BS 1722-14-1992 Specification For Open Mesh Steel Panel Fences

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Universiti Teknologi Malaysia User, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 02/01/2013 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
Fences —
BRITISH STANDARD
steel panel fences

Part 14: Specification for open mesh
1992
BS 1722-14:
BS 1722-14:1992
Licensed Copy: Mr. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia User, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 02/01/2013 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012
Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Road

Engineering Standards Policy Committee (RDB/-) to Technical Committee
RDB/34, upon which the following bodies were represented:
Aluminium Federation
British Independent Steel Producers’ Association
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
British Steel Industry
British Timber Merchants’ Association
Country Landowners’ Association
County Surveyors’ Society
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency)
Department of Transport
Electricity Supply Industry in United Kingdom
Fencing Contractors’ Association
Forestry Commission
Institute of Clerks of Works of Great Britain Inc.
Landscape Institute
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
National Council of Building Material Producers
National Farmers’ Union
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
Society of Chain Link Fencing Manufacturers
Timber Growers United Kingdom
Timber Research and Development Association
Wire Products Association
The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:
British Gas plc
British Wire Netting Association
Cold Rolled Sections Association
This British Standard, having Consumer Policy Committee of BSI
been prepared under the
direction of the Road Fencing Industry Association
Engineering Standards Policy
Committee, was published Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management
under the authority of the Timber Trade Federation
Standards Board and comes
into effect on Amendments issued since publication
31 March 1992
© BSI 07-1999 Amd. No. Date Comments
The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference RDB/34
Draft for comment 88/13495 DC
ISBN 0 580 19493 0

