Lecture 6

Inception
Report
Rawa Khola Hydropower Project(3.5MW) Inception Report
ACRONYMS
ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials
amsl Above Mean Sea Level
B/C Benefit/Cost
BM Bench Mark
CAR Catchment Area Ratio
CBO Community Based Organization
CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
CFUGs Community Forestry User Group
DADO District Agriculture Development Office
DBH Diameter at Breast Height
DDC District Development Committee
DFO District Forest Office
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
DoED Department of Electricity Development
DoS Department of Survey
DTM Digital Terrain Model
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
EPR Environment Protection Rule
ERT Electrical Resistivity Tomography
FDC Flow Duration Curve
FDG Focus Group Discussion
FSL Full Supply Level
GoN Government of Nepal
GPS Global Positioning System
GWh Giga Watt hour
ha Hectares
HFL High Flood Level
HPP Hydro Power Project
HSC Hydrological Similar Catchments
IDC Interest During Construction
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
INPS Integrated Nepal Power System
INGO’s International Non-Governmental Organizations
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
JV Joint Venture
kV Kilo Volts
kVA Kilovolt Ampere
l/min Liter/minutes
m meter
m3/s Meter cube per second
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. i TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

RKHP Rawa Khola Hydropower Project

MoEn Ministry of Energy
MoSTE Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment
Mpa Mega Pascal
NGO’s Non-Governmental Organizations
MW Mega Watts
NEA Nepal Electricity Authority
PAFs Project Affected Families
PSD Particle size distribution
RoR Run-off-River
ToR Terms of Reference
SCF Standard Conversion Factor
VDC Village Development Committee
WECS Water and Energy Commission Secretariat
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. ii TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Feasibility Study of Rawa Khola Hydropower Project is awarded by Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd.,
hereinafter referred as a Client, for consulting services to the TAC Hydro Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. The Contract
Agreement was signed between the Client and Consultant on 3rd September, 2018 and the assignment has
become effective from the date of signing of contract agreement. The Consultant has to complete this job
within 12 weeks from the date of signing of contract. The main objective of this project is to conduct and
complete the Detail Feasibility Study of RKHP following Terms of Reference and to the satisfaction of the
Client.
Rawa Khola Hydroower Project (RKHP) is identified in Rawa Khola at Khotang district of Eastern
Development Region, Nepal. The proposed headworks of the project is located approx. 100m downstream of
Confluence of Rawa Khola and Lidim Khola in Sapteswar VDC at approximately 86°46’34” E longitude and
27°20’3.60” N latitude on the Left bank while as the Powerhouse area lies at right bank of Rawa Khola at
approx. 300m upstream of Rawa khola Small Hydroelectric Project 6.7MW Headworks in Marka VDC. The
approximate coordinate of Powerhouse 86°45’32.22” E longitude and 27°19’07.63” N latitude.
The Consultant has used available and applicable information by going through the previous reports, maps
and guidelines to accomplish the Project desk study. Field visit of the project site was carried out by key
professionals, i.e., Team Leader, Hydropower Engineer, Hydrologist, Geologist and Civil Engineers on
1st week of October, 2018. The team has gathered sufficient site information about general project layout and
possible alternatives, geology, hydrology and sedimentology of the project area. Present report is a collective
summary of Desk Study and preliminary analyses of field investigation and also contains field investigation
program and detail methodology to be carried out for completion of assignment of the project study.
This Rawa Khola Hydropower Project is a Run-of-River type Project. The available gross head is about 111
m and the design discharge for 40% of exceedance of flow, is taken as 10.741 m3/sec giving a total Installed
Capacity of 9.23 MW. This Design Discharge is taken after co-relating the discharge of this Catchment with
Dudhkoshi River. The headworks is proposed at approx. 50m downstream of confluence of Rawa Khola and
Lidim Khola. The alignment runs through the right bank of Rawa Khola. The Elevation of Headworks is 851m
amsl and the powerhouse of the project is proposed to be 740m amsl with Tailrace canal. To evacuate the
generated energy, it would be necessary to construct about 13 km long 33 kV transmission line and get
connected to NEA Buipa Sub-Station located at Buipa VDC.
The in-situ conditions of the sites were studied in order to ascertain the suitability of the sites for project
components. For determining the location of the components, governing factors such as geological and
hydraulic conditions, predictable guarantee for good performance, existing water rights, accessibility, safety
of structures etc. have been taken into consideration. Considering the present site conditions, the most suitable
project components are selected. The Consultant’s Team has made site verification in depth regarding the
technical suitability of the project.
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. iii TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT BASED OF

INCEPTION PHASE FINDINGS
PROJECT LOCATION
Location
Region : Eastern
Zone : Sagarmatha
District : Khotang
VDC : Makpa and Sapteshwar
VDC
Project Boundary
East : 86°47'00"E
West : 86°45'30"E
South : 27°18'54"N
North : 27°20'15"N
General
River : Rawa
Nearest Town : Khotang Bazzar
Type of Scheme : Run-of-River
Gross Head : 111 m
Rated Net Head : 105.45 m
Hydrology
Catchment Area : 170 km2
Design Discharge (Q40,Q60) : 10.741 m3/s ,5.397 m3/s
Design Flood (1 in 100-year Flood) : 781.644 m3/s
Power and Energy Calculations (Q40,Q60)

Installed Capacity (MW) : 9.23 MW ,4.95 MW
Total Energy : 50.63 GWh ,33.98 GWh
Dry Energy : 9.03 GWh ,10.63 GWh
Wet Energy : 41.61 GWh ,23.36 GWh
Dry Energy / Total Energy : 18% ,31%
Diversion Dam/Weir
Type : Gated Weir
Weir length : Approx. 40m
Weir Crest Elevation : 851m amsl
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. i TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

Water Conveyance System

Headrace : approx. 2500m long ,
Circular-Shaped of steel
pipe with finished dia
2.3m (Option A)
Penstock : approx. 500m long,

Ground surface of steel
pipe with dia 1.3m to 1.8m.
Surge Tank
Location : Right Bank,
Groundsurface
Powerhouse
Location : Surface powerhouse at
the Right bank of Rawa
River at an elevation of
740m
Power Evacuation
Transmission Line
: 13km long 33kV
transmission upto NEA
Buipa Sub-Station(Buipa
VDC)
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. ii TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

Table of Content
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT BASED OF INCEPTION PHASE FINDINGS I
1 INTRODUCTION 1
Background 1
Literature Review 1
2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY 2
Objective 2
Scope of Work 2
3 APPROACH FOR INCEPTION PHASE STUDY 3
Mobilization 3
Desk Study 3
Data Collection 3
Reconnaissance Visit 4
Inception Report 4
Site Selection 4
4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR DETAIL FEASIBILITY STUDY 4
General Approach 4
Field Survey and Investigation 7
Topographical survey and data base generation 7
Hydrology and Sediment Studies 9
4.4.1 Hydrological Analysis 9
4.4.2 Sediment Study 9
Engineering Geological Studies 9
4.5.1 Aerial Photo Interpretation 10
4.5.2 Regional Geological Mapping 10
4.5.3 Engineering Geological Mapping 10
4.5.4 Discontinuity Survey 11
Geotechnical/Geophysical Investigation 12
4.6.1 2D Electrical Resistivity Survey 12
4.6.2 Core Drilling 12
Project Layout 13
Optimization Study 13
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. iii TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

4.8.1 Optimization of Power Installed Capacity 13

4.8.2 Civil Engineering Design 14
4.8.3 HM and EM Components 15
4.8.4 Transmission Line System and Access Road 16
4.8.5 Power Evacuation 16
4.8.6 Construction Planning 16
4.8.7 Drawing 17
4.8.8 Cost Estimates, Economic Evaluation and Financial Analysis 17
5 REPORTING REQUIREMENT 19
Present Report 19
Reporting Requirement for Feasibility Study 19
5.2.1 Inception Report 19
5.2.2 Topographical Survey Reports 19
5.2.3 Interim/Progress Reports 19
5.2.4 Draft Detail Feasibility 19
5.2.5 Final Feasibility Study Reports 19
Content of Feasibility Report 20
6 INCEPTION STUDY 22
General 22
Findings of study 23
Field Visit 23
Project Description 23
6.4.1 Access 23
6.4.2 Topography 24
Hydrology 24
6.5.2 Meteorological Analysis 25
6.5.3 Flow Studies 32
Site Geological conditions 40
6.6.1 Regional Geology 40
6.6.2 Indo-gangetic Plain 41
6.6.3 Sub-Himalaya Zone (Siwalik) 41
6.6.4 Lesser Himalayan Zone 41
6.6.5 Higher Himalayan Zone 42
6.6.6 Tibetan-Tethys Zone 42
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Geology of Project Area 42

6.7.1 Headworks 43
6.7.2 Water way (Headrace Pipe Alignment) 43
6.7.3 Surge tank 44
6.7.4 Powerhouse 44
Project Planning Options 44
6.8.1 Option A 46
6.8.2 Option B 47
6.8.3 Cost Analysis 50
6.8.4 Transmission Line 50
6.8.5 Access Road 50
6.8.6 Camp Location 51
6.8.7 Alternative Selection 52
6.8.8 Power and Energy Calculation Table 52
6.8.9 Work Schedule for Field Investigation Works 52
7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 52
Conclusion 52
Recommendations 52
REFERENCE 53
ANNEXES
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. v TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

List of Tables
Table 6 I Detail access to project site from Kathmandu (By Road) .......................................................................... 24
Table 6 II Elevation range within the Rawa catchment ............................................................................................. 28
Table 6 III Hydrological stations in and around the project area. .............................................................................. 30
Table 6 IV Meteorological station in and around the project area............................................................................. 30
Table 6 V Comparison of Mean Monthly Flow......................................................................................................... 33
Table 6 VI Mean Monthly Flow from Modified Hydest. .......................................................................................... 34
Table 6 VII Discharge Measurement at 40% Exceedence (CAR-method)................................................................ 35
Table 6 VIII Discharge Measurement at 40% Excedence(HYDEST Method) ......................................................... 36
Table 6 IX Discharge Mesurement at 40% Exceedance(Modified Hydest) .............................................................. 36
Table 6 X Maximum Flow Discharge(CAR Method) ............................................................................................... 37
Table 6 XI Maximum Flow Discharge (Modified Hydest Method) .......................................................................... 38
Table 6 XII Flood Discharge from Gum-bell Distribution ........................................................................................ 38
Table 6 XIII Minimum Dischage Flow (CAR-Method) ............................................................................................ 39
Table 6 XIV Minimum Discharge Flow (Hydest Method) ........................................................................................ 39
Table 6 XV Minimum Discharge Flow (Modified Hydest)....................................................................................... 40
Table 6 XVI Minimum Discharge Flow (Modified Hydest) ..................................................................................... 40
Table 6 XVII Comparison of Different Options for RKHP....................................................................................... 49
Table 6 XVIII Comparison of Different Options for RKHP ..................................................................................... 49
List of Figures
Figure 6- 1 Project Location Map .............................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 6- 2 District Map and Catchment Area........................................................................................................... 22
Figure 6- 3 Access road from Hurlung to Rawa site.................................................................................................. 24
Figure 6- 4 Google map of the Rawa River at Rawa Khola HPP Intake ................................................................... 26
Figure 6- 5 Headpond of Catchment area .................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 6- 6 Elevation Range in the Rawa River basin. .............................................................................................. 27
Figure 6- 7 Elevation Range in the Rawa River basin. .............................................................................................. 27
Figure 6- 8 Aspect of the Rawa River basin. ............................................................................................................. 28
Figure 6- 9 Hydrological stations in and around the project area. ............................................................................. 29
Figure 6- 10 Meteorological stations in and around the project area. ........................................................................ 29
Figure 6- 11 Elevation wise Comparison of Catchment of Dudhkoshi and Rawa Khola .......................................... 31
Figure 6- 12 Thiessen polygon of Meteorological Stations around the Project Catchment area ............................... 31
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. vi TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

Figure 6- 13 Isohyet lines within Rawa Catchment ................................................................................................... 32

Figure 6- 14 Generalized geological map of the Nepal Himalaya (after Amatya and jnawali, 1994) ....................... 42
Figure 6- 15 Photograph of proposed desander basin area (showing the alluvial deposits) ...................................... 43
Figure 6- 16 Google photo showing the proposed powerhouse and surge tank area. ............................................... 44
Figure 6- 17 Options of RKHP in Google-map ......................................................................................................... 45
Figure 6- 18 Option of RKHP in Topo Sheet ............................................................................................................ 45
Figure 6- 19 Proposed layout for Option A ............................................................................................................... 47
Figure 6- 20 Proposed layout for Option B ............................................................................................................... 48
Figure 6- 21 Access road alignment to Rawa Headworks from Hurlung .................................................................. 51
Figure 6- 22 Proposed Camp Site Location ............................................................................................................... 51
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. vii TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

