BASIC ELECTRONICS

Project Proposal

WATER LEVEL
INDICATOR

Group Members:

Raja Ahmed
Abdul Momin
Waseem Ahmed
Abid Qadir

Sir Asif Khan

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We want to thank "Almighty Allah" for giving us the ability to complete our project. We want to
express our deepest gratitude and appreciation to our respected instructor “SIR ASIF KHAN” for
his continuous effort to guide us through our research. We want to thank SMIU (Sindh
Madarssetul Islam University) / computer science department for giving us the right environment
to complete our study. Special thanks to our families and our friends for their love and support
for us.

OBJECTIVE

Nowadays everybody has overhead tank at their homes. But everyone who has a water tank
above knows the kind of problems that they face. Firstly, there is no system to track the water in
the tank. Then there comes a secondary problem that is when their water pump is started, they
have no idea when it gets filled up and sometimes there are situation where pump keeps
on pumping water to the tank and the water starts spilling out from the tank. There is wastage of
energy as well as wastage of water.

COMPONENTS

4-bc548
6-220 ohm resistors
3-colour led
1-buzzer
1-9v battery + battery clip

PROJECT FEATURES
 Easy installation
 Low maintenance
 Compact elegant design
 The automatic water level controller ensures no overflows or dry running of pump there
by saves electricity and water
 Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks
 Fully automatic, saves main power
 Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation
  Automatic water level controller provides you the flexibility to decide to yourself the
water level for operations of pump set.
 Shows clear indication of the water level overhead tank.

WORKING

Here we are using transistor (of NPN type) as a Switch. Initially there is no voltage applied to
the base of the Transistor Q1 and the transistor is in OFF state and no current is flowing
through collector and emitter and LED is

When the water level reaches to Point A in the tank, the positive side of the battery gets
connected to the base of the Transistor Q1 through the water. So when a positive voltage has
been applied to the base of the Transistor Q1, it gets into ON state and current starts flowing
from collector to emitter. And RED LED glows.

Circuit Diagram
You can see resistors (R1, R2, R3) at the base of each transistor, which is used to limit the
maximum Base current. Generally, a transistor gets its ON state fully when a voltage of 0.7 V is
applied to the base. There are also resistors (R4, R5, R6) with each of the LEDs, to drop the
voltage across LEDs, otherwise LED may blow up.

Same phenomenon happens when water level reaches to Point B. As soon as water level
reaches to Point B, a positive voltage gets applied to the Transistor Q2, it gets ON and current
started flowing through YELLOW LED, and LED glows. With same principle, GREEN LED glow
when water level reaches to Point C. And finally, Buzzer beeps when water level reaches to D.

Note that Left most wire in the tank must be lengthier than other four wires in the tanks,
because this is the wire which is connected to positive voltage.

CONCLUSION

 Automatic Water level Controller can be used in Hotels, Factories, Homes Apartments,
Commercial Complexes, Drainage, etc.
 Automatic water level controller will automatically START the pump set as soon as the
water level falls below the predetermined level (usually 1/2 tank) and shall SWITCH OFF
the pump set as soon as tank is full.
 Fuel level indicator in vehicles.
 Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in the companies.