1)Material properties and depth of foundation

H2=2.00m
Y=18.00kN/sq.m
Y rock=24.00kN/sq.m
Traffic load=18.00kN/sq.m

H2=2.00m
fck=20Mpa
fy=500Mpa

H1=3.30m
H=3.60m
SBC=350kN/sq.m
Angle of internal friction=30
ka=0.33
µ=0.50
Mimimum depth of foundation 1.600m

B=1.9m
ymin= 1.617m
Provide the depth (y)= 1.600m
H1= 3.300m
Total Height of retaining wall= H=3.60m

2)Preliminary diemensions of Retaining wall

B= 1.73m to 2.02m
B= 1.9m
Toe Projection = 0.562m
Length of heel= 1.010m
Thickness of base slab= 0.30m Cover = 50.00mm
Provide thickness of base slab= 0.30m
Thickness of stem at top= 0.23m
Thickness of Stem at bottom= 0.30m
Effective depth of Steem at bottom= 0.26m Cover = 40.00mm

Check for stability

lever arm Moment(kN.m)
Weight of back fill= 60.02kN 1.367m 82.032 kN.m
Rectangular portion of stem= 18.98kN 0.75m 14.167 kN.m
Tiangular Portion= 2.89kN 0.585m 1.689 kN.m
Base slab= 14.04kN 0.936m 13.141 kN.m
Traffic load = 18.19kN 1.367m 24.858 kN.m
Total Weignt= 114.11kN Sum of moment= 135.888 kN.m

Horizontal pressure=

38.841kN

Overturning moment=

46.609kN
As per IS 456-2000 clause No. 20.1, Factor of Safty for over turning is

2.624 > 1.4 Hence O.K

1.322 < 1.4 Hence Shear key is to be provided

3)Pressure Under Base Slab
Net moment about toe = 𝑀𝑠 − 𝑀𝑜
=89.278 kN.m

x =0.782m
Ecentricity (e) =0.154m

Therefore Maximum Pressure

90.96Mpa < Hence Safe

30.95Mpa > 1 Hence Safe

4)Design of Stem
Stem acts as cantilever subjected to uniformly varying load

Maximun moment at base of cantilever

M = 35.87kN.m

Mu = 53.80kN.m
Depth required for limithing moment

d req=142.21mm Hence Provided depth is under reinforced section

dpro=260.00mm
D=300mm
Area of steel Required for vertical reinforcement

Ast req=499.94sqmm

Using 10 mm rebar @157.100mm c/c

Provide ver. steel 10 mm rebar @150mm c/c

Distribution sreel
Average thickness = 265.00 mm

Ast= 318sq.mm
Ast on each face = 159sq.mm
Using 8 mm rebar @316.135 mm c/c

Provide hori. steel 8 mm rebar @ 175mm c/c

 Check for shear
= 38.841kN

58.26 kN

0.224Mpa

Percentage of steel (p%) = 0.20%

0.33Mpa > No shear reinforcement is required

5) Design of Toe Slab 59.41kN/m

30.95Mpa

90.96Mpa

Pressure diagram under the base slab varries from 90.96Mpa to30.95Mpa as shown in above figure

Pressure at face of toe i.e at (a) = 72.958 Mpa

Pressure at face of heel i.e. at (b) = 80.04Mpa
Moment at face of toe = M= 13.396kN.m

Factored moment at face of toe = Mu=20.094kN

Depth required for limithing moment

d req=86.92mm Hence provided is under reinforced section

d pro=250mm

Area of main steel required

Ast req= 188.42sq.mm

Ast min= 300.00 sq.mm Provide minimum reinforcement

Using 8 mm rebar @167.55mm c/c

Provide 8 mm rebar @150 mm c/c in both direction
6) Design of Heel Slab
Its width is 1.9m.Pressure from 30.95Mpa on outter edge to 80.04Mpa at face of heel

Maximum bending moment = 6.184kN.m

Factored max. bending moment = 9.277kN.m

Depth required for limithing moment

d req=59.05mm Hence provided is under reinforced section

d pro=250mm

Area of main steel required

Ast req= 86.09sq.mm

Ast min= 300.00 sq.mm Provide minimum reinforcement

Using 8 mm rebar @168 mm c/c

Provide 8 mm rebar @150 mm c/c in both direction

7) Design of shear key

Pressure at face of shear key = 72.958 Mpa
Coefficient pf passive earth pressure

Kp = 3.0

If 'a' is the projection of shear key, resistance offered by passive earth pressure

= 219.09a

Factor of safty against sliding 0.9µ∑𝑊 + 219.09a =1.40

𝐹2 =
𝑃𝐻

a= 0.0138m

Provide 200mm deep shear key