1 INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
Nepal's water resources potential including hydropower is sufficient which could be developed for rapid
socio-economic growth of the Country. The gross hydropower potential of Nepal is estimated to be
83,000 MW, of which about 42,000 MW is considered as economically effective based on the fuel
power balance, multipurpose utilization of water resources and preserving ecological balance in the
country. In spite of the presence of sufficient hydropower potential within the country, Nepal could not
meet the domestic demand of power and energy supply. The ever-increasing demand of power and
energy has promoted the decision makers of the country to harness the sufficient water resources
potential. As a result, more than 50% of the country’s population is still deprived of electrical energy.
The investment required for the development of the Hydropower project is quite high because of the
difficult terrain and the risks posed by the young geology of the Himalayas as well as foreign
dependability in the hydropower construction technology. The government of Nepal has set an
encouraging investment environment for private sector. As per the Hydropower Development Policy,
2001 and Water Resources Strategy, 2002, the government envisages maximum involvement of private
sector in hydropower development for large, medium and small-scale projects.
The Rawa Khola Hydropower Project is identified by Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. TAC Hydro
Consultancy P. Ltd., has undertaken the Feasibility Study of RKHP under the Contract Agreement with
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd., signed on 3rd September 2018. The study is scheduled to be completed
within 48 weeks starting from the date of signing of the Contract.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The different information’s regarding the project as indicated in ToR of the project has been reviewed
on the basis of present study and described as follows:
A) Location
The Rawa Khola Hydropower Project is located in Khotang District of the Eastern Development Region
of Nepal. The proposed intake of the project lies approx. 50m downstream from the confluence of two
river i.e Lidin Khola and Rawa Khola of Jalapa VDC, Khotang District at approximately 86° 46’ 33.82”
E longitude and 27° 20’ 3.76” N latitude and powerhouse site lies along the right bank of Rawa Khola,
of Jalapa VDC, Khotang District. The approximate coordinate of proposed powerhouse is at 27° 18’
57.46” N Latitude and 86° 45’ 25.41” E longitude.
B) Hydrology
Rawa Khola Hydropower Project’s headwork site has a total catchment area of 170 km2 at intake. There
is no discharge measuring gauging station at headwork thus the discharge at this river section is
determined by Modified Hydest method. The mean annual flow estimated in the intake is 17.07m3/s
based on modified hydest method. The design flow is taken as 10.741 m3/s at Q40. The minimum and
maximum monthly flows are 2.362 m3/s and 57.581 m3/s respectively.
C) Layout
Rawa Khola Hydropower Project is a Run-off-River project. The available gross head is about 111 m
and the design discharge are 10.741m3/s giving the installed capacity of 9.23MW (Option A). The intake
is proposed at approx. 50m downstream of confluence of Rawa Khola and Lidim Khola. The intake
level is proposed at elevation of 851m amsl. The conveyance system is proposed a Pipeline of length
around 2.5km up to the proposed Surge tank site (Option A). Later, the design flow for power generation
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. 1 TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

is conveyed from surge tank to powerhouse by a 500m vertical Penstock pipe. Powerhouse is proposed
on the right bank of the Rawa Khola at an elevation of about 737 amsl.
D) Energy
As per the Energy Q40, the annual energy that is expected to be generated is 50.63 GWh, as per Inception
Phase Study.
E) Access
The project lies in Khotang district of Eastern Development Region.The project site is accessable
through Ktm-Kavre-Nepalthok-Sindhuli-Khurkot (BP Highway) and then Khurkot-Ghurmi-Harkapur-
Halesi-Hurlung (Diktel Road). Khurkot is about 115 km far from Kathmandu. From Khurkot to
Harkapur is about 60 km. From Harkapur to Halesi is about 42 km. From Halesi to Hurlung is about 27
km. The project site is accessible from Hurlung (Diktel Road). From Hurlung, approx. 20km offroad
leads to Jalapa Village of Jalapa VDC, Khotang. Jalapa is the nearest small bazar to the project site.
The project site is about 10km offroad from Jalapa village. From Jalapa fedi to Headworks, track has
been excavated but disturbed because of land slide so they need to be re-construct.
F) Transmission Line The nearest substation from the project site is Buipa Sub-Station (NEA) at
Buipa VDC, which is approximately 13 km far from proposed powerhouse site.
2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

OBJECTIVE
The main objective of the consulting service is to conduct the Detail Feasibility Study of the assigned
Hydropower Project and to examine the technical, economic and financial parameters of the Project.
This Report should contain all important aspects required for approval of the Project by concerned
government authorities of Nepal and serve as a basis for implementation of the Project by private
investors as well.
SCOPE OF WORK
The prime task is to carry out the Detail Feasibility Study. Thus, the scopes of the consulting services
will be as described in the following sections. The Consultant has elaborated the work plan as far as
possible for all activities contemplated to complete the job that will be performed during the course of
the study work. The Consultant will submit all the drawings, formats, calculations, reports and other
documents regarding the project to Client for review and approval. All the comments received from the
Client will be incorporated accordingly. The Consultant will review all available relevant reports, data
and information.
The Consultant will then identify and recommend the extent of studies that will be necessary to
complete the full feasibility study of the Project.
The Feasibility Study Report will contain technical, financial and all other relevant aspects of the project
development including the examination of technical, financial and economic viability of the project.
The outcomes from the study are expected to be implemented during construction period. The
Feasibility Study will be carried out in accordance with the assigned ToR. The Scope of works to be
carried out under feasibility study includes;
 Topo survey: Topographic survey and mapping of the project.
 Hydrological, sedimentological and meteorological data collection. The client will be
measuring the flow regularly and data thus obtained shall be provided to the consultant.

 Geological and geotechnical investigations: The consultant is expected to propose the detail of
geological investigation required. The client will decide whether to do geological investigation
or not.
 Geological mapping: The consultant will do the geological surface mapping of the project area.
 Project component layout and feasibility level design
 Energy calculations
 Transmission line and power evacuation
 Approximate layout of access road.
 Project Size Optimization.
 Project Cost estimates.
 Construction planning schedule.
 Financial analysis of the project.
 Coordinate with EIA/IEE team appointed separately by Client and provide with necessary
information.
 Engineering design of the project sufficient enough to start the detail engineering design.
The main basis to carry out the Detail Feasibility Study of the project will be the ToR of the Project. In
additional to the ToR the consultant will perform the activities as per prevailing guidelines for
unclarified task in ToR.
3 APPROACH FOR INCEPTION PHASE STUDY

MOBILIZATION
After the signing of the Contract, the Consultants have been mobilized their resources for the Project.
The Project office has been established at Kathmandu, a working space and working environment has
been created for the commencement of the assigned project works.
DESK STUDY
The principal activity during the desk study consisted of the following:
 Review and supplementation of available hydrological, meteorological, topographical,
geographical, and other data of specific relevance;
 Review and confirmation of the sites identified and selected for the project on the basis
of available topographical maps and aerial photographs; and
 Preparation of the field survey investigation program and questionnaires before
mobilization for subsequent field studies.
 Study of the accessibility in the site.
DATA COLLECTION
The catchment area of the Rawa Khola intake lies in Khotang District for this purpose following maps
are collected and studied.
Maps Scale
Topographical sheet No. 2786 12 1:50,000
Geological Data
Geological information has been obtained from Regional geological maps of Eastern Nepal in the scale
of 1:250,000.

Hydrological data
Hydrological and meteorological data has been collected form Department of Hydrology and
Meteorology, Kathmandu.
Documents
The following documents are revisited by the Consultant:
 Guidelines for Study of Hydropower Projects, DoED;
 Design guidelines from the official website of DoED;
 Hydrological study of Rawa Khola its correlation with Dudhkoshi river.
RECONNAISSANCE VISIT
During the field visit by the Consultant’s professionals including Team leader,Civil Engineer,
Hydropower Engineer Engineering Geologist, Hydrologist and other supporting members, the
project area has been verified. Potential Alternatives for project layout are studied taking into account
of existing topography, landscaping, geology and nature of the Rawa Khola etc.
INCEPTION REPORT
This Inception Report has been prepared based on the findings of the available project information,
review and reconnaissance field survey. Based on the field visit made by the professionals, options for
project layout with major hydropower components are prepared and presented herewith. Similarly, the
finalized field investigation program, a general approach and methodology to conduct the feasibility
study indicating procedure of design analysis, power production simulations, and economic analysis are
presented in this report.
SITE SELECTION
Under the site selection, the sites selected during reconnaissance study need to be re-confirmed and
approved in terms of suitability from technical and economic considerations. Different Alternative sites
will be studied and the most potential and technically viable Alternative will be proposed by the
Consultants with technical justifications for approval of the Client. Further activities related to field
investigation works will be preceded fully concentrating on the approved project Alternative.
4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR DETAIL

FEASIBILITY STUDY
GENERAL APPROACH
General approach is based on the importance of the Study appreciated by the Consultant, overall scope
of works understood; planning made and measures to be undertaken for attaining envisaged quality of
results from the Project works.
The national practice and the standard guidelines will be the main basis of the project study. The
consultants experience of working in Hydropower sector will also guide for carrying out the feasibility
study of the project.
The consultant intends to embark upon the works with the following general approaches:
 Selection of those methods and technologies which have been tested and proven to be optimum
and appropriate in successful on-going and past projects;
 Use of ToR and the national/international technical standards, guidelines and norms listed
below as far as possible;

Guideline for Study of Hydropower Projects, DoED

Design Guidelines for Headworks of Hydropower Projects, DoED
Design Guidelines for Water Conveyance System of Hydropower Projects
 The detail identification of task, exploration of facts, discussion and presentation of outcomes
with proper scheduling, implication and monitoring;
 Application of an optimal combination of the methods and technologies based on practicality,
Client's requirements, and sound professional judgment;
 General management approach to accomplish the objectives of the services by clear
responsibility distribution and farsighted management of resources; and
 Preparation and use of standard workable formats for ensuring uniform data collection, for
minimizing subjective deviations, and for establishing effective and objective interpretation of
the data. The formats will be suitable for analysis by using computer software, as appropriate.

Commencement
 Reconnaissance Survey
 Review of Report
Inception Stage
 Methodology and Work plan

 Collection of Maps and
documents preparation
 Field visit by the Expert
 Project Alternative Studies
Inception Report
Field Survey and Investigations
 Mobilization to field Team

 Site Selection and Finalization
 Topographical Survey and Mapping
 Geological Mapping
 Hydrological, Meteorological and Sedimentation Investigation
 Geotechnical Investigation
 Project Layout
Design Phase
Field Report
Data Analysis and Mapping

Engineering Design
 Field Data Organization and Tabulation
 Hydrological Analysis  Layout and Design of Civil Component
 Laboratory Test and Geophysical  Optimization Studies
Interpretation  Design of Electromechanical Components
 Interpretation of Core Drilling  Layout Design of Transmission Line
 Design of Access Road
 Design/Drawings/Rate Analysis Interim /Progress

 Cost & Quantity and Estimates Report
 Energy Computation and Benefit Assessment
 Economic and Financial Analysis
 Contract packaging/Construction Planning Schedule
 Conclusion& Recommendations
Comments by
Draft Report Client
Incorporation of
Comments
Final Report

