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Introduction: pure monopoly is market structure in which a single firm is the sole

producer of a product for which there are no close substitutes. Since the monopolist is
the only seller in the market, it has neither rivals nor direct competitors, thus the seller
of the commodity has full control over its price.

Definition:
Acc to koutsoyiannis:
“Monopoly is a market situation in which there is a single seller, there is no close
substitutes for commodity its produces, and there are barriers to entry”

Features:
1. One seller and large number of buyers: under monopoly there should be a single
producer of the commodity.He may be a sole-proprietor or there may be a group
of partners or a joint stock company or a state. But the buyers of the product are
in large number.
2. Monopoly also an industry: no difference between the study of a firm and
industry.
3. Restrictions on the entry of the new firms: under monopoly, some barriers on the
entry of new firms into monopoly industry. These barriers may take several
forms as patent rights, government laws, and economies of scale.
4. No Close substitutes: the commodity produced by the firm should have no close
substitute, otherwise monopolist will not be able to determine the price of the
commodity as per his discretion.

Characteristics:
1. Monopolist only price maker: a price maker is one who has got control over the
supply of the product. A monopolist has full control over the supply of the
commodity. Hence the buyers have to pay the same price as fixed by the
monopolist .In case, the monopolist increase the supply of the commodity, the
price of it may fall. If he reduces the supply .the price of it may rise.
2. Price discrimination: a monopolist may be able to charge different charges for the
same product from different customers.
3 Absence of supply curve: the monopolist does not have a supply curve
independent of demand. The monopolist simultaneously examines demand &
cost when deciding how much to produce & what to charge.
Introduction
Haryana State Electricity Board was established to distribute the electricity across the
Haryana. The south region of Haryana state was handled by Dakshin Haryana Bijli
Vitran
Nigam (DHBVN). Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam (UHBVN) undertakes in the
Northern
Parts of Haryana. These Nigams handle three primary functions:
i) Distribution of Electricity
ii) Commercials
iii) Rural Electrification
One Mission of the Electricity Board was to realize inherent potential in new
technology, particularly information technology, for improving efficiency, accounting,
and information level to cater consumer satisfaction. Following initiatives are taken in
this direction:
Development of IT within the organization
 lesser paper office
 Connectivity of workforce to Internet and encouraging usage of I.T. tools right
Down to their home level also.

To accomplish the mission, the first step taken was to develop MIS on Personal
Information System (PIS) and Payroll Management System (PMS). Electricity Board
Desired MIS to eliminate the prevailing manual system of processes followed in the
Organization, where the chances for human error are substantial. The amount of paper
Work done was voluminous to be handled with the help of current number of available
staff who consequently plays multiple roles.

With a view to reduce the chances of errors and providing the staff with an efficient
System, management have embarked on a trail-blazing approach to automate the above
System to the level that minimizes human intervention and maximizes end-user
satisfaction and efficiency of their staff.

Electricity Board has approached CDAC Noida, for the computerization their HR
Department. CDAC Noida has agreed for the Personal Information System (PIS) and
Payroll Management System (PMS) for development and implement in DHBVN and
UHBVN was received.

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