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Electrics/
Criterium Hydraulics Pneumatis Mechanics
electronics
Shafts,
Oil (liquids in linkages,
Energy carrier Air Electrons
general) belts, chains,
wheels etc.
Energy Pipes, hoses, Electrically Shafts, belts,
Pipes, hoses,
transmission tubes, conductive linkages, belts,
tubes, bores
bores Material chains
Generators,
Conversion Pumps, Compressors, batteries,
from or into cylinders, cylinders, Electric motors,
mechanical Hydraulic pneumatic (PN) magnets,
energy motors motors solenoids,
Linear motors
Most
Pressure p Pressure p voltage u Force, torque,
important
(30. 400 bar), (approx. 6 bar), electric current velocity,
Charact.
flow Q flow Q I rotational speed
Electrics/
Criterium Hydraulics Pneumatics Mechanics
electronics
Power Excellent
Good Fair to good Good
efficiency
Excellent due
Accuracy of Excellent Fair to good Differs
to positive
motion (oil can hardly (air is considerably
mechanical
be compressed ) Compressible)
connection
Good
Fair to good Volumetric and Due to there
Good
frictional losses during primary being no
As long as
and secondary energy conversion, energy
Efficiency electricity is
as well as with the open and conversion.
available as
closed-loop control of valves Mechanical
primary energy
frictional
losses
For small powers
Controllability Excellent, Excellent, Fair to good
excellent
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aplikasi
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Ue
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Hydraulics cylinder
Hyd. Cylinder:
Single acting (plunger)
Double acting
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design
characteristics
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Vane pump
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Types of design
Internal sealing
Poppet-type valves Sliding-spool type
Rotary-spool-type valves
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Directional-control valves
for sub-plate connection
Directly operated
directional-control
valves
valve banks
1. General
For certain applications, mainly in the field of automotive
hydraulics, in which more than two functions are to be controlled,
special directional-control valves are available which have been
blocked together to form valve banks. As regards their size and port
dimensions, they are not subject
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1. Pressure-relief valve
1.1 Function 1.2.1 Basic principles
The most important task of this valve is to limit the pressure in a system and thus
protect the individual components and lines from overload and the danger of
bursting. This valve is also termed a maximum-pressure valve or safety valve
due to its function. Limitation takes place by the closed valve opening when the
specified pressure is reached and diverting the surplus delivery flow from the
1.2.2 Graphic symbols
pump into the tank. When used in this manner, the pressure-relief valve is fitted
in the bypass.
2. Pressure-reducing valve
Function and graphical symbol
1.3.4 Unloading function
It is the task of the pressure-relief valve to limit the pressure in the complete
system to a given level. The task of the presure-reducing valve, on the other hand,
is to reduce the pressure in a particular branch of the circuit to that required by a
special load or consumer. When the input pressure exceeds the selected pressure,
the valve continuously closes a connection which initially is fully open.
2. Pressure-reducing valve
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2.3 Pilot-operated
pressure-reducing valve
Sequence valve
3. Sequence valve with 4. Sequence valve with with external input, Sequence valve with external
internal signal input signal input, pilot-operated
external signal input directly-operated
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Check valves
Applications for check valves
Function, design, graphic symbols
It is the job of check valves to block to block the flow in a given direction, but to
permit unrestricted flow in the opposite direction. For this reason, they are also
known as non-return valves. The flow block must be absolutely free from leaks,
and for this reason these valves are always of the poppet-type construction.
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Pressure circulation
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Pressure reduction
Closed circuit
Application
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Element:
Manifold block
Cartridge
Cover plates
pilot valves
Pilot valve
Cover plate
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Pressure control
Check valve
Pilot operated
equivalent
equivalent
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