FIELD SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION

Immediately after approval of the Inception Report by the Client, the Consultants will carry on the
following field activities:
1. Topographical survey;
2. Engineering geological mapping;
3. Geophysical Survey; and
4. Drilling and Field Testing
In additional to these, hydrological, sediment study, meteorological data collection & analysis,
construction material survey and testing will be carried out as per the requirement.
TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY AND DATA BASE GENERATION
The consultant will conduct the topographical survey and mapping, covering the area of approximately
100 ha, including water diversion system, water conveyance system, Forebay/ Surge tank, Power house
site and project road area at the scale of 1:1000 respectively with contour interval of 1m in the before
mentioned areas. The survey methodology will be as following:
i) Control survey
a) The permanent Benchmarks established by DGPS at different stations of Project Area,
which is equivalent to 3rd order trig point provided by DoS, will be used as the control
points for topographical mapping of RKHP.
b) The position of weir site, Forebay/ surge tank, powerhouse site and project road area
will be marked on the topographical maps at the scale of 1: 50,000 to indicate the survey
areas and provided to the survey team.
c) All permanent control points or BMs at dam site, Forebay/ surge tank, power house site
and control points will be permanently monumented on stable ground and description
cards will be prepared in the field.
d) The other control points at dam site, Forebay/ surge tank, powerhouse site and project
road area will be established by using total station by triangulation method and
traversing as appropriate. The precise traverse with 1” DGPS network will be started
and closed to 3rd order control point(s) or main control point with enough checks.
e) The permanent control points or BMs will be established at least two to three in each
at intake site, Forebay/ surge tank, powerhouse site, and three to four points along the
headrace and penstock alignment.
f) The BMs/Reference points will be permanently monumented and description cards will
be prepared in the field.
ii) Traverse and leveling survey

a) Survey teams will be mobilized for the topographical survey. One survey team
equipped with 1” Total Stations with targets on tribatch, will be responsible for
horizontal and vertical control works.
b) All the values (X, Y, and Z) of the proposed permanent monument will be established
connecting the DGPS Points (second order or third order as available). Elevation will
be connected to nearby BM.
c) A closed traverse survey of BMs and Control Points will be carried out for horizontal
and vertical control.
d) Both Faces and sides measurements and three sets of angular measurements will be
taken between two consecutive traverse points
e) The closing error of the traverse will be calculated in the site which ensures the quality
control.
f) To control accumulation of error in the traverse, the traverse will be checked into other
known points. Similarly, to control accumulation of errors in the computed lengths and

azimuths of the sides of the network, subsidiary bases on the triangulation will also be
measured at suitable intervals. Following error limits are to be validated/checked
 Allowable tolerances for angle: < 10” (seconds) being the maximum difference
between angles obtained from face left and right observations and 5” per set.
Appropriate correction technique will be applied if the angular misclosure
exists within the allowable tolerance. The angular misclosure for traverse will
be within 10√n” (seconds) where “n” is the total number of traverse points.
 Allowable tolerance in distance to be within 1:2,500 or (5mm± 5ppm).
 Linear misclosure of traverses to be better than 1:10,000 with the condition
that all angles have been adjusted.
 Difference in levels to be within 12√k mm where "k" is the distance between
two benchmarks in kilometers.
 Traverse will be computed and errors in X, Y & H will be adjusted by
Bowditch or least squared method as appropriate.
g) Details will be surveyed using Total Station and the established points as above and
establishing new points connecting the existing points. Hanging station (station not
included in Closed traverse) more than one will not be allowed.
h) 3-4 check details/ common points will be observed for each adjoining station. The
check points should be agreed within 0.025 x of the map scale factor in cm.
i) The maps will be compiled from database where the following data are compiled
together with attribute table:
 DGPS Points
 Ground control Points and BMs with No. and elevation in m
 Traverse lines
 Grid and sheet No. (50 cm x 50 cm paper size in plotting scale)
 Field data from total station
 Annotation data
 DTM and contours
 Legend, and border information
 Sheet frame, name and grid/graticule value
j) A complete topo-map in the standard format and scale as per ToR will be prepared and
submitted to Client.
k) The detail will be classified and symbolized from Database; pdf sheet files for each
map will be prepared and printed to required no. of copies.
l) For larger area, DTM and contours will be compiled separately dividing the areas into
different grid sheets or administrative regions. There will be no problem of
mismatching if the common areas are used on both adjoining maps.
iii) Mapping:
The consultant will prepare the contour plan in 1:5,000 scale with 5 m contour of the whole project
area. All the features such as rocky cliff, side zones, cultivated land, community forest etc will be
shown, also consultant will prepare digital maps at the scale of 1: 1,000 showing the location of control
points and BMs, topographical features and dam site, Forebay/ Surge tank, power house site, spillway,
project road and of canal/tunnel alignment in 1: 2,000 scale. The contour intervals will be 1m for BM,
topographical features, dam site, forebay/surgetank and of 2m to 5m for canal/tunnel alignment and will
be annotated. The symbol / database of the features will be as prescribed in the Legend.
iv) Strip survey:
The strip survey will also be carried out on the course using Total Station.
Digital strip maps at the scale of 1:2,000 will be prepared covering at least 100m strip from the centre
line on each side (at least 50m) from the central line of project road and canal/tunnel alignment of
showing the location of control points and BMs, topographical features and water diversion, Forebay/

Surge tank, power house site, spillway, project road and canal/tunnel alignment. The contour interval
will be 2m and will be annotated. The symbol / database of the features will be as prescribed by the
project/ Survey Department. In case of exposed water conveyance, the details of cross drainage covering
50m both sides will be prepared and submitted.
v) Transmission Line Walk over survey:
The walk over survey will be carried out during the field verification time and on the design of
transmission routes and pylon positions using available larger topographical maps at the scale of
1:25,000 or 1: 50,000.
The locations of the various field features will be recorded together with necessary coding system with
a view to process the data using standard mapping software. The Digital Topo map obtained from
Survey Department will be used for creating layout and presenting the field features, if required.
vi) Cross section and profile
The consultant will carry out cross-section and longitudinal profile survey at the headworks and
powerhouse site. The specifications of the X-section and L-profile survey will be as follows.
 Cross-section at an interval of 50 m up to 100m up to the stretch of 200m (depending upon the

river condition and accessibility) upstream and 200m downstream of dam axis (headworks site)
 L-section of the river covering a stretch of 300m, 150m upstream and 150 m downstream of
the dam axis (headworks site) along the existing water course, depending upon the river
condition.
 Cross-section at an interval of 50 m to 100m up to the stretch of 200m upstream and 200m
downstream of powerhouse axis.
 L-section of the river covering a stretch of 300m, 150m upstream and 150 m downstream of
the powerhouse axis along the existing water course.
HYDROLOGY AND SEDIMENT STUDIES
4.4.1 Hydrological Analysis
Rawa khola is the ungauged basin, thus the consultant will analyse the design discharge, mean monthly
flow, minimum flow, flood discharge. Client is responsible to measure the flow at the section where
gauge is established regularly and provide to consultant. Discharge measurement and gauge reading
will be done by using the current flow meter and report will be provide to consultant by client on regular
basis. The consultant will assess the quality and reliability of the available information.
4.4.2 Sediment Study
Consultant will take the sample during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon in certain period of time and
analyze the samples of obtained and perform the necessary laboratory test as per the ToR required for
Detail Feasibility Study Report.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL STUDIES
The Engineering Geological studies at this level of investigation will be carried out in order to collect
the relevant information about weakness zones (faults, folds and any other kind of discontinuities) that
may cause difficulties for the project structure (headworks, tunnel alignment, penstock and
powerhouse). The reliability of results of field mapping depends on the complexity of the geology, the
experience of the personnel involved and the possibility of observing representative rock masses in
outcrops, and involvement of a competent engineering geologist and the use of aerial photographs. The
engineering geological map at the scale of 1:1,000 and 1: 5,000 accompanied with sufficient cross
sections will be developed using field topographic survey maps covering an area such that the regional

geological picture would be clear. The geological fieldwork will cover an appreciable amount of the
surrounding area such that the regional geological picture would again be clear. The existing 1:25,000
or 1: 50,000 topographical maps will be used as a base map for the purpose of mapping the larger areas.
The engineering geological part of the feasibility report will include the engineering geological maps
accompanied with one or more cross sections and relevant photographs. The geological cross-section
of the project layout will be prepared and the geological cross-section at the typical sections like
Headworks site, powerhouse site etc. will be prepared.
4.5.1 Aerial Photo Interpretation
Aerial photo interpretation of the area will delineate all the geological structures, alignments and
morphological features at the project and its vicinity. It will cover at least 100 m to 300 m beyond the
proposed site of hydropower structures. Aerial photographs will be studied under stereoscope and all
alignments, local as well as regional faults, will be identified and verified in the field. Special attention
will be given to the intake site and the alignment.
4.5.2 Regional Geological Mapping

Geological map shows spatial distribution of different types of rocks and geological structures such as
bedding/foliation, fold, fault etc. Geology of any area has significant role for the stability of any civil
structures constructed on the area. Identification of different rock types and structures and their
distribution in and around the project area is essential before designing any civil structures of the project.
Normally, those regional geological maps are of 1: 50,000 and smaller scales that cover mostly bedrock
mapping in a wide range. Regional geological map for the proposed hydropower project will be
prepared in 1:50,000 scales that will also incorporate the photo-geological interpretations.
Methodology
Geological map will be prepared based on field data. During the field, geological traverses will be made
along the different sections such as River, road, foot trail etc. throughout the project area. While
collecting field data locations will be made in such a way that the spatial coverage of the area is high.
For precise location to gather field data a GPS will be used. Identification of rock types and
measurement of attitude of rocks will be made during the traverse with the help of Geological hammer,
dilute Hydrochloric acid, hand lens and Brunton Compass. Measured attitude and rock types will be
plotted on topographic map prepared from the survey data. Major structures will be traced and shown
on the topographic map. Finally, a geological map showing distribution of different rock types and
structures on different parts of the project area along with a suitable cross-section will be prepared.
4.5.3 Engineering Geological Mapping
Engineering geological investigation will be carried out by field mapping of rock and soil outcrops as
well by Geo-Mechanical classification of the jointed rock mass at the dam site (headworks area),
headrace alignment and tailrace canal, different construction surge shaft and powerhouse area using the
RMR and Q- value method. This method requires detailed discontinuity mapping of rock outcrops at
major structural locations.
Engineering geological map is very important for designing of any civil structures constructed on the
area. Identification of different rock types and geological structures and their distribution of rock and
soil in and around the project area is essential before designing any civil structures of the project.
Engineering geological maps of headwork site, Powerhouse, conveyance systems; canal/tunnel etc. will
be mapped in 1: 1,000 and 1: 5,000 scales as described in ToR of this study.
Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. 10 TAC Hydro Consultancy P.

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The engineering geological portion of the feasibility report will include cross sections and relevant
photographs. The engineering geological mapping will be presented to the Clients.
The engineering geological maps will be based upon the following:
 Regional geological conditions;

 Local geological conditions;
 Geological structures;
 Susceptibility of seismic events and their probable magnitudes;
 Micro seismicity, neo-tectonics;
 Bedrock lithology;
 Ground water condition;
 Existing infrastructure development;
 Natural slopes and their orientation;
 Mapping of Construction Materials;
 Joint Analysis;
 Intensity and density of existing instabilities;
 Geo-morphological setting;
 Vegetation cover;
 Natural water springs;
 Colluvial deposits, terrace deposits, Riverbed material etc.
Methodology
Engineering geological map will be prepared based on field data using survey map in and around the
project area. While collecting field data locations are made in such a way that the spatial coverage of
the area is high. For precise measurements of field data GPS will be used. Identification of rock types
and measurement of attitude of rocks/ and delineation of rock soil boundaries will be made in the field.
For the data acquisition in the field geological hammer, dilute Hydrochloric acid, hand lens and Brunton
compass and color pencils will be used. Measured attitude of rock mass discontinuities, distribution of
different rock/ soil types, and rock mass classification using RMR and Q system will be plotted on
detailed topographic map and tunnel /canal sections. Finally support system will be proposed for the
given underground structure.
Based on the finding of engineering geological mapping geological section along the proposed
alignment, headworks section and powerhouse section will be prepared.
4.5.4 Discontinuity Survey

Discontinuity survey such as bedding/ foliation plane, lithological contacts, major and minor joints
and folds will be conducted. For this, the dip direction and dip amount will be measured in the field.
Using the computer software DIPS, the above discontinuities will be analyzed to find out the major
discontinuity sets and plotted on the geological maps. Similarly, the rock mass will be classified
according to the Geomechanics Classification System (Rock Mass Rating System) – or Bieniawski’s
RMR system and Barton’s Q- system. Depending on rock mass class, subsequent support system will

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be recommended for underground structures. Engineering geological mapping will be presented to the
Clients.
GEOTECHNICAL/GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
Geophysical methods are often used to gather information from sub-surface exploration prior to core
drilling and excavation of exploratory Audits or Shafts. The main types of geophysical methods used
in rock mass investigation are listed below:
 Seismic refraction;
 Seismic reflection;
 Cross hole tomography;
 Electric Resistivity;
 Electromagnetic (Radar);
The seismic refraction method or 2D Electrical Resistivity Survey is commonly used in hydropower
projects. The seismic refraction methods involve blasting and explosive material which links with
security organization and causes lengthy procedure to accomplish the work than 2D ERT. So, the
Consultants will adopt 2D Electrical Resistivity Survey in order to investigate the sub-surface
geological condition at different finalized project components/locations by taking consent from the
Clients. The consultant will recommend seismic refraction method if necessary.
4.6.1 2D Electrical Resistivity Survey
2D-ERT is most commonly used geophysical tool in the feasibility study of hydropower projects of
Nepal. It is useful in characterizing the subsurface geology in the sites of different components of a
hydropower project. Geological observations provide a prior information while processing the data and
interpreting the tomogram.
Resistivity of a material is the inverse of the conductivity of that material. Electrical conductivity of a
material is the measure of ease with which an electric current can be made to flow through it. Thus,
electricity conductivity is the ratio of reading from voltmeter in volt to current measured in ampere. The
unit of electrical conductivity is ohm. Hence, the electrical resistivity is the reciprocal of electrical
conductivity and the measuring unit is mhos. The electrical resistivity thus measures the difficulty
following the current inside the material when the electric current passes through it. Current and
potential electrodes are used in measuring the electrical resistivity.
The location, lines and length of ERT line will be recommended after the preparation of geological and
engineering geological mapping of the project area and different project structure.
4.6.2 Core Drilling

4.6.2.1 Drilling
Core drilling is used to obtain information about rock masses that cannot be observed on the surface
and is always a valuable supplement to results from geological mapping. The purpose of core drilling
in most cases is to verify the geological interpretation, to obtain more information on rock type
boundaries and degree of weathering, to supplement information on orientation and character of
weakness zones, to study the ground water conditions and to provide sample material for laboratory
analyses.
The Consultants will recommend borehole drill location with approximate depth at water diversion site,
Powerhouse and Forebay/Surge tank site as per the site geological condition. The drilling will be based
on the findings of Geological mapping and 2D-ERT survey.

