Relay Descriptions

1. Generator Relay Panel

59_Overvoltage Protection- Relay that operates when its input voltage is higher than a
predetermined value. Overvoltage may be due to transient surges caused by lightning or
switching surges. It is done to prevent the damage of electronic components.

60_PT Fuse Failure Protection- Fuse-failure protection is a function used to supervise the
operation of the fuses responsible for protecting the secondary circuit of the potential
transformer, which delivers the reduced voltage to the protection relay and voltmeters. When
there is a problem with the secondary circuit of the voltage transformer, which delivers an analog
signal to the protection relay inputs, the protection relay will identify the problem as an
undervoltage situation and could trip the circuit-breaker, so that’s where the fuse-failure
supervision function becomes important. Fuse-failure supervision function prevents
misoperation of the protection devices.

27_Under Voltage Relay- Relay that operates when its input voltage is less than a predetermined
value.

87G_Generator Differential Relay- Differential protection for a generator is mainly employed for
the protection of stator windings of generator against earth faults and phase-to-phase faults. For
the protection of stator winding of the generator, the differential protection system is used for
clearing the fault in the shortest possible time for minimizing the extent of a damage. Protective
relay that functions on a percentage, or phase angle, or other quantitative difference between
two currents or some other electrical quantities.

64R_Rotor Earth Fault Relay- The rotor of the generator is normally unearthed i.e. remain
isolated from the earth and therefore the single fault due to insulation breakdown will not rise
the fault current. A single fault will not affect the rotor, but if the fault occurs, continues then it
will damage the field winding of the generator. For a large generator, the rotor earth fault
protection system is used for the protection of the field winding.

32_Reverse Power Relay- Reverse Power Relay is a directional protective relay that
prevents/protect the generator from motoring effect (going to reverse direction). It is used where
generator runs in parallel with other utility or generator. The relay monitors the power supply
from the generator and in case the generator output falls below a preset value, it quickly activates
the trip and disconnects the generator.

51V_Voltage Restrained Overcurrent Relay- Voltage restrained overcurrent protection pro-vides

improved sensitivity of overcurrent relaying by making the set overcurrent operating value
proportional to the applied input voltage. Voltage restraint overcurrent relays are often used as
an alternative to impedance relays on small to medium (5-150MVA) size generators to provide
back-up to the differential relay. Other applications of voltage restrained overcurrent relays exist
in networks to provide better coordination and fault detection than plain overcurrent relays.
46_Negative Phase Sequence Relay- Relay that functions when the polyphase currents are of
reverse phase sequence or when the polyphase currents are unbalanced or contain negative
phase-sequence components above a given amount.

40_Loss of Field Relay- It functions on a given or abnormally low value or failure of machine field
current, or on an excessive value of the reactive component of armature current in an ac machine
indicating abnormally low field excitation.

50BF_Circuit Breaker Failure- Back up protection relay which are extra relaying schemes
attached to the equipment or part of the network with their own relaying system. The main
function of backup relays is to operate in any failure of tripping of circuit breaker due to main
relays.

25_Synchronizing Check Relay- operates when two ac circuits are within the desired limits of
frequency, phase angle, or voltage to permit or to cause the paralleling of these two circuits.

64G_100% Stator Earth Fault Relay- It is the scheme for providing ground fault protection for the
entire stator winding. It includes 95% unit-I, which covers stator winding from 5% of the neutral
and 3rd harmonic voltage measuring unit-II, which protects rest of the stator winding.

59N_ Ground Fault Overvoltage Relay- It is made to address ground fault protection in an
ungrounded or high resistance grounded system.

86G_Generator High Speed Trip Relay- electrically operated hand or electrically reset auxiliary
relay that is operated upon the occurrence of abnormal conditions to maintain associated
equipment or devices out of service until it is reset.

78_Phase Angle Measuring Relay- Relay that functions at a predetermined phase angle between
two voltages, or between two currents.

81_Over/Low Frequency Relay- relay that responds to the frequency of an electrical quantity,
operating when the frequency or rate of change of frequency exceeds or is less than a
predetermined value.

39_Mechanical Condition Monitor- device that functions upon the occurrence of an abnormal
mechanical condition (except that associated with bearings as covered under device function 38),
such as excessive vibration, eccentricity, expansion, shock, tilting, or seal failure.

38_Bearing Protective Device- functions on excessive bearing temperature or on other abnormal

mechanical conditions associated with the bearing, such as undue wear, which may eventually
result in excessive bearing temperature or failure.
94_Trip Circuit Supervision Relay- functions to trip a circuit breaker, contactor, or equipment, or
to permit immediate tripping by other devices; or to prevent immediate reclosing of a circuit
interrupter if it should open automatically, even though its closing circuit is maintained closed.

2. Transformer Relay Panel

64_ Ground protective relay-It is a relay that functions on failure of the insulation of a
transformer or of other apparatus to ground, or on flashover of a dc machine to ground. Note:
This function is assigned only to a relay which detects the flow of current from the frame of a
machine or enclosing case or structure of a piece of apparatus to ground, or detects a ground on
a normally ungrounded winding or circuit.

87T_Differential Protective Relay for Transformer

50/51N_Instantaneous Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay

50BF_Circuit Breaker Failure Relay

21_Distance Relay

63_Buchholz Relay- is used for internal fault protection inside the transformer. It is generally
used in large oil immersed transformers (rated more than 500 kVA). It is a type of oil and gas
actuated protection relay.

0TI_Oil Temperature Indicator

WTI_Water Temperature Indicator

86T_Master Trip Relay for Transformer- Master Trip relays are the final command of the breaker
tripping circuits. Master trip relays is nothing but a collection of all tripping circuits. If the fault
detected by any of the protection relay means at the same time the protection relay trips the
associated circuit breaker through the mater tripping relay circuits.

94_Trip Circuit Supervision Relay- The supervision relay type TCS is intended for a continuous
supervision of circuit breaker trip circuit and gives an alarm for loss of auxiliary supply, faults on
the trip coil or its wires independent of the breaker position.

27_Under Voltage Relay

 3. Transmission Line Relay Panel

21/25_Distance Relay/Synchronizing Check relay- Distance relay is a relay that functions when
the circuit admittance, impedance, or reactance increases or decreases beyond a predetermined
value. Synchronizing or synchronism check device operates when two ac circuits are within the
desired limits of frequency, phase angle, or voltage to permit or to cause the paralleling of these
two circuits.

79_ Ac reclosing relay is a relay that controls the automatic reclosing and locking out of an ac
circuit interrupter.

50BF_ Circuit Breaker Failure Relay

51/51N_Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay

67N/67_Directional Earth Overcurrent Relay- relay that functions on a desired value of ac

overcurrent flowing in a predetermined direction.

87B_ Bus Differential Relay provides economical high speed protection in a conventional
package for all high impedance differential applications.