BS 1722-14:1992
Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Section 1. General
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Dimensions and general characteristics 1
Section 2. Materials
2.1 Infill 4
2.2 Steel posts 4
2.3 Fittings 4
2.4 Other materials 4
Section 3. Design
3.1 Loading 5
3.2 Test methods 5
3.3 Test requirements 5
3.4 Toppings 5
3.5 Security against burrowing 5
Section 4. Foundations and sills
4.1 General 6
4.2 Holes for post foundations 6
4.3 Concrete sills 6
4.4 Concrete for post foundations and sills 6
Section 5. Gates
5.1 Construction 7
5.2 Additional items 7
5.3 Erection 7
Section 6. Erection
6.1 Level and line 8
6.2 Posts 8
6.3 Infill panels 8
6.4 Cranked tops and extension arms 8
6.5 Bolts 8
Appendix A Specifying a panel fence 9
Appendix B Steel components and protective treatment 9
Appendix C Calculation of wind forces 10
Appendix D Test methods 10
Appendix E Ground sloping conditions 12
Figure 1 — Method 1. Test rig: horizontal testing of fence system 11
Figure 2 — Method 2. Test rig: vertical testing of fence system 13
Figure 3 — Method 1. Up to 20° 14
Figure 4 — Method 2. Over 20° 14
Figure 5 — Method 3. Approximately 45° 15
Figure 6 — Alternatives to figures 3, 4 and 5 16
Table 1 — Basic characteristics of suitable expanded
metal for panel fences 2
Table 2 — Basic characteristics of suitable welded
mesh for panel fences 3
Table 3 — Post foundations for general purpose fences 8
Table 4 — Drag coefficients of fences (CD) 10
Publication(s) referred to Inside back cover
© BSI 07-1999 i
BS 1722-14:1992
Foreword
This Part of BS 1722 has been prepared under the direction of the Road
Engineering Standards Policy Committee. It is a new standard that takes into
account the growing current practice of the use of established materials as
fencing in panel form.
BS 1772 is published in separate Parts as follows:
— Part 1: Specification for chain link fences;
— Part 2: Specification for rectangular wire mesh and hexagonal wire netting
fences;
— Part 3: Specification for strained wire fences;
— Part 4: Specification for cleft chestnut pale fences;
— Part 5: Specification for closeboarded fences;
— Part 6: Specification for wooden palisade fences;
— Part 7: Specification for wooden post and rail fences;
— Part 8: Specification for mild steel (low carbon steel) continuous bar fences;
— Part 9: Specification for mild steel (low carbon steel) fences with round or
square verticals and flat horizontals;
— Part 10: Specification for anti-intruder fences in chain link and welded mesh;
— Part 11: Specification for woven wood and lap boarded panel fences;
— Part 12: Specification for steel palisade fences;
— Part 13: Specification for chain link fences for tennis court surrounds;
— Part 14: Specification for open mesh steel panel fences;
— Part 16: Specification for organic powder coatings for use as a plastics finish
to components and mesh1).
The various Parts specify requirements for the types of fence that are considered
suitable for standardization. It should be noted that no attempt has been made to
standardize fences or gates of a purely decorative nature, or to suit special
requirements, or to specify requirements for “patent” proprietory fencing
systems. It is recommended that the structure of such fences or gates should
comply with those clauses of this Part of BS 1722 that are applicable.
It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of
its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
The purpose of this standard is to establish minimum performance requirements
for materials and workmanship. It specifies requirements for open mesh steel
panel fences of four types:
a) a fence for boundary or general purposes up to 2 400 mm in height;
b) a fence for security purposes of minimum 2 400 mm in height;
c) a fence for high security use of minimum 3 000 mm in height;
d) a fence for maximum security of minimum 3 000 mm in height.
The general purpose fence is intended for use as a boundary marker or for those
locations where it is deemed necessary merely to deter the casual intruder or
trespasser.
The security fence is designed for use in areas where greater protection is
required from vandalism or trespass, and can be considered suitable for use for
general industrial security such as for industrial estates, airfields and oil
installations.
1)
In preparation.
ii © BSI 07-1999
BS 1722-14:1992
The high security fence is designed for areas where protection against determined
intrusion is required. However, it should be appreciated that it is not possible to
erect a fence that cannot be negotiated by a determined intruder given adequate
time, freedom from observation and suitable climbing aids or tools for forcing an
entry.
The maximum security fence does not permit finger holds and therefore cannot
be scaled without climbing aids.
The choice of a fence is affected by factors such as the intended purpose of the
fence, the desired service life2), aesthetic considerations and the availability of
components. The specifier of the fence will know its intended purpose and by
reference to Table 1 and Table 2, a suitable choice can be made. This then gives
those erecting the fence the basic characteristics that need to be provided. This
standard includes requirements for steel components to be galvanized. However
an important aspect of providing an extended service life is the maintenance of
the fence after its erection which is outside the scope of the standard. Premature
failure can be avoided by taking care not to damage protective treatments during
installation.
Ground conditions may indicate that a variation in the length of a post or strut,
or of the depth to which it should be set, is desirable. The posts and struts and
setting depths specified in this standard are intended for use in normal ground
but if special conditions exist that warrant a change in the specification,
e.g. ground that is softer or firmer than usual, such a change needs to be agreed
with the specifier, as for other variations.
To assist those specifying and/or providing a fence, Appendix A provides guidance
on the more important details that often take the form of selected options which
need to be specified at the time of ordering a fence.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.
2) Theservice life/durability is dependent on environmental conditions and may vary

considerably. For this reason, service life/durability is not included in this standard. For
information relating to finishes and durability refer to the manufacturer.
© BSI 07-1999 iii

iv
blank
BS 1722-14:1992
Section 1. General
1.1 Scope Maintenance of the fence after erection is outside

the scope of the standard.
This Part of BS 1722 specifies basic requirements
NOTE The titles of the publications referred to in this standard
for open mesh steel panel fences in four categories. are listed on the inside back cover.
a) Category 1: general purpose fences up
to 2 400 mm high; 1.2 Dimensions and general
b) Category 2: security fences at least 2 400 mm characteristics
high; Panel fences shall be constructed to the
c) Category 3: high security fences at requirements of Table 1 and Table 2 and shall
least 3 000 mm high; comply with section 3.
d) Category 4: maximum security fences at NOTE Details of the general design are referred to in
least 3 000 mm high. Appendix A.
Requirements for the performance of panel fences

for this standard are based upon loadings described
in section 3.
© BSI 07-1999 1
Licensed Copy: Mr. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia User, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 02/01/2013 03:12, Uncontrolled Co
Table 1 — Basic characteristics of suitable expanded metal for panel fences