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PROJECT LAYOUT
The Consultants will include layout and design of following components:
 Diversion system;
 Water conveyance system;
 Location of headworks structures undersluice, desender, approach canal and spillway;
 Forebay/Surgetank
 Penstock alignment;
 Powerhouse location;
 Access road; and
 Transmission line.
OPTIMIZATION STUDY
The optimization study encompasses both optimization of project in terms of installed capacity and
energy generation in conjunction with the economic as well as environmental aspects and other project
components. The principle objective of the optimization study is to find out a project configuration,
which generates maximum annual energy at the possible low cost.
The Consultants will use a number of methods and tools to optimize the size of the project components
on the basis of working out several potential options for various structures and alignments of the
hydropower project. Optimization procedures for finding the major project parameters of the
hydropower component will be conducted such that the total costs of construction, operation and
maintenance, and mitigation of adverse environmental impacts is minimum while providing for
adequate factors of safety against hydrological, geological, seismological and geo-technical risks.
All of the above activities will include the layout and design of following components which are:
diversion system, intake and water conveyance system, forebay, powerhouse, mechanical and electrical
equipment, power evacuation system, access track and River flow diversion during construction.
4.8.1 Optimization of Power Installed Capacity
In this optimization process, the full supply level at headwork will be fixed. Designed diversion system,
intake, desander, forebay/surge tank and installed capacity will be taken into account in the economic
analyses. Conceptual layout and designs will develop for different Alternatives on the basis of which,
cost estimate for each Alternative will be computed. The obtained benefits for each Alternative will be
computed and will be compared with the costs to identify benefit cost ratio. The optimization process
can be summarized below:
• Performing the conceptual design/layout of structures with cost estimation for various
Alternatives;
• Determine the optimum level of pondage for generating required peaking power.
• Determine the optimum of generating units for selected installed capacity.
• Computing power and annual energy along with benefits for each Alternative;
• Computing and analyzing the benefit cost ratio for each Alternative;
• Computing the annual cost of the project and annual benefit derived from power for each
Alternative; and
• Performing economical and financial analyses including determination of net present value,
benefit cost ratio and financial internal rate of return.
• Determining the optimum generation Capacity with respect to project operation, repair and
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Optimization Parameters
The optimization will be carried out using the following parameters.
 Hydrological Data
The mean monthly flow and the selected turbine discharge obtained from Modified Hydest Method will
be used for the project.
 Energy Prices
For the benefit computations, the current power purchase prices offered by Nepal Electricity Authority
(NEA) were adopted the following rates:
Four months’ dry energy NRs.8.40/kWh
Eight months’ wet energy NRs.4.80/kWh
Here, Four-month dry energy is defined as the portion of hydrological available energy generated from
Manghir 16th to Chaitra 15th of a year. Likewise, the Eight-month wet energy is defined as the energy
that produced over and above the firm energy, limited by the installed capacity of the Project. This
energy would be generated from Chaitra 16th to Manghir 15th in a year.
4.8.2 Civil Engineering Design
This will be next phase for the project. The civil engineering design works will be undertaken in the
following sequence:
 Layout planning;
 Design of component structures; and
 Preparation of Drawings.
a) Layout Planning
An optimum layout plan for all the project structure based on the previous studies and current studies
will be prepared by the joint effort of the hydropower engineer, hydraulic engineer and geotechnical
engineers. It will take into consideration the various requirements applicable in the international
practices.
b) Design of Component Structures

i.Weir:
The water from Rawa Khola will be collected by the construction of weir. Weir should be capable to
raise the river water and store it for diverting a required flow towards the intake. The length of weir axis
is defined by the width of river. The height should be sufficiently high to create enough submergence
and driving head and should be such that the water level rises.
ii.Intake:
The intake will be located and aligned according to the location, topography of the weir. Care will be
taken in the design to minimize the construction and maintenance cost of these structures.
iii.Water conveyance system:
Generally, water conveyance system includes headrace waterways, penstock, Forebay/Surge tank and
tailrace outlets. Such systems may either be tunnel, canal or low-pressure pipes.

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Headrace pipe: The consultant investigated the viability of the headrace pipe in this site. The pipe should
be designed to convey the required design flow; size of the pipe will be optimized. Alternative options
for the pipe will also be evaluated. Pipe Type will be determined. If pipe is found not feasible,
Tunnel/canal option as Alternative options will also be evaluated.
iv.Forebay/Surge Tank:
Water hammer effect and other Surge effects will also be taken into consideration during design of
Surge tank. It should be designed to create pressure flow in the penstock leading to the turbines. The
water level should be determined in such a way that it will be possible to avoid entrance of air into the
penstock during maximum drop of water level at the time of sudden opening of turbine valves. A
suitable spillway and escape will be designed to safely manage the excess flow.
v.Penstock:
Penstock pipe will be designed for structural requirement and the alignment. The size of the penstock
diameter will be optimised based on cost and benefit comparison. The penstock pipe will be designed
with sufficient steel thickness to conduct water from Forebay to the turbines. Bifurcation of the penstock
appropriate for the turbine and Powerhouse layout will also be designed. Based on the topographic and
environmental conditions present along the penstock route either a surface or underground or vertical
Penstock will be considered.
vi.Anchor Blocks and Saddle Support:
Required numbers of anchor blocks and saddle supports will be provided to support the penstock based
upon site conditions. Stability analysis for anchor blocks and saddle supports will be carried out as per
standard practices taking adequate factor of safety.
vii.Tailrace:
The tailrace canal/tunnel will be designed to be able to adequately convey the discharge from the
turbines into the River without eroding the existing Riverbanks and Riverbed. Bank protection works,
if felt important, will be assessed during field visit.
viii. Powerhouse:
The Powerhouse will be designed to generate the Power by the design discharge and the net head.
Powerhouse may be surface and underground depending upon the geology of the area. The dimension
of the powerhouse is defined by the Electro Mechanical Components (turbine units and type, governors
etc.) to be installed in powerhouse. As this project is of medium head, thus Francis turbine is effective.
However, further study will be taken into consideration for the type and units of turbines. Protection
works will be given considering the maximum flood and GLOF at powerhouse area, and its geology.
4.8.3 HM and EM Components
Hydromechanical and Electromechanical components of a hydropower project include Hydraulic Steel
Structures, turbine, governors, fly wheel, gear-box, generator, control panel etc. Hydromechanical and
Electromechanical equipment required for the project will be sized according to the project requirement.
Optimization of Hydraulic Steel Structures and Selection of the appropriate electromechanical
equipment will be carried out. The power plant operates in a larger network of national grid thus
variation of load will be considered. Also, selection of the hydromechanical and electromechanical
equipment will be based on the important factor of road access and the maximum transportable loads
and sizes along the road.

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The general design and performance specification for the electro-mechanical equipment will be based
on the standards issued by IEC and other publications such as Water Power and Dam Construction,
United States Department of the Interior BUREAU OF RECLAMATION (USBR), IS-12800 (Part I),
Japanese Electro technical committee (JEC), JICA Training Manual etc.
In case of turbine, maximum water level, FSL, minimum operating level, normal tail water level, high
flood tail water level, highest upsurge, lowest upsurge, summer water temperature etc. will be taken as
design parameter. The plant capacity of the turbine will be from rated discharge and net rated head.
While determining the numbers and size of the units, due considerations will be given to the available
flow, its distribution throughout the year (in case of run of River type), size and characteristic of the
connected grid, manufacturing facility, transportation facility, ease of operation and maintenance, etc.
The selection of turbine will be done as per the design head, discharge and specific speed by using
different standard turbine selection charts.
Governor will be designed considering sensing speed, speed and load setting, stroke limitation, speed
drop function, feed-backs, communication with the main control system, protection and monitoring
functions.
The generator will be designed mainly based on IS 12000 Part 2. The air gap diameter will be sized
based on the maximum peripheral rotor velocity and the number of pair poles. Other generator
components like outer core diameter, stator frame diameter, and inner barrel diameter will be sized with
respect to the air gap diameter and number of pair poles. The rated kVA, output coefficient, air gap
diameter will be considered for the core length of stator.
Two units of Francis Turbine (vertical shaft) has been proposed till the inception phase because of
medium head available. However, the exact number and type of units, generators will be decided after
the detail survey.
4.8.4 Transmission Line System and Access Road
The Consultants will work out a preliminary concept for the transmission systems of the energy
produced by the project to the nearest point in the national grid.
The transmission line will be plotted on the available topographical maps prepared by the Department
of Survey of the project area. A single line diagram of the substation will be prepared.
The Consultants will assess the requirement of the access road and project roads for the implementation
of the project. The most advantageous option will be studied to complete feasibility level outputs.
4.8.5 Power Evacuation

The Consultants will determine the possibility and mechanism of evacuating the power from the
proposed project to the national grid, i.e., the Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS). Layout and
schematics of the step up and synchronization will be also prepared to the level of detail necessary for
preliminary design. The Consultants will also study and recommend the location and capacity of the
switchgear keeping in mind the local grid connection.
4.8.6 Construction Planning
This is a major task that the Consultants will have to prepare and submit in report to the Client, the
construction planning gives a detail of various activities that have to be performed during construction.
The Consultants will prepare a master schedule and construction program for development of the project
that will be carried out for the project implementation in future. In addition, the Consultants will prepare
the schedule for the pre-construction activities like access and transportation route, contract packaging,
locations of borrow areas for construction materials, construction camp and infrastructure facilities.

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The Consultants will prepare a project schedule highlighting the key and major events. The critical
activities and the critical path of activities in the schedule will be elaborated.
4.8.7 Drawing
The drawings for the project will be submitted as follows:
 General layout plan and longitudinal profile of waterways in the scale of 1:10000 with 1 m
contour
 Anchor blocks, Saddle supports: Plan – 1:200 and section 1:50;
 Plan and interval;
 Plans of diversion works, intakes, spillway, Desander etc. in 1:200 and section in 1:50;
 Crossings and super-passages: Plan, profile & section in 1:100 and 1:50;
 Forebay & spillway: Plan and section 1:200 and 1:50;
 Penstock, section of Powerhouse and tailrace plan 1:100 and section 1:50; and Drawings will
be prepared and submitted in A3 size paper as and where required.
4.8.8 Cost Estimates, Economic Evaluation and Financial Analysis
a) Cost estimates
Quantity estimation and cost estimates are critical elements in the economic analysis and financial
planning and cost management of the project. The estimates will be done on the optimized layout,
structure sizes and the construction methodology conceived for the project, taking account of the project
schedule. The cost of construction management and engineering will be included in the estimate as
separate items. Preliminary cost estimates will be prepared for the various elements of the project on
the following principles:
 Civil works unit rates will be based on the rate analysis, district unit rate and transport and
haulage distance of the construction material will be analysed;
 Cost of electromechanical will be derived from similar projects undertaken by NEA and IPP
projects undertaken in Nepal. Also, with the help of the Client attempt will be made to get
quotation from the manufacture as far as possible.
 For costing of transmission lines, the breakdown of the item the average rate per kilometre cost
derived from the construction experience of NEA and other similar projects will be taken into
account.
 The Quantity of civil structures and Hydromechanical structures shall be determined from the
drawings.
b) Energy Computation
The consultant will carry out the energy computation based on the hydrology at Q40%, Q45%, Q50%
and Q60% and the design parameters with consideration of compensation flow and losses on both Run
off River and Peaking Run off River concept. The consultant shall present the Energy Computation in
both the Georgian and Bikram Sambat Calendar.
c) Economic Analysis
The Consultant will carry out the economic viability of the project taking into account the requirements
of the integrated power systems. An assessment of the economic cost of the project will be made based
on the project cost estimate (investment cost), projected operation and maintenance costs, projected
environmental mitigation costs, and the possible costs of parts that may likely to impose on the lifetime

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of the works. From this information an assessment will be made on the total financing package required
for the scheme.
The economic analysis will be based on consumable energy. The economical parameters that will be
used for economic evaluation are presented below.
 Discounted Payback Period.

