R e w rite th e in c o rre c t sen ten ces.

1 That's th e man w ho b u ilt ou r new house in th e countryside. -------------------------

2 The bus w here goes to th e s tation w ill be here soon.
3 M y frie n d , w h o m o th e r is a d o cto r, is very g o o d a t b iology. -------------------------
4 A stadium is a place w hich p e o p le play sports.
5 The b rid g e , w here w e cross th e river, is n 't far fro m here.
6 W in te r is th e tim e o f year w here w e d o n 't g o o u t a lot.
7 Jenny, w ho lives next door, is very nice.
8 The cafe, w hen is on th e corner, is p o p u la r w ith teens.

22 A . Special Relationships
L is + e r iiv i^ E xam
Listening for similar words
A Read the Exam R em in d er. Should you read th e q u estio n s • R em em ber th a t you w o n 't hear th e same
or listen first? w ords th a t you read in th e questions.
• Listen fo r sim ilar w ords th a t describe how
p e o p le th in k and feel.
В 41 Listen and c o m p le te th e E xam Task. • Before you listen, try to th in k o f sim ilar
w o rd s to those on th e exam question.
Exam Task
Look at the six s e n te n ce s fo r th is p a rt. You w ill h e a r a c o n v e rs a tio n b e tw e e n a g irl, K ate, an d a boy,
Charlie, ab o u t Kate's tim e a t u n iv e rs ity . D e c id e if each s e n te n c e is c o rr e c t o r in c o rre c t. W rite T (True)
or F (False).

1 In her first year, Kate spent all her tim e studying a t hom e o r in th e library. □
2 Kate chose to study tw o subjects a t university; history and art. □
3 Kate's old school friends had started d o in g lots o f new activities at th e ir universities. □
i 4 Her decision to live w ith o th e r students to o k a lo t o f courage. □
□
□
5 She found o u t th a t she and th e o th e r students d id n 't share any interests.
6 Kate has now started d o in q som e new active hobbies.

Lisa really looks

I really enjoy w o rking w ith Penny on th e p ro je ct. W e g e t
Have you heard th e news? Brad broke
г
A Match the first p arts o f th e sen ten ces 1 - 6 to th e second p a rts
The girls from school like hanging
□
5 James had a big arg u m e nt w ith his best frie n d , b u t th e y m ade
□
6 I don't like Stacey any m ore. She always puts
□
□
a up with Elena last n ig h t and she's really upset,
□
b me down and it makes m e really upset,
с up the next day.
□
d up to her big sister. She w o u ld like to be like her w hen she is older,
e out at the park a t th e w eekend,
f on so well and never argue.

В Replace th e u n d e rlin e d w o rd s w ith th e s e phrasal verb s in th e c o rre c t fo rm .

ask someone out break up with get on hang out

let someone down look up to make up put someone down

1 We had an argum ent, b u t th e n w e forg a ve each o th e r.

2 The students have a lo t o f respect fo r th e ir head teacher.
3 I like spending tim e w ith m y friends d u rin g breaks a t school.
4 I'm so sorry th a t I d is a p p o in te d y o u .
5 Harry's to o shy to invite M ary on a d a te .
6 Sara has decided to s to p be in g Tom's g irlfrie n d so she has m ore tim e to study.
7 I hope I can be friends w ith th e p e o p le in m y new school.
8 A teacher m ust never m ake pupils feel s tu p id .

Special Relationships
 Temporals

C ho o se th e se n te n c e (a o r b) w hich m ean s th e sam e as th e firs t se n te n c e .

1 The fans w ill leave as soon as th e co n c e rt finishes,
a The fans w ill leave and th e n th e c o n ce rt
w ill finish.
b The c o n ce rt w ill finish and th e n th e fans
w ill leave.
2 W hen I g o to high school, I'll m ake new friends,
a I w ill m ake new frie n d s and th e n g o to
high school,
b I w ill g o to high school and th e n m ake
new friends.
3 Let's stay until th e film ends.
a The film w ill end and th e n w e w ill g o hom e,
b W e w ill g o hom e and then th e film w ill end.
4 M ake sure you have enough m oney b efore you
g o out.
a G o o u t and th e n check yo u r purse,
b C heck yo u r purse and th e n g o out.
He fell in love th e m o m e n t he saw her.
a He saw her and then he fell in love,
b He fe ll in love and th e n he saw her.
By th e tim e you g e t m y letter, I w ill be in France,
a I w ill go to France and then you w ill g e t my lette
b You w ill g e t m y le tte r and th e n I w ill go
to France.

В C o m p le te th e t e x t w ith th e s e w o rd s.

as soon before the moment until

The zebra and th e oxpecker bird

A sym biotic relationship is a relationship b e tw e e n tw o living th in g s o f d iffe re n t species
w hich help each other. O ne exam ple o f a sy m b io tic relatio n sh ip is th e o xp e cke r bird
and th e zebra. O xpeckers sit on zebras lo o k in g fo r insects. ( 1 ) -------------------------- as they
fin d som e, th e y e a t th e m . In this way, th e oxpeckers g e t fo o d and th e zebras g e t rid o f
annoying pests! Also, ( 2 ) ________________th e re is danger, th e oxpeckers fly away w hile
m aking a very loud noise, w hich helps th e zebra s p o t th e p ro b le m ( 3 ) --------------------------
it gets to o serious. Then th e oxpeckers stay away ( 4 ) ________________ th e d a n g e r
passes. It's a relationship th a t benefits b o th anim als!

Use 40мг lisln

A C ho o se th e co rre c t answ ers.

W hen friendships end

M o st friendships slow ly com e to an end over tim e . O th e r friendships, how ever, end very suddenly.
Som etim es a frie n d m ig h t end yo u r relationship w ith o u t te llin g you why.
W hen a friendship ends, try to w o rk o u t w hy it has ended. M aybe you d id th in g s ( 1 ) ----------------------
annoyed yo u r frie n d . Perhaps yo u r frie n d fe lt you ( 2 ) ________________th e m d o w n o r th a t th e y
c o u ld n 't rely ( 3 ) ________________ you w hen th e y needed help.
W h a te ve r th e reasons fo r th e split, d o n 't be (4) w ith th e m . You never know - there
m ay com e a tim e in th e fu tu re (5) you and y o u r frie n d m ake (6 )
and you d o n 't w a n t to say anything now (7) __________ you m ig h t re g re t later.

1 a w ho b w here с th a t d w hen
2 a m ade b let с broke d looked
3 a w ith b on с fo r d to
4 a jealous b angry с asham ed d pro u d
5 a th a t b w hen с w hich d w here
6 a up b w ith с fo r d to
7 a w hose b w hen с w ho d w hich

24 ^ Special Relationships