2
BS 1722-14:1992
Category Height of fence Typical applications Typical expanded metal specifications
BS 405 Long way of Short way of Strand Mass Solidity

reference mesh (LW) mesh (SW)
Thickness Width
mm mm mm mm mm kg %
1 As specified General purpose boundary fencing Special 76 64 2.00 2.00 0.96 12
Vertical
General purpose boundary fencing EX41 100 50 2.50 2.69 2.08 11
Vertical
2 Minimum 2 400 Security. Anti intruder Special 76 64 3.00 3.00 2.21 14
Vertical
Security. Anti intruder EX42 100 50 3.00 3.53 3.106 16
Vertical
3 Minimum 3 000 High security EX44 100 50 3.00 5.03 3.66 20
Vertical
High security EX37 76 34 3.00 3.58 4.96 24
Vertical
High security EX32 50 23 3.00 3.12 6.52 31
Vertical
4 Minimum 3 000 Maximum security Speciala 10 70 3.00 5.50 9.00 38
Aperture Aperture Main
vertical strand
NOTE “Special” refers to meshes designed by manufacturers in accordance with BS 405 but they do not have a specific reference number.
a
Category 4. Aperture finger grip proof. Probe “no go” 11 mm diameter.
© BSI 07-1999
BS 1722-14:1992
Table 2 — Basic characteristics of suitable welded mesh for panel fences

Category Height of fence Typical Typical welded mesh specifications
applications
Vertical mesh Horizontal mesh Vertical Horizontal Solidity

spacing spacing wire wire
diameter diameter
mm mm mm mm mm %
1 Maximum 2 400 General 200 50 5 7 14

purpose 50 50 3 3 12
boundary 75 25 3 3 16
fence 50 and 12.5 50 and 12.5 3 3
2 Minimum 2 400 Security 75 25 3 3 16
50 50 3 3 12
3 Minimum 3 000 High 50 50 4 4 16
security 75 12.5 3 3 21
25 75 4 4 16
25 75 3 3 16
4 Minimum 3 000a Maximum 75 12.5 4 4 36
security 75 12.5 3 3 21
12.5 12.5 4 4 58
a Category 4. Aperture finger grip proof. Probe “no go” 11 mm diameter.
© BSI 07-1999 3
BS 1722-14:1992
Section 2. Materials
2.1 Infill 2.3 Fittings

Typical infill meshes shall be as given in Table 1 Panel to post connections shall be of sufficient
and Table 2. strength to transfer the specified panel load to the
NOTE Specifications for expanded metal and welded mesh are posts.
contained in BS 405 and BS 4102. NOTE Refer to section 3.
Protective treatment shall be carried out in
2.2 Steel posts accordance with Appendix B.
NOTE 1 See 2.3 for steel fittings.
Steel posts shall comply with section 3 and with the 2.4 Other materials
materials and protective treatment detailed
Posts can be manufactured from materials other
in Appendix B.
than steel but they shall be capable of withstanding
NOTE 2 Tolerances of + 50 mm and – 25 mm are permissible on the loading conditions stated in section 3.
the specified lengths of steel posts when determining the actual
lengths. NOTE For comment on service life/durability see the foreword.
4 © BSI 07-1999
BS 1722-14:1992
Section 3. Design
3.1 Loading 3.1.5 High security: category 3

The fencing system shall, when tested in accordance
NOTE with Appendix D, carry the loading as described
in 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 without exceeding the deflection
Category 1 (general purpose) Loading is not required.
See 3.1.3 for minimum specified.
design requirements.
3.1.6 Maximum security: category 4
Category 2 (security) Personnel loading only is
required. See 3.1.2 for The fencing system shall, when tested in accordance
minimum requirements. with Appendix D, carry the loading as described
in 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 without exceeding the deflection
Category 3 (high Personnel and wind loading
security) are required. See 3.1.1 specified.
and 3.1.2 for minimum
loading requirements.
3.2 Test methods
Category 4 (maximum security) Personnel and wind loading
are required. See 3.1.1 Fences shall be tested in accordance with
and 3.1.2 for minimum Appendix D to the loadings specified in 3.1.
loading requirements.
3.1.1 Wind loading 3.3 Test requirements