 Benefit Cost Ratio
 Net Present Value
 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) etc.
d) Financial Analysis
The Consultant will also carry out the financial viability of the project keeping in mind that the
requirements of the integrated power system including sensitivity analysis of possible scenarios.
Financial analysis will take into consideration only tangible costs and tangible benefits. For financial
viability, the project must supply a stream of revenue in excess of a stream of cost throughout the project
life. Thus, the financial profitability will be measured at the market price. The feasibility study report
should include sufficient financial detail, which can be presented to potential investors in the project.
Interest rate will be used for financial analysis.
The expected running costs for the plant will be compared with under construction projects available as
far as possible. Full details of annual operating costs are available to be drawn upon. In-house computer
programs will be used to undertake the financial analysis including:
 Various investment scenarios will be assessed for income and profits
 Project cost stream: The project cost stream will include the following cost components;
a. Construction cost: All direct & indirect cost related to the project implementation;
b. Interest During Construction (IDC);
c. Project Capital Cost: Sum of Construction cost & IDC;
d. Recurring Annual Cost: Includes the average annual cost of operation, maintenance,
insurance and general expenses;
e. Tax and duties;
f. Price Escalation;
 Project revenue stream: It is the annual revenue generated from the sale of energy.
e) Sensitivity Analysis
The sensitivity of the economic and financial parameters will also be performed for following changed
conditions to examine the soundness of the project:
• Varied discounted rate (say 8% -14%);
• Capital Cost decreased/increased by 10% to 20%;
• Varied revenue generation due to Hydrological risk analysis (say -5% to -10%)
• Delay in project commissioning (say for 1 year or 2 years, cumulative effect of cost and time
overrun); and
 Cumulative effect of cost and time over run
 Dry Energy Decreases by 5%, 10%, 15%
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5 REPORTING REQUIREMENT
PRESENT REPORT
The present Inception Report is first delivered Report. This Report incorporates the preliminary findings
of the desk study and details of the field reconnaissance program. The Report also includes
methodologies for conducting the study work with field investigation program. The details presented in
this Report is based on baseline information, first handed filed investigation and information from
secondary source. Thus, the result based on such information is crude and may conflict the detail
findings at the end of Study. This Report contains the details of different project Alternatives, their
relevant optimizations including analysis of Alternatives on different discharge option. The finding of
this report forms a boundary to carry out studies under subsequent phases of the study. Bounded to area
covered by the project, possibility of different options however cannot be ruled out.
REPORTING REQUIREMENT FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY
5.2.1 Inception Report
One copy of the Inception Report will be prepared and submitted to Client no later than 12 weeks after
signing the Contract Agreement. This Report will contain the finalized field investigation program and
a general approach and methodology that the Consultant proposes to conduct the Feasibility Study.
Such methodologies will include design analysis, power production simulations and economic analysis.
5.2.2 Topographical Survey Reports
One copy of draft report of topographical survey Reports with overlaying cadastral map indicating land
requirements and land details, will be prepared and submitted to Client no later than 20 weeks after
signing the contract agreement. This report also includes the walkover survey report of access road with
transmission lines.
5.2.3 Interim/Progress Reports

One copy of Interim/Progress Reports will be prepared and submitted to Client no later than 32 weeks
after signing the contract agreement. This report will contain the alternative layout, site geology
optimization with value engineering and presentation with layout drawings and reports.
5.2.4 Draft Detail Feasibility
One copy of Draft Detail Feasibility Reports will be prepared and submitted to Client no later than 44
weeks after signing the contract agreement. The Draft Detail report of feasibility study for the project
will include Topographical Survey and surface geological mapping including design drawings,
calculations, quantity and cost estimates, construction planning and other details as formulated in the
scope of work.
5.2.5 Final Feasibility Study Reports

One copy of final feasibility study report along with soft copies will be prepared and submitted to Client
no later than 4 weeks after the client’s Review and comments on the draft feasibility Report. The report
of feasibility study for the project will be prepared including topographical survey report, surface
geological mapping, hydrological and sediment study, design of access road and camp facilities,
transmission and power evacuation study, pit survey, construction material survey and tests, design of
civil, HM and EM components and other structures, design drawings, BOQ and cost estimates, final
evaluation and optimization and other details as formulated in the scope of work. The Consultants
should prepare and submit a Final Report by incorporating all the comments and suggestions on Draft
Final Report, obtained from Client.

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CONTENT OF FEASIBILITY REPORT

The Feasibility Study Report of the Rawa Khola Hydropower Project consists of the Executive
Summary, Main Report and Drawings along with 10 separate Appendices in three Volumes. The Main
Report is organized as follows:
Volume I: Main Report
Chapter 1 Provides general background, objectives, and scope of the study together with previous
studies of the Project;
Chapter 2 Contains information on the Project setting, a general description of the drainage basin
and Project location, access to the site and hydropower (water resources) development policy and
regulation;
Chapter 3 Summarizes a summary of the field investigation, surveying, data collection and field
measurements to be conducted during the Study pertaining to the data acquisition;
Chapter 4 Hydrological and sediment Study
Chapter 5 Covers a description of the regional and Project area geology along with exhibition of
the results of the site investigations;
Chapter 6 Contains a selection of the Project Alternatives relating to the location of the Project,
Headworks, conveyance system, Powerhouse and tailrace;
Chapter 7 Presents the Project optimization studies regarding to the Full Supply Level (FSL),
flow conveyance system, installed power capacity, number of the generating units, power evacuation
system and access road;
Chapter 8 Describes the engineering aspects of the Project facilities including civil, electrical and
mechanical installation works;
Chapter 9 Presents the background data related to load growth, system planning, power and
energy benefit calculations;
Chapter 10 Provides the studies of Power Evacuation;
Chapter 11 Contains the project Road studies to be carried for the Project;
Chapter 12 Includes the Construction Planning and Implementation Schedule for the Project;
Chapter 13 Comprises the Capital Cost Estimate of the Project;
Chapter 14 Provides the economic and financial evaluations along with the cash flow of the
Project; and
Chapter 15 Presents the Conclusions and Recommendations of the Feasibility Study of the Project.
Volume II: Project Drawings
Volume III: Appendices
Appendix A: Topographical Survey and Mapping
Appendix B: Hydrological and Sedimentation Studies
Appendix C: Geological, Geophysical and Geotechnical Studies

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Appendix D: Project Optimization Study

Appendix E: Stability and Hydraulic Design
Appendix F: Access Road
Appendix G: Capital Cost Estimate
Appendix H Economic and Financial Studies
Appendix I: Transmission Line Studies

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6 INCEPTION STUDY
GENERAL
This Chapter deals with the field relevant data collection, project settings, hydrological and geological
studies as well as different Project Alternatives within the specified Project boundary. This chapter also
deals with the outcomes of site visit. The issues related with the study of various Project options are
also discussed herein as part of the Study. The Project location map of the RKHP and the Project area
delineation is presented in Error! Reference source not found. and Figure 6-2 respectively.
Figure 6- 1 Project Location Map
Figure 6- 2 District Map and Catchment Area

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FINDINGS OF STUDY
Observation of Desk Study:
The Consultant carried out desk study of the project on the basis of project boundary provided by the
Client. During the desk study the topo maps, aerial photos and geological map of the area were studied.
The other technical findings of the study are summarized as below:
 The matrix form of project boundary was plotted in topo-maps and was cross checked using
Arc-GIS 10 and Google Earth Pro. The project lies on Khotang district;
 Catchment area demarcation on the topo-sheet is made;
 The proposed layout mentioned in Desk Study is studied and other possible Alternatives
demarked;
FIELD VISIT
The Consultant’s team of experts consisting of Team leader, Civil Engineer, Hydropower Engineer,
Hydrologist, and Geologist visited on October, 2018.
As planned, during this field visit the Consultant’s Team has made sincere efforts in obtaining the
required information on the following aspects of field findings.
 Identification of project area including basic River characteristics;
 Location and position of Confluence of Rawa Khola and Lidim Khola Site.
 Familiarization with the project boundary and possible project layouts with locations of major
project components.
 Identification of possible Alternatives;
 Findings of field status on number and length of crossings, out cropped rocks, fissures and rock
nature, etc. to be encountered in Tunnel alignment.
After completion of field visit, the site constrains are evaluated and Alternatives have been identified
and their analysis are being carried out.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
6.4.1 Access
The project lies in Khotang district of Eastern Development Region.The project site is accessable
through Ktm-Kavre-Nepalthok-Sindhuli-Khurkot (BP Highway) and then Khurkot-Ghurmi-Harkapur-
Halesi-Hurlung (Diktel Road). Khurkot is about 115 km far from Kathmandu. From Khurkot to
Harkapur is about 60 km. From Harkapur to Halesi is about 42 km. From Halesi to Hurlung is about 27
km. The project site is accessible from Hurlung (Diktel Road). From Hurlung, approx. 20km offroad
leads to Jalapa Village of Jalapa VDC, Khotang. Jalapa is the nearest small bazar to the project site.
The project site is about 10km offroad from Jalapa village. From Jalapa fedi to Headworks, track has
been excavated but disturbed because of land slide so they need to be re-construct.

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Rawa Project Boundary
Figure 6- 3 Access road from Hurlung to Rawa site
Table 6 I Detail access to project site from Kathmandu (By Road)
From-To Estimated time to Remarks Approx. Distance

travel (km)
Kathmandu-Khurkot 4 hours By jeep 115
Khurkot -Harkapur 1.5 Hours By jeep 60
Harkapur- Halesi 1.5 Hours By jeep 42
Halesi- Hurlung 1 Hour By jeep 27
Hurlung- Jalapa-Jalapa 2 Hours By jeep 19.5
Fedi
Jalapa Fedi-Headworks 1 hour By foot 2
6.4.2 Topography
The Inception Report is prepared based on the reconnaissance visit and information obtained from the
existing 1:50,000 scale Topographical map from the Department of Survey, aerial photographs and GPS
measurement.
Maps Scale
Topographical sheet No. 2786 12 1:50,000
HYDROLOGY
The Hydrological characteristics of a river play vital role in the planning, design and successful
operation of a hydropower project. The hydrology of a River influences the nature and size of
hydropower projects, the design of their components and the ability of these components to fulfill their
operational needs with safety and economy.
6.5.1.1 Review of Past Studies, Reports and Literatures

Following relevant past studies, reports and literatures on regional hydrology have been collected and
reviewed for the study and finalization of key hydrological parameters of the project.
 DHM, Hydrological Estimations in Nepal, 2004

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 DHM, Stream Flow Summary, 2008

 DOED, Guidelines for the Design of Head works for Hydropower Projects in Nepal, 2005
6.5.1.1.1 Hydro-Meteorological Characteristics of Nepal

The Hydrology of Nepalese Rivers is dominated by the Monsoon winds originating at the Bay of Bengal
and entering Nepal around end of May and lasting until the end of September. About 75 to 80 percent
of total annual rainfall occurs during these four monsoon months. In Nepal, the intensity and pattern of
monsoon is governed by the topography of the Himalayas. It usually moves to the north and later on to
the west, causing maximum precipitation in the southern Terai belt, and diminishing gradually while
moving towards the north. The annual precipitation is 2200-2500 mm in the Terai and Siwalik range,
1500-2500 mm in the Mahabharata range, and less than 1000 mm in the Himalayan range. The monsoon
occurs first in the east and progressively moves along the Himalayan chain, into the west covering the
entire stretch of the country.
The months between October and May are mainly dry, though a winter monsoon which travels eastward
from the Mediterranean Sea occasionally brings rain. The winter monsoon has more influence in west
than east. Precipitation in the form of hail may occur during February and March.
The steep gradient, young geology, sharp physiographic changes within short distances and the
orographic influence due to high mountain barriers influence the spatial variability of precipitation. On
the other hand, depleting forest cover, population pressure and increasing urbanizations, cultivation on
steep slopes have a combined effect on the dynamics of hydrologic cycle and water induced
environmental degradation such as landslides and debris flow contributing to ever increasing peak
floods and sediment concentrations.
6.5.1.1.2 Hydro-Meteorological Characteristics of Rawa River

The basin hydrology is governed by the annual rainfall, form of precipitation, their variability in time
and space and the response of the basin to them. The basin response depends on a host of factors, the
dominant ones being the shape and size of the basin, its physiography, topography, slope, land use,
drainage pattern etc. The Rawa catchment is prevalent of forest with mild slopes. The basin long term
average annual and monsoon rainfall based on representative’s rainfall stations shown in table 6-IV and
table 6-V.
6.5.2 Meteorological Analysis
6.5.2.1 Basin Scenario
The intake site is located 50m downstream of the confluence of Rawa and Lidim Khola, the Rawa being
in the Eastern side and the Lidim in the Northern side. The Rawa river, seperating Makpa and
Sapteshwar of Khotang district and has no effect of any snowfeded mountains. Most of the basin area
lies in mild slope region.
The Catchment area of Rawa Khola as marked in Figure 6- 4 is 170 km2. The catchment is prevalent
of forest with mild slopes and dense forest. The catchment area is roughly oval shaped with elongated
Northern side. The maximum length of the catchment is about 16.66 km in the East West direction and
minimum length is about 11.71 km in the North South direction. The lowest elevation in the catchment
of Rawa is 825 m amsl and highest elevation is about 3600 m (Sukdel mountain top) amsl. Most of the
catchment of Rawa Khola lies in the elevation range of 800 m – 3600 m. Table 6-III indicates that the
area below 5,000 m is less than one percent, which means most of the catchment area lies below 3000
m (91%).

