Laterologs

Lecture notes
First Semester 2018
William Ampomah
Laterologs Introduction

• developed for salt-based muds

• the survey current is focused, thus providing better

vertical resolution and deeper depth of investigation.

• minimizes highly resistive adjacent bed effects

• borehole and bed thickness effects are negligible and

often ignored.
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Resistivity Logs Classification
Flushed Shallow Medium Deep Years Name Comments
Zone 0.5-1.5 ft 1.5-3 ft 3+ ft
1-6 in.

16” Normal 64” Normal 18’ Lateral up to ES, EL obsolete

1955

Fresh Microlog 16”Normal 1955-80 IES, IEL Obsolete

Mud (ML) Induction
Minilog Spherically (6FF40) 1970-85 ISF Obsolete
Rmf>2Rw Focused

Or Proximity LL8/Short 1965 DIL-LL8, Obsolete

(PL) Guard DIFL,
Rt<200 Medium Deep DISG
Spherically Induction Induction
Focused 1975 DIL-SFL Current

Spherically Medium Deep

Focused Phasor Phasor 1985 Phasor Current
Induction Induction

Array Induction Tool 1990 AIT Current

Salt Micro- Laterolog-7 1955-80 LL7, LL3, Obsolete

Mud laterolog Laterolog-3 / guard
(MLL) Guard
Rmf<