The wind loading for a particular fence system shall The fence shall be deemed to satisfy this standard if,
be established in accordance with Appendix C. during testing in accordance with Appendix D
NOTE 1 The design requirements of this standard are based
upon a dynamic wind loading (q) (see CP3:Chapter V-2) at right the deflection never exceeds fence height
------------------------------------- and
angles to the plane of the fence of 900 N/m2. 10
always recovers to fence height
NOTE 2 The wind loading is dependent upon the dynamic
pressure, solidity and drag coefficient. ------------------------------------- or is easily rectified
50
NOTE 3 In situations of extreme exposure or abnormal loading
it will be necessary to carry out a special appraisal and for the to within this limit.
design criteria to be specified.
3.1.2 Personnel loading 3.4 Toppings
The fencing components shall be capable of resisting Where toppings are used for increased security, a
a load of 700 N every metre at a height of 1.25 m minimum of three lines of barbed wire shall be
above ground level. provided. The lowest line shall be not more
than 150 mm from the top of the fence panel and the
3.1.3 General purpose: category 1
others spaced at not more than 150 mm to a position
NOTE Load testing is not required. not exceeding 25 mm below the top extension arm.
The steel mesh infill shall have strand thickness of NOTE Barbed tape, rotating spiked vanes and similar high
not less than 2 mm. The steel post sections shall security toppings can be used.
have a section moment of inertia of not less
than 5.4 cm4 for fences up to 1 800 mm high 3.5 Security against burrowing
and 12.5 cm4 for fences over 1 800 mm high. Posts If burrowing is a risk, one of the following measures
manufactured from material other than steel shall shall be specified:
be of equivalent strength.
a) provide a concrete sill in accordance with 4.3;
3.1.4 Security: category 2
b) extend the panels by 150 mm and embed them
The fencing system shall, when tested in accordance in the concrete sill as in a);
with Appendix D, carry the loading as described
c) extend the panels by 300 mm and bury them in
in 3.1.2 without exceeding the deflection specified.
the ground.
© BSI 07-1999 5
BS 1722-14:1992
Section 4. Foundations and sills
4.1 General 4.4 Concrete for post foundations and

Posts for panel fences shall be set in concrete. sills
The foundations for security fences in Concrete for bases of posts, sills and intermediate
categories 2, 3 and 4 shall be specifically designed to supports shall be not leaner by mass than one part
take account of ground conditions and conditions of of cement to ten parts of graded aggregates
service. of 20 mm nominal size mixed with the minimum
requisite quantity of clean water or it shall comply
4.2 Holes for post foundations with grade C10 of BS 5328. The constituents shall
be thoroughly mixed and the concrete shall be
The dimensions of the holes, excavated to receive placed in position and thoroughly compacted before
the posts and concrete shall comply with 6.2.1, 6.2.2 the commencement of the initial set.
and 6.2.3. Holes shall be sized to provide at
least 75 mm of concrete on all sides of the post.
4.3 Concrete sills