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Figure 6- 4 Google map of the Rawa River at Rawa Khola HPP Intake
Figure 6- 5 Headpond of Catchment area
The topographic information presented in Figure 6-6 and Figure 6-7 indicates that the basin lies in the
High Hilly region with most of the areas covered by forest. Significant area is also covered by exposed
areas utilised for agriculture and rock outcrops.

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Figure 6- 6 Elevation Range in the Rawa River basin.
Figure 6- 7 Elevation Range in the Rawa River basin.

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Table 6 II Elevation range within the Rawa catchment
Drainage
Total catchment Area below 3000 Area below 5000 Total stream Density(k
Name (km2) (km2) (km2) length (km) m/km2)
151.75 0.89
Rawa 170 155 170
Figure 6- 8 Aspect of the Rawa River basin.
6.5.2.2 Hydrological and Meteorological Data

Figures 6-9 and 6-10 illustrate the hydrological and meteorological stations in and around the Rawa
watershed. The figures show that No precipation data are available within Rawa catchment. The
closest precipitation station to the rawa catchment is at AeshealuKharka. No hydrometric station
exists in the project area as well. The Rawa Khola is tributary of Dudhkoshi. The nearest gauging
station (stn. no. 670) on Dudhkokshi River, measuring the discharge is located at Rabuwa Bazar. The
Dudhkoshi at Rabuwa Bazar drains 4,100 km2, which is about twenty four times larger than the Rawa.
Another stations with simillar catchment characteristics are at Sabhaya khola (stn. no. 602) located at
Tumlingtar; Solu Khola (stn. no. 668.5) located at Salme . Data from these stations have been
acquired for estimating hydrological variables in the project area. Table 6-IV and figure 6-10 presents
the details of the hydrological stations in and around the project area. Simillary, meteorological
stations located around the project area are at Salleri, Pakarnas, Chaurikharka, Chepuwa etc. as
shown in figure 6-12 and table 6-V.

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Figure 6- 9 Hydrological stations in and around the project area.
Figure 6- 10 Meteorological stations in and around the project area.

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Table 6 III Hydrological stations in and around the project area.
Stn. Station Elevation Area

No Name Location Lat. (DD) Long.(DD) (m) (km2)
602 Sabhaya Khola Tumlingtar 27.31 87.22 305 375
668.5 Solu Khola Salme 27.508333 86.554167 1800 246
Dudhkoshi
670 River Rabuwa Bazar 27.268611 86.659444 460 4100
Table 6 IV Meteorological station in and around the project area.
Mean
Index Lat.(D Log.(DD Ele.(m rainfall(m
S.N. Station name No. District D) ) ) m)
CHAURIKHAR
231 K 1202 Solukhumbu 27.7 86.72 2619 2088.11
232 PAKARNAS 1203 Solukhumbu 27.43 86.57 1982 1784.76
AISEALUKHA
233 RK 1204 Khotang 27.35 86.75 2143 2179.28
242 SALLERI 1219 Solukhumbu 27.5 86.58 2378 1654.34
243 DIKTEL 1222 Khotang 27.22 86.8 1623 1466.9
Sankhuvwasab
248 NUM 1301 ha 27.55 87.28 1497 4423.09
265 DINGLA 1325 Bhojpur 27.37 87.15 1190 1961.72
86.3833
245 SIRWA 1224 Solukhumbu 27.55 3 1662 1820
27.6333 86.2333
214 JIRI 1103 Dolkha 3 3 2003 2304
MANE 27.4833 86.4166
235 BHNJYANG 1207 Okhaldhunga 3 7 1576 1093
OKHALDHUN 27.3166
234 GA 1206 Okhaldhunga 7 86.5 1720 1756
Among these hydrological station, the nearest hydrological station is the Dudhkoshi hydrolological
station.Since the Rawa khola is a tributary of the Dudhkoshi,daily data from this station is used for
catchment correlation to find the mean monthly flow.Thus, we adapted the value from the Dudhkoshi
Khola Correlation.
Among all those meteorogical station around the Rawa Catchment, only the Chaurikharka metrorogical
station has influence in the Inkhu khola watershed according to the theissen polygon analyis of
neighbouring station. Therefore, we collected the rainfall data of the Chaurikharka station to calculate
the total water yield in the watershed of Rawa Khola.

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Figure 6- 11 Elevation wise Comparison of Catchment of Dudhkoshi and Rawa Khola
Figure 6- 12 Thiessen polygon of Meteorological Stations around the Project Catchment area

Ltd.
The thiessen polygons were found too large due to uneven and lesser number of the meteorological
stations around the Rawa catchment. Therefore, isohyetal method were used to calculate the mean
rainfall of the catchment.
2400
2300
2200
2100
Figure 6- 13 Isohyet lines within Rawa Catchment
6.5.3 Flow Studies

6.5.3.1 Adopted Approach and Methodologies
Literature surveys and acquisition of most of the relevant data have been achieved. The collected data
includes: data published by the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM), unpublished raw
data collected by DHM from high Himalayan zones. Digital Elevation Models (DEM), satellite images,
and 1: 50,000 topo-sheets covering the whole catchment have been obtained from the relevant agencies.
Four approaches are being adopted for the hydrological investigations required for the hydrological
design at the Rawa Khola project Site.
1) Assessment of available data and estimation of design values based on the extrapolation of
assessed data and information.
2) Regional approaches developed by different relevant agencies, such as WECS/DHM (1992)
methodologies, DHM (2004) procedures, etc. Preliminary calculations are made for
comparison of records. Regional approaches are also being explored for the estimation of
sediment transport.
3) Measurement of flows with regular stream gauging establishing water level gauges at the intake
site.
4) To check the water-balance of the catchment.

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6.5.3.2 Mean Monthly Discharge
6.5.3.2.1 CAR-Method and Hydest Method

Table following table and figure show the Mean Monthly Flow by using the daily data of Dudhkoshi
River station.
Table 6 V Comparison of Mean Monthly Flow
Correlation with Modified

Month Hydest Dudhkoshi Hydest
Discharge(m3/s) Discharge(m3/s) Discharge(m3/s)
Jan 2.170 2.34 4.69
Feb 1.848 1.93 3.93
Mar 1.663 1.85 2.47
Apr 1.705 2.19 2.36
May 2.289 3.82 3.14
Jun 8.736 13.07 16.13
Jul 26.789 30.03 41.77
Aug 32.415 31.85 57.58
Sep 25.137 23.43 39.90
Oct 10.871 9.96 18.65
Nov 5.022 4.70 8.50
Dec 3.235 3.07 5.75
Mean Monthly Flow- Correlation with Dudhkoshi River

35.00
30.00
Discharge(m3/s)
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
Month

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Mean Monthly Flow-Hydest

25
20
Flow, m3/s
15
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Monthly Flow-Modified Hydest

70
60
50
Flow, m3/s
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
6.5.3.2.2 Recommendation:
The nearby hydrological station to the Rawa catchment is the Dudhkoshi Hydrological station at
Rabuwaghat. However,Dudhkoshi catchment is 22 times the Rawa catchment the Hydrological
phenomena of large catchment does not match with that of smaller one so mean monthly flow from the
Modified Hydest is Adapted, which is given below.
Table 6 VI Mean Monthly Flow from Modified Hydest.
Month Flow, Q m3/s

January 4.69
February 3.93
March 2.47
April 2.36
May 3.14
June 16.13
July 41.77
August 57.58
September 39.90
October 18.65
November 8.50
December 5.75
Annual flow 17.07

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6.5.3.3 Design discharge

Different Approach and methodologies were used to calculate the design discharge (Q 40). The results
of the different methods are represented below.
6.5.3.3.1 Catchment Area Ratio Method (CAR-method)

The table and figure show the Discharge available for different Probabilistic value at Rawa Khola using
Dudhkoshi river station.
Table 6 VII Discharge Measurement at 40% Exceedence (CAR-method)
Probability of Exceedence Discharge (m3/s)

5% 36.74
20% 19.96
25% 16.12
30% 12.22
35% 8.53
38% 7.00
40% 6.37
42% 5.74
45% 4.96
50% 4.10
52% 3.84
53% 3.73
60% 3.05
65% 2.74
80% 2.13
95% 1.50
FDC Curve
40.00
35.00
30.00
Discharge (m3/s)
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Probability of Exceedence

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6.5.3.3.2 HYDEST Method

The main parameters of Hydest method is mean monsoon index which is found by isohyet method, is
2280.75mm within the Rawa catchment. The catchment below 3000m elevation is 155 Km2.Simillarly
total catchment below 5000m elevation is 170 km2.
The table and figure show the Discharge available for different Probabilistic value at Rawa Khola.
Table 6 VIII Discharge Measurement at 40% Excedence(HYDEST Method)
Discharge
Probability of Excedence (%) (m3/s)
0 39.071
5 22.099
20 22.676
40 6.342
50 4.734
60 3.126
65 2.595
80 1.004
95 0.651
100 0.557
Flow Duration Curve

45
40
35
Flow, m3/s
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Probability Exceedence , %
6.5.3.3.3 Modified Hydest

The main parameter of Modified Hydest beside the Hydest method is the mean altitude of the catchment,
which is 2213.53m masl. The table and figure show the Discharge available for different Probabilistic
value at Rawa Khola.
Table 6 IX Discharge Mesurement at 40% Exceedance(Modified Hydest)
Probability percentage,% Flow, Q m3/s

0 121.124
5 56.579
20 31.726
40 10.741
45 9.405
50 8.069
60 5.397
65 5.029
80 3.926
95 2.748
100 1.246

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The design discharge is taken at 40 percentiles of probability of exceedance.The design discharge at
Q40 is adopted at 10.741 m3/s from Modified Hydest Method.
6.5.3.4 Flood Discharge

For Flood analysis, following approach are used.
6.5.3.4.1 CAR-Method
The following table and figure show the Flood Discharge for different return period using the
Instantaneous Maximum Flow of Dudhkoshi station.
Table 6 X Maximum Flow Discharge(CAR Method)
Return Log-pearson-
period(Yr) Gum-BELL III
2 96.40 81.86
5 170.17 110.51
10 219.02 135.91
20 265.88 165.93
50 326.53 214.81
100 371.98 260.56
500 477.00 406.98
1000 522.16 493.14
10000 672.07 936.66

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The following table and figure show the Flood Discharge for different return period using the Modified
Hydest Method.
Table 6 XI Maximum Flow Discharge (Modified Hydest Method)
Flood flows
Return Period, T yrs Flood flows, Q m3/s
2 175.195
5 301.046
10 399.478
20 504.491
50 656.234
100 781.644
200 917.945
500 1114.664
1000 1277.441
5000 1706.059
10000 1914.151
Since we have the recorded flood discharge at the Dudhkoshi Catchment, the Flood discharge for
different return period is adopted from Gum-bell Distribution.
Table 6 XII Flood Discharge from Gum-bell Distribution
Return
period(Yr) Gum-BELL
2 96.40
5 170.17
10 219.02
20 265.88
50 326.53
100 371.98
500 477.00
1000 522.16
10000 672.07
6.5.3.5 Minimum Flow
6.5.3.5.1 CAR-Method
For minimum flow, Weibull analysis is used for different basin correlation.
The table and figure show the Minimum discharge available for different Probabilistic value at Rawa
Khola using Dudhkoshi river station.

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Table 6 XIII Minimum Dischage Flow (CAR-Method)
Return Minimum
period(yr) Flow(m3/s)
2 1.639
5 1.168
10 0.813
20 0.457
30 0.249
40 0.102
50 0
Low-Flow-DudhKoshi Correlation
3.00
2.50
2.00
Discharge
1.50
(m3/s)
1.00
0.50
y = -0.513ln(x) + 1.9941
0.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-0.50
Return Period(Yr)
6.5.3.5.2 Hydest Method

The following table shows the minimum flow at Rawa Khola.
Table 6 XIV Minimum Discharge Flow (Hydest Method)
Low Flows
Return Period Day Low flows, Q m3/s
2 1 0.781
7 0.830
30 1.018
Monthly 1.113
10 1 0.415
7 0.490
30 0.674
Monthly 0.761
20 1 0.327
7 0.419
30 0.604
Monthly 0.687

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The following table shows the minimum flow at Rawa Khola.
Table 6 XV Minimum Discharge Flow (Modified Hydest)
Low Flows
1 1.631
7 1.738
2
30 2.005
Monthly 2.135
1 1.074
7 1.139
10
30 1.391
Monthly 1.505
1 0.973
7 1.026
20
30 1.273
Monthly 1.387
The following table shows adopted minimum flow obtained from Modified Hydest.
Table 6 XVI Minimum Discharge Flow (Modified Hydest)
Low Flows
1 1.631
7 1.738
2
30 2.005
Monthly 2.135
1 1.074
7 1.139
10
30 1.391
Monthly 1.505
1 0.973
7 1.026
20
30 1.273
Monthly 1.387
SITE GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

6.6.1 Regional Geology
Generally, the Himalaya is generated as a result of collision between the northward moving Indian
continent and the Asian landmass. The orogenic process still continues and mountains are being
formed. Continued activity is manifest in present day northward movement of Indian plate at a rate
of 5 cm per year and occurrence of frequent seismic wave along the mountain range and its
surroundings (Seeder and Armbruster, 1981; Jackson and Bilham, 1994; Pandey et al., 1995; Bilham et
al., 1997, 1998). The world largest and highest Alpine mountain ranges the ‘Himalayas’ extend for

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about 2,400 km length and lies in the central part of Eurasia the northwards of the Indian Shield. The
Himalaya terminates in both east and west direction. According to Bordet (1961) the Himalaya is
divided geologically and geographically into Punjab Himalaya, Kumaon Himalaya, Nepal Himalaya,
Sikkim/ Bhutan Himalaya and NEFA Himalaya
The Nepal Himalaya extends from Mahakali River in the west to the Mechi River in the east is 800 km
long which is one third of total length of the Himalayas. Geologically, it is divided into five major
tectonic zones (Gansser 1964, Le Fort et al. 1975, Valdiya 1980), from south to north. They are given
below. A brief summary of these zones is described below in order to provide the background for further
discussion on geological condition of the study area. Each zone characterized by their own lithology,
tectonic, structure and geological history. Fig. 6-14 depicts the generalized regional geological map of
the Nepal Himalaya.
Tibetan –Tethys Zone
……….STDS……….
Higher Himalaya Zone
……….MCT……….
Lesser Himalaya Zone
……….MBT……….
Sub-Himalaya Zone (Siwaliks)
……….MFT……….
Indo-Gangetic Plain
6.6.2 Indo-gangetic Plain

The Terai zone forms the southern fringes of Nepal, rest on the Siwaliks and consists mainly of alluvial
deposits of the Pleistocene to recent age derived from the erosion of sediments from the Himalaya. It is
Himalayan foreland basin and is separated from the Sub-Himalaya by the Himalayan Frontal Thrust
(HFT) and is the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the south.
6.6.3 Sub-Himalaya Zone (Siwalik)
The Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) in the south and the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in the north
bound this zone. The zone comprises generally north dipping sedimentary rocks of the middle Miocene
to the early Pleistocene of age containing vertebrate fossils (Corvinus, 1988). This zone is divided into
the Lower, the Middle and the Upper Siwaliks (Auden, 1935). The Lower Siwalik consists of fine-
laminated siltstone, sandstone and mudstone. The Middle Siwalik comprises of medium to coarse-
grained sandtone. The Upper Siwalik comprises conglomerate and boulder beds.
6.6.4 Lesser Himalayan Zone
A broad belt of characterizes the Lessar Himalayan Zone folded and faulted the Precambrian to the
Oligocene rocks developing a number of thrusts and nappes (Bordet, 1961; Hagen, 1969; Valdiya, 1995;
Lefort et al., 1999). It is separated from the Higher Himalayan rocks by the Main Central Thrust (MCT)
in the north and from the Sub-Himalaya by the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in the south. The Lesser
Himalaya is mostly comprised of unfossiliferous, sedimentary and metasedementary rocks such as slate,

Ltd.
phyllite, schist, quartzite, limestone and dolomite etc. There are also some remarkable granitic
intrusions in this zone.
6.6.5 Higher Himalayan Zone
Geologically, the Higher Himalayan Zone includes the rocks lying north of the Main Central Thrust
(MCT) and below the fossiliferous Tibetan-Tethys Zone. This zone consists of an approximately 4–10
km thick succession of crystalline rocks of the Precambrian age (Bordet et al., 1972). This zone
comprises mainly high-grade metamorphic rocks such as kyanite-silliminite bearing gneiss; schist and
marble form the basement of this zone. Granite is found in the upper part of this zone.
6.6.6 Tibetan-Tethys Zone
The Tibetan-Tethys Zone is the northernmost tectonic division of the Nepal Himalaya and extends to
the north in Tibet. This zone is composed of fossiliferous sedimentary rocks such as shale, limestone
and sandstone, ranging in age from the late Precambrian–early Paleozoic to the upper Cretaceous
(Colchen et al., 1980). It lies between the Southern Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) in the south
and Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITS) in the north. Most of the great Himalayan peaks of Nepal,
including the Mt Everest, Manaslu, Annapurna and the Dhaulagiri belongs to the Tibetan-Tethys Zone.
Figure 6- 14 Generalized geological map of the Nepal Himalaya (after Amatya and jnawali, 1994)
GEOLOGY OF PROJECT AREA

Geologically, the Project area consists of the rocks of the Lesser Himalayan Rock succession. It
comprises schists, quartzites, and augen gneisses. The lesser Himalayan succession is made up of low–
to medium-grade metamorphic rocks such as slate, schist and augen gneisses, marble, dolomite
limestone etc. The schist, slate, phyllite and quartzite occupies the major part of the project area. Most
of the headrace pipe alignment passes through it. Different types of soil encountered in the project area
are colluvial deposit and alluvial deposit. The headrace pipe alignment excavation condition with
respect to the major joint (foliation plane) is fair to good. The proposed structure wise geological
condition is as follows

Ltd.
6.7.1 Headworks
The headworks area is proposed at the straight course about 50 m downstream from the confluence of
Rawa Khola and Lidim Khola near suspension bridge. The left bank of the Rawa Khola on the proposed
headworks area consists of grey to light grey schist intercalation of with phyllite. The rock is intensely
crenulated and boudinaged. The schist with folded, boudinaged and disrupted quartz veins is observed.
That of right bank consists of alluvial deposit. The alluvial deposits consists of dominantly boulder size
materials.
The desander basin is proposed at the left bank of the Rawa Khola about 50 m downstream from the
proposed weir axis which connected by connecting canal. It consists of alluvial deposits which is
slightly cover by colluvial deposits at the slope part as shown in figure 6-15.
Proposed Desander basin Area
Figure 6- 15 Photograph of proposed desander basin area (showing the alluvial deposits)
6.7.2 Water way (Headrace Pipe Alignment)

The water way at the both bank is composed of partly rocky terrain with steep cliff, some portion
composed of alluvial deposits with flat land (specially at the initial portion of the headrace pipe
alignment) and deep kholsi (valley) and some section is covered by the thin cover of residual and
colluvial soil at low to medium steep slope which is cultivation land. Due to the mixed type of terrain
and rocks cliffs surface water way is recommended.
The rock mass at the uppermost part is consists of grey to light grey phyllite intercalation of with
laminated bands of fine augen gneiss gneiss. The rock is intensely crenulated and boudinaged. The
middle portion of the alignment consists of schist with intercalation of quartzite and the end part of the
waterway consist of light grey, fine grained, fresh to moderately weatheredphyllite and slate with major
three joint sets.

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6.7.3 Surge tank

The surge tank is proposed at the ridge of the terrain on the gravel road about 1 Km from bridge over
Rawa Khola to Aiselukharka. The area consists of combination of residual and colluvial soil. The area
is slightly covered by thin residual soil as shown in figure 6-16.
6.7.4 Powerhouse
The powerhouse area lies at the lowermost end of the nose shape river bed deposits (upper alluvial
terrace). The terrain composed of sand to boulders size materials. The rock is exposed just upstream
from the proposed powerhouse area on the right bank of the Rawa Khola which is grey, fine grained,
fresh to moderately weathered phyllite with major three joint sets. The attitude of foliation is 160°/52/
NE.
Proposed Surge Tank Area
Proposed Powerhouse Area
Figure 6- 16 Google photo showing the proposed powerhouse and surge tank area.
PROJECT PLANNING OPTIONS

The major components of the river are diversion structure with spillway and Undersluice, Intake and
Desander at headwork and headrace pipe, Surge Shaft and vertical or inclined Penstock Shaft for
Waterway and Powerhouse with tailrace. The options are selected based on suitability of sites for major
components layout of civil structures. The following are the different options identified during site visit
and vigorous search with Google map and earth. The size of the all components are approximately fixed
at this stage and will be designed after collection of survey data.

Ltd.
Figure 6- 17 Options of RKHP in Google-map
Figure 6- 18 Option of RKHP in Topo Sheet
These are criteria set during site visit to identify alternative layout of the project components.
 Sufficient and adequate space and span available for headwork components such as diversion
structures, intake, gravel trap and flushing.
 Sufficient and stable site for desander and flushing’s structure within the location of the
headwork.
 Hard rock geology for waterway such as headrace, surge tank and penstock alignment.
 Stable sites for approach canal alignment and surface waterways
 Sufficient, safe and stable sites for powerhouse location.