Where a concrete sill is specified it shall be formed
of in situ concrete and be continuous between posts
under the line of the panels. The sill shall be not less
than 125 mm wide × 150 mm deep and cast with
the top at or within 50 mm of ground level so that
the distance between underside of the panel and the
top of the sill does not exceed 50 mm.
6 © BSI 07-1999
BS 1722-14:1992
Section 5. Gates
5.1 Construction Drop bolts shall be fitted to each gate leaf in such
way that they cannot be removed, but do allow the
Gates shall be constructed from steel tube
gate to be secured in both the open and closed
complying with BS 6323 or hollow section
position.
complying with BS EN 10025 and BS 4848-2. The
size of section and grade of steel selected shall be of Slam plates shall be fitted to single leaf gates and
sufficient strength to satisfy the gate type, size and one leaf of a double leaf gate so as to withstand full
load specified. swing slamming without deformation.
The gate frames shall be of all welded construction A locking device shall be fitted at approximately mid
in accordance with BS 5135 with all corners mitred gate height (but not exceeding 1.5 m from ground
or saddled square. level) in such a way that when operated the gate is
securely held in the closed position. The locking
NOTE 1 Gates may be of single or double leaf type and suitably
braced to prevent any natural frame distortion when the gate is device shall be as specified.
under load, rendering it unserviceable.
The overall height of the gate when fixed shall 5.3 Erection
match the height of the adjacent fencing. When erected, the gates shall be no more climbable
NOTE 2 Alternatively an infill panel can be used above the gate than the adjacent fence. Gate posts shall be of all
to make up the height of the fence. welded construction in accordance with BS 5135
The distance from the bottom edge of the gate to the and constructed from steel complying with BS 4-1 or
surfaces of the road shall not exceed 75 mm at the BS 4848-2 and BS EN 10025. They shall be of a
meeting point when the gate is in the closed suitable strength to properly support the gate even
position. when subject to all loading criteria.
The gate shall be infilled with mesh panels of the Gate posts, which may be freestanding or combined
type used in the main fence. The panels shall be gate pillar and end post, shall be equipped with the
secured to the gate by a method which prevents necessary fitments to suit the gate requirements.
removal except by destruction and is capable of
The top of hollow section gate posts shall be sealed
resisting the same loading as the main fence.
with a metal or plastics cap. A steel base plate shall
be fitted to the bottom of gate posts to adequately
5.2 Additional items support and retain them after erection.
Hinges shall be of such a strength as to carry the If the fence is fitted with a topping, this shall also be
weight of the gate with a superimposed vertical load included on the gate.
equal to 100 kg applied at the nose of the gate leaf.
The design shall include a restriction making it
impossible for gates to be bodily removed at the
hinges when they are in the closed and locked
position.
© BSI 07-1999 7
BS 1722-14:1992
Section 6. Erection
6.1 Level and line 6.2.3 Gate posts

6.1.1 Level A hanging post and a shutting post shall be provided
for single gates; two hanging posts shall be provided
The top of the fence comply with the specified
for double gates.
requirements (see Appendix A).
Gate posts shall be set in the ground to a depth of
NOTE Unless specified (see also Appendix A) the erection of the
fence will not include cutting or fitting of the ground to vary the not less than 0.75 m. The hole for gate posts shall be
levels, or the provision of an additional concrete sill. not less than 0.45 m square in plan.
6.1.2 Line (security fences in categories 2, 3 The actual size of gate post foundations shall be as
and 4) specified.
The line of fence shall be set out in such a manner After installation of the gate posts the hole shall be
that changes of direction are formed as obtuse filled completely with concrete which shall be well
angles, no angle being less than 130°. rammed as the filling proceeds. Concrete around
Any opening below or through the fence shall be steel posts shall be brought up to a height of
protected in accordance with the purchaser’s approximately 50 mm above the adjacent ground
detailed requirements. level and finished with a weathered top to prevent
accumulation of water.
6.2 Posts
6.3 Infill panels
6.2.1 General
Infill panels shall comply with Appendix A
Holes for posts shall have vertical sides. and Table 1 and Table 2.
NOTE It is realized that the ground at the top of the hole is
damaged during digging and this is acceptable provided it is
limited to the top of the hole and does not extend down such that
6.4 Cranked tops and extension arms
the hole itself is tapered out towards the top. Cranked tops or single extension arms shall point in
When erecting posts for general purpose fences, the direction specified by the purchaser at the time
after insertion of the post the hole shall be filled to of ordering.
not less than half its depth with concrete which Extension arms shall be supplied for posts not
shall be well rammed as the filling proceeds having integral cranked tops. Where double
(see also 6.2.3). The remainder of the hole shall be extension arms are specified these shall consist of
filled with backfill which shall be well rammed, two single arms in “V” configuration fixed on
before the commencement of the initial set of opposite sides of each post. Where barbed wire is
concrete. specified both inside and outside a fence having
When erecting posts for security fences in posts with cranked tops, single extension arms shall
categories 2, 3 and 4 the specified design be used pointing in the direction opposite to that of
requirements shall be met. the integral cranked tops.
6.2.2 Positioning
NOTE For ground sloping conditions see Appendix E.
6.5 Bolts
Posts shall be provided at intervals, measured All bolts to fencing shall be burred over. Any
centre-to-centre, of not more than 3 m. damage to galvanized coating shall be made good
(see B.2.1).
The post foundation dimensions for general purpose
fences shall be as given in Table 3. For security
fences in categories 2, 3 and 4 the specified design
requirement shall be met.
Table 3 — Post foundations for general
purpose fences
Fence height Depth in ground Hole size
(minimum) (minimum)
square round
(augered)
mm mm mm mm
1 800 600 300 300
2 400 750 450 450
8 © BSI 07-1999
BS 1722-14:1992
Appendix A Specifying a panel fence 2) if steel:

A.1 General i) type of section;
This standard specifies performance requirements ii) type of protective treatment;
for materials and how they are combined and iii) type of cap required;
erected to provide a serviceable fence. Because a 3) foundations: size and post embedment
fence is made up of a number of separate depth;
components whose particular features may vary,
d) Fittings: particular requirements for
there will be a number of permissible combinations
protective treatments.
available to the user. When preparing a
specification for a fence it is therefore important to e) Gates:
give precise details of the requirements of the fence 1) width of opening (measured as width
and of the erection site. This appendix lists those between faces of gate posts):
items which typically need to be specified. However, i) single leaf gate;
as conditions will vary from site to site it should not
ii) double leaf gate3);
be assumed to be exhaustive in its listings.
2) type of hinge:
A.2 Site conditions
(i) top: plate and pin;
The following items will typically need to be
specified. block and band;
a) Line and length of fence. (ii) bottom: heel and socket;
b) Height of fence. plate and pin;
c) Type of fence. 3) foundations: size and post embedment
d) Site preparation: depth.
1) site clearance; Appendix B Steel components and
2) cutting or filling of ground level; protective treatment
3) ground sloping conditions (see Appendix E). B.1 Materials
e) Ground conditions. If steel posts are constructed from standard sections
NOTE The requirements for the lengths of posts and struts they shall comply with the following standards. If
in this standard and foundation sizes have been related to
normal ground conditions. If the ground is particularly firm or special sections, they shall be designed by a
soft it may be necessary to modify the specified lengths or qualified engineer.
foundation sizes.
Rolled steel angle BS 4848-4 and
f) Number and position of any gates. (RSA) BS EN 10025 (Grade
A.3 Construction of fence Fe 360c) or angle re-rolled
The following items will typically need to be from railway lines.
specified. Rectangular hollow BS 4848-2 and
a) Type of infill: sections (RHS) BS EN 10025 (Grade
1) expanded metal, welded mesh or other; Fe 430c)
2) mesh size; Circular hollow BS 4848-2 and
sections (CHS) BS EN 10025 (Grade
3) type of protective treatment.
Fe 430c)
b) Topping:
Rolled steel joists BS 4-1 and BS EN 10025
1) barbed wire; (RSJ) (Grade Fe 360c)
2) barbed tape;
Universal column BS 4-1 and BS EN 10025
3) rotating vanes. (Grade Fe 360c)
c) Posts:
B.2 Protective treatment
1) material of posts:
B.2.1 Steel components shall be protected against
i) steel;
corrosion by hot dip galvanizing in accordance with
ii) other materials; BS 729.
3)
For all gates over 2 m wide.
© BSI 07-1999 9
BS 1722-14:1992
Hollow section posts shall be fitted with steel or Example:

plastics caps to prevent ingress of water. fence: 3 m high
All rust, loose scale, oil and dirt shall be removed post centres: 2.4 m
from all surfaces before treatment.
solidity: 20 %
Small areas of galvanized coating damage by
post area: 0.04 m2
welding, cutting or by excessively rough treatment
during transit and erection shall be renovated round members:
either by the use of low melting point zinc alloy therefore,
repair rods or powders made specifically for this 900 × 1.02 {(0.20 × 7.2) + 0.04}
purpose, or by the use of at least two coats of good UDL = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.2
quality zinc-rich paint (see, for example, BS 4652). 2
Sufficient material shall be applied to provide a zinc = 188.7 N/m
coating at least equal in thickness to the original
layer. Appendix D Test methods
NOTE 1 The maximum size of the areas for which such repairs
are acceptable will depend, to some extent, on the article and the D.1 Method 1. Horizontal testing
application but for general guidance an area of 430 mm2 is NOTE The posts can be either clamped to a solid support or cast
suggested as being suitable. in concrete blocks which are clamped to floor.
NOTE 2 It is sometimes required to provide a plastics finish to
steel components and mesh. Reference should be made to D.1.1 Preparations are as follows.
BS 1722-164). a) Cast fencing posts in concrete blocks, depth
B.2.2 Wire shall be galvanized in accordance with being dependent on post length (750 mm
BS 443. to 1 050 mm).
B.2.3 Wire shall be plastics coated in accordance Ensure that the concrete is not leaner, by mass,
with BS 4102. than one part cement to 10 parts of graded
aggregate of not more than 40 mm nominal
Appendix C Calculation of wind forces maximum size, mixed with minimum requisite
quantity of clean water or ensure the concrete
Drag coefficients of fences are given in Table 4.
complies with grade C10 of BS 5328.
Uniformly distributed load (UDL) on fence
Remove shuttering 7 days after casting and
= fasten down four posts to strong floor at the
dynamic pressure × CD required centres (see Figure 1).
{----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( solidity × panel area ) + post area }- NOTE It is permissible for the posts to be clamped direct to
panel area solid supports.
NOTE The dynamic pressure can be taken as 900 N/m2.

b) Fasten mesh to the topside of the posts in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
c) Position dial gauges or transducers on the posts
and mesh in the centre of the test panel.
Table 4 — Drag coefficients of fences (CD) (force normal to fence)
a
Solidity % 5 10 20 30 50
CD flat members (e.g. flat bars) 1.90 1.80 1.60 1.50 1.30
CD round members (e.g. welded wire mesh) 1.15 1.10 1.02 1.00 0.96
CD diamond members (e.g. expanded metal) 1.33 1.30 1.26 1.24 1.22
a
Solidity % is the percentage of fence infill area which is solid and thus provides wind resistance.
4)
In preparation.
10 © BSI 07-1999
© BSI 07-1999
BS 1722-14:1992
Dimensions are in millimetres
NOTE Concrete blocks are illustrated. Clamping of posts direct to solid supports is acceptable.
Figure 1 — Method 1. Test rig: horizontal testing of fence system
11
BS 1722-14:1992
D.1.2 The test procedure for positive wind and D.2.2 The test procedure is as follows.
personnel loading is as follows. a) Take datum deflection readings.
a) Take unloaded deflection readings and then b) Place the air bags in position and
load the mesh with dead weights to the required pneumatically load them to the equivalent wind
uniform wind loading pressure. pressure. Take deflection readings after 15 min.
b) Read the gauges 15 min after loading. c) Remove the load and take further deflection
c) Unload the wind loading and read the readings.
gauges 15 min after unloading. d) Reverse the fence system and repeat a) to c).
d) Apply a line load equivalent to personnel e) Apply personnel loading by means of load cells
loading using dead weights. applied to timber pads 300 mm square. Take
e) Read the gauges 15 min after loading. deflection readings after 15 min.
f) Unload the line loading and read the f) Remove the load and take deflection readings.
gauges 15 min after unloading. D.2.3 At no time during the tests shall the fence
D.1.3 The test procedure for negative wind and fence height
personnel loading is as follows. system deflect greater than --------------------------------- and it shall
10
a) Strip the mesh from the posts, turn the posts fence height
through 180°, secure them to a strong floor, and recover or be easily rectified on site to --------------------------------- .
50
refasten the mesh to lowerside of the posts.
b) Position the dial gauges and repeat D.1.2. Appendix E Ground sloping
D.1.4 At no time during the tests shall the fence conditions
fence height Ground sloping conditions as illustrated in Figure 3
system deflect greater than --------------------------------- and it shall
10 to Figure 6.
fence height
recover or be easily rectified on site to --------------------------------- .
50
D.2 Method 2. Vertical testing
D.2.1 Preparations are as follows.
a) Either cut posts to length as illustrated and
provide a plate welded to the base or otherwise
support them so that they cantilever from ground
level. (See Figure 2.)
b) Erect the fence on the channel frame or other
base.
12 © BSI 07-1999
13 © BSI 07-1999
Figure 2 — Method 2. Test rig: vertical testing of fence system
BS 1722-14:1992
14
BS 1722-14:1992
Figure 4 — Method 2. Over 20°

Figure 3 — Method 1. Up to 20°
© BSI 07-1999
© BSI 07-1999
Figure 5 — Method 3. Approximately 45°
15
BS 1722-14:1992
© BSI 07-1999 16
Figure 6 — Alternatives to Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5
BS 1722-14:1992
BS 1722-14:1992
Publication(s) referred to
BS 4, Structural steel sections.

BS 4-1, Specification for hot-rolled sections.
BS 405, Specification for uncoated expanded metal carbon steel sheets for general purposes.
BS 443, Specification for testing zinc coatings on steel wire and for quality requirements.
BS 729, Specification for hot dip galvanized coatings on iron and steel articles.
BS 1722, Fences.
BS 1722-16, Specification for organic powder coatings for use as a plastics finish to components and mesh5).
BS 4102, Specification for steel wire and wire products for fences.
BS 4652, Specification for metallic zinc-rich priming paint (organic media).
BS 4848, Specification for hot-rolled structural steel sections.
BS 4848-2, Hollow sections.
BS 4848-4, Equal and unequal angles.
BS 5135, Specification for arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels.
BS 5328, Concrete.
BS 6323, Specification for seamless and welded steel tubes for automobile, mechanical and general
engineering purposes.
BS EN 10025, Specification for hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels and their technical delivery
conditions.
CP3, Code of basic data for the design of buildings.
CP3, Chapter V Loading.
CP3-2, Wind loads.
5) In preparation.
© BSI 07-1999
BS 1722-14:
1992
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BS 1722-14-1992 Specification For Open Mesh Steel Panel Fences

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steel panel fences

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© BSI 07-1999 Amd. No. Date Comments

The following BSI references

ISBN 0 580 19493 0

2) Theservice life/durability is dependent on environmental conditions and may vary

© BSI 07-1999 iii

1.1 Scope Maintenance of the fence after erection is outside

Requirements for the performance of panel fences

Table 1 — Basic characteristics of suitable expanded metal for panel fences

BS 405 Long way of Short way of Strand Mass Solidity

Table 2 — Basic characteristics of suitable welded mesh for panel fences

Vertical mesh Horizontal mesh Vertical Horizontal Solidity

1 Maximum 2 400 General 200 50 5 7 14

2.1 Infill 2.3 Fittings

3.1 Loading 3.1.5 High security: category 3

3.1.1 Wind loading 3.3 Test requirements

Section 4. Foundations and sills

4.1 General 4.4 Concrete for post foundations and

4.3 Concrete sills

6.1 Level and line 6.2.3 Gate posts

Appendix A Specifying a panel fence 2) if steel:

Hollow section posts shall be fitted with steel or Example:

NOTE The dynamic pressure can be taken as 900 N/m2.

Figure 2 — Method 2. Test rig: vertical testing of fence system

Figure 4 — Method 2. Over 20°

Figure 6 — Alternatives to Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5

BS 4, Structural steel sections.

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing

British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of

In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the

BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and

Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments

If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing

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