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 Accessibility to sites such as roads and foot trail including headwork, surge tank and
powerhouse location.
 Project boundaries and availability of maximum head for generation.
 Geologically feasible location of tunnel and audit portals the projects
 Streams crossings and revolute crossing along the waterway alignment.
 Exposed rock outcrops, soil deposits, landslides and rockfalls.
6.8.1 Option A
6.8.1.1 General Arrangement and Layout
The alignment of Option A passes through the right bank of Rawa Khola. A Gated type diversion weir
has to be constructed at the headworks location, at approx. 50m downstream of Confluence of Lidim
khola and Rawa Khola. The Reduced level of river bed of Weir location is 851m amsl and the approx.
length of weir will be around 40m. Thus, the collected water is then conveyed to the Surface Desander
(2 bays- 5m wide, 90m long and 5m deep). The headrace pipe of 2500m, finished dia 2.3m will convey
the water to the surge tank. The alignment passes through the Matauli village Area, Makpa VDC. The
headrace pipe will be circular-shaped. The Surge tank will be Underground of 5m dia. and 20m height,
circular shaped with concrete lining. Penstock would be of approx. 500m long. The diameter of penstock
pipe is assumed to be of 1.3m to 1.8m, made of steel pipe. The Surface Powerhouse is proposed at the
right bank of Rawa River. As for now, the dimensions of powerhouse are assumed to be of 30m X 20m
X 10m and 50m Surface tailrace canal is proposed. The Reduced Level of Powerhouse Area is 740m
amsl, leading to the Gross Head of 111m.
 Diversion Weir: Gated Weir, Elevation 851m amsl, Approx. Length: 40 m
 Desander: Surface, 2 bays- 5 m wide and 90 m long and 5 m deep
 Headrace: Pipe, Circular-Shaped Length 2500 m, finished dia. 2.3 m and of steel pipe.
 Surge Tank: Underground, 5m dia. and 20 m Height, circular shaped, concrete lining
 Penstock: Surface, 500 m long, 1.3m to 1.8 m dia. steel pipe
 Powerhouse: Surface, 30m long, 20m wide X 10 m height. Elevation: 737 masl
 Tailrace: Surface, Canal, 50 m long, size 2m wide and 2.5 m depth
 Design discharge: 10.741 m3/sec
 Gross Head: 111 m
 Capacity: 9.23 MW
 Energy Output: 50.63 GWh
6.8.1.2 Power and Energy Benefits
Option A have a gross head of 111 m and a design discharge of 10.741 m3/s. With an overall efficiency
of 86%, hydraulic parameters and available head result in an installed capacity of 9.23 MW. The average
annual saleable energy generation from this Option will be 50.63 GWh.
6.8.1.3 Rate analysis and Cost Estimates
The rate analysis will be done based upon the Khotang District rate and the rates of the relevant and
similar projects. The total cost of the project will be estimated based upon the size of civil structures,

Ltd.
mechanical, electrical, electromechanical including transmission line of the project. This cost also
includes overall provision of 10% contingencies on civil cost, 5% Contingencies on hydro mechanical
and electro mechanical cost, 3% towards construction management and administration and 2.5%
towards environmental impact mitigation and compensation cost. Similar pattern will be followed for
all the Options of project layouts.
Figure 6- 19 Proposed layout for Option A
6.8.2 Option B
6.8.2.1 General Arrangement and Layout
The alignment of Option B half passes through the left bank and half passes from the right bank of
Rawa Khola. A Gated type diversion weir has to be constructed at the headworks location, at approx.
50m downstream of Confluence of Lidim khola and Rawa Khola. The Reduced level of river bed of
Weir location is 851m amsl and the approx. length of weir will be around 40m. Thus, the collected water
is then conveyed to the surface Desander (2 bays- 5m wide, 90m long and 5m deep). The headrace pipe
of 3300m, finished dia 2.3m will convey the water to the surge tank. The half alignment passes through
the Sapteshwar VDC and half passes from Makpa VDC. The headrace pipe will be circular-shaped. The
Surgetank will be of 5m dia and 20m height, circular shaped with concrete lining. Penstock would be of
approx. 500m long. The diameter of penstock pipe is assumed to be of 1.3m to 1.8m, made of steel pipe.
The Surface Powerhouse is proposed at the right bank of Rawa River. As for now, the dimensions of
powerhouse are assumed to be of 30m X 20m X 10m and 50m long tailrace canal is proposed. The
Reduced Level of Powerhouse Area is 740m amsl, leading to the Gross Head of 111m.
 Diversion Weir: Gated Weir, Elevation 851m amsl, Approx. Length: 40 m
 Desander: Surface, 2 bays- 5 m wide and 90 m long and 5 m deep
 Headrace: Pipe, Circular-Shaped Length 3300 m, finished dia. 2.3 m and of steel pipe.
 Surge Tank: Underground, 5m dia. and 20 m Height, circular shaped, concrete lining

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 Penstock: Surface, 500 m long, 1 m dia. steel pipe

 Powerhouse: Surface, 30m long, 20m wide X 10 m height. Elevation: 737 masl
 Tailrace: Surface, Canal, 50 m long, size 2m wide and 2.5 m depth
 Design discharge: 10.741 m3/sec
 Gross Head: 111 m
 Capacity: 9.084 MW
 Energy Output: 50.05 GWh
Headworks
Surge Tank
Power House
Headrace pipe (3300m)
Figure 6- 20 Proposed layout for Option B
6.8.2.2 Power and Energy Benefits

Option B have a gross head of 111 m and a design discharge of 10.741 m3/s. With an overall efficiency
of 86%, hydraulic parameters and available head result in an installed capacity of 9.084 MW. The
average annual saleable energy generation from this Option will be 50.05 GWh.
6.8.2.3 Rate analysis and Cost Estimates

6.8.2.4 Rate Analysis and Cost Estimates
Ltd.
Table 6 XVII Comparison of Different Options for RKHP
Project Components OPTION A OPTION B

Diversion structure Concrete spillway type Concrete spillway type
Desander Surface Surface
Headrace Surface Surface
Surge shaft Underground Underground
Penstock Surface Surface
Power house Surface Surface
Tailrace Surface, Canal Surface, Canal
Design discharge at 40% percentile 10.741 m3/sec 10.741 m3/sec
Gross head 111m 111m
Headrace Pipe in (m) 2500.00 3300.00
Capacity 9.23 MW 9.08 MW

Energy for dry season 9.03 GWh 9.01 GWh
Energy for wet season 41.61 GWh 41.04 GWh
Dry Season Energy/Total Energy 18% 18%
Total energy output 50.63 GWh 50.05 GWh
Table 6 XVIII Comparison of Different Options for RKHP
Project Components OPTION A OPTION B

40.00
Diversion structure, m 40.00
Desander length, m 115.00 115.00
Headrace pipe in m 2500.00 3300.00
Penstock in m 500.00 500.00
Tailrace in m 50.00 50.00
River crossings Required Required
TOTAL length in m 3205.00 4005.00

Ltd.
6.8.3 Cost Analysis

From the above comparison chart of Option, A and B. it can be see that the Option B requires longer
waterway alignment than Option A, and the alignment is also not suitable because of landslide and loose
soils. Comparing the option A with Option B, the Option A have more bed rocks and stable soils which
is also best for waterway alignment. Hence Option A is most attractive option among two options.
6.8.4 Transmission Line
This survey has identified the most feasible route for power evacuation from RKHP project. Google
maps and topographic maps of the proposed site were utilized to identify the possible routes in desk
study. Later, reconnaissance survey followed by detail survey was performed to select the best
alignment considering geography, accessibility and standard selection criteria.
In the Inception study, power generated from RKHP was planned to evacuate to nearest substation from
the projected powerhouse which is Buipa Sub-Station (NEA) at Buipa VDC. It is approximately 13 km
far from proposed powerhouse site.
6.8.4.1 Power Evacuation

The Power Evacuation plan includes but not limited to route selection, reconnaissance survey,
preliminary survey, profiling and Tower Spotting. Technical analysis of high voltage power
transmission system namely selection of economic transmission voltage, line losses and voltage
regulation, sag and tension calculation are being followed by financial evaluation of transmission line
corresponding to the optimum route. Major financial indicators such as project life, interest and discount
rates, annual O&M cost etc. were used to evaluate the economics of this power evacuation study. Profile
drawing, sag template and tower spotting on the detailed profile are the expected Technical results of
this study. Optimization study shall recommend the most economical power evacuation scheme for this
project.
13km long 33kV transmission line from RKHP shall be connected to Buipa Sub-station (NEA). The
most economical transmission line alignment is identified through rigorous financial and technical
evaluation of alternatives.
Power evacuation study of RKHP includes the selection of optimum route, most economical conductor
size, and number of circuits. Sag & tension calculation, tower spotting and tower type selection are
major tasks of this transmission line design. The final route will be selected based on the topographical
stability and detail cost analysis in feasibility study.
6.8.5 Access Road

At Project area, Headworks and surgetank location are connected through off-road where as to reach
Powerhouse, Penstock and headrace alignment track needs to be excavated. For powerhouse and
penstock approx. 500m long track needs to be excavated from surgetank area at Bhadaure Village and
for headrace alignment approx. 2500m track needs to be excavated from surgetank area at Mateuli
village of Makpa VDC.

Ltd.
Figure 6- 21 Access road alignment to Rawa Headworks from Hurlung
6.8.6 Camp Location

The consultant is responsible for the location and design of camping facilities needed for contractors
and client during the period of construction of Project. During the inspection visit, the cultivated land
at the Daregauda village was proposed for the camp site location. This camp site location is approx.
0.6km away from the propose Headworks location of RKHP. Another camp can be established at
Bhadaure village area, near the Powerhouse location. This camp site location is about 0.5km from
proposed Powerhouse area. However, further study will be carried during the topographical survey and
most suitable area would be proposed for the camping location.
Figure 6- 22 Proposed Camp Site Location

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6.8.7 Alternative Selection

Two different Options have been worked out during the study as described in the above sub-Chapter.
For the selection of best Option among the potential Options, the consultant will conduct the following
procedures.
a) Design discharge will remain same for all Options so the comparison of components will be
logical.
b) Study of geological site conditions and assessment of socio-economic and environmental
aspects.
c) Determination of reliable gross head in each Option using GPS, Google Earth and digital topo
map.
d) Development of conceptual designs/layout of requisite structures for each Alternative and
preparation of their preliminary cost estimates.
e) Computation of power and energy for determining the benefits from each Options.
6.8.8 Power and Energy Calculation Table

For power and energy calculation for the Option A is presented the following format table. The power
and energy calculation of other Options are presented in Annex.
6.8.9 Work Schedule for Field Investigation Works
A revised work schedule for field investigation program is prepared and presented below. The work
schedule is prepared in such a way that the overall project schedule will not get hampered. The entire
project is scheduled to be completed within 48 weeks of signing the agreement.
The topographical survey has already started to cover the different alternatives; topographical survey
will cover Headworks, Surge Tank, and Powerhouse / Switchyard and Project road area covering the
total survey area of 68 ha. Soon after completion of topo survey, geological mapping and 2D ERT
(Electrical Resistivity Tomogram Survey) will be carried out. Then the process for drilling works will
be started taking consent from Client.
7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that the Installed Capacity, Design Discharge and Gross head of RKHP will be
different from, as indicated in Desk Study. As per the Option A (with the least capacity among the
alternatives), the design discharge is 10.741m3/s and the gross head is 111m. The capacity
corresponding to this discharge and head is 9.23MW. Also, the capacity and head has varied as per
Project Alternatives.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 The comparative cost analysis of Rawa Khola Hydropower Project shows that Option A is
best option among two. It is recommended to select the best option with further geological
investigation and recommendation of geological expert.
 Land purchase for the transmission line and for the components of project should be done prior
to the work of access road, because the price of land will increase after the road track reaches
the village area

Ltd.
REFERENCE
DHM Hydrological records of Nepal. Stream flow summary. Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal, 2008.
DMIP Design Manuals for Irrigation Projects in Nepal. M9: Drainage Manual. Department of Irrigation, Ministry of Water Resources, 1990.
DoED Inception Report. Feasibility Study and IEE Study of Kabeli-3 Hydropower Project. Department of Electricity Development, Ministry
of Energy, Government of Nepal, July, 2012.
DoED Inception Report. Feasibility Study and IEE Study of Ikhuwa Khola Hydropower Project. Department of Electricity Development,
Ministry of Energy, Government of Nepal, July, 2012.
DoED Design Guidelines for Headworks of Hydropower Projects. Department of Electricity Development, Ministry of Energy, Government
of Nepal, 2005.
DoED Guidelines for study of Hydropower Projects, Department of Electricity Development, Ministry of Energy, Government of Nepal,
December, 2003.
IOE Design Guidelines on Hydropower Projects. Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, 1993
Feasibility Study and IEE Study Reports of BudhiGandaki (Ka) and (Kha) Hydroelectric Projects. Patel Energy Ltd., 2012 .

Ltd.

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Inception

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RKHP Rawa Khola Hydropower Project

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Halesi Hydropower Pvt. Ltd. iii TAC Hydro Consultancy P. Ltd.

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT BASED OF

Power and Energy Calculations (Q40,Q60)

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Water Conveyance System

Penstock : approx. 500m long,

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4.8.1 Optimization of Power Installed Capacity 13

Geology of Project Area 42

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Figure 6- 13 Isohyet lines within Rawa Catchment ................................................................................................... 32

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2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY

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3 APPROACH FOR INCEPTION PHASE STUDY

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4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR DETAIL

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Guideline for Study of Hydropower Projects, DoED

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 Methodology and Work plan

Field Survey and Investigations

 Mobilization to field Team

Data Analysis and Mapping

 Design/Drawings/Rate Analysis Interim /Progress

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FIELD SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION

ii) Traverse and leveling survey

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 Cross-section at an interval of 50 m up to 100m up to the stretch of 200m (depending upon the

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4.5.2 Regional Geological Mapping

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 Regional geological conditions;

4.5.4 Discontinuity Survey

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4.6.2 Core Drilling

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b) Design of Component Structures

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4.8.5 Power Evacuation

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 Discounted Payback Period.

 Various investment scenarios will be assessed for income and profits

5.2.3 Interim/Progress Reports

5.2.5 Final Feasibility Study Reports

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CONTENT OF FEASIBILITY REPORT

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Appendix D: Project Optimization Study

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Figure 6- 1 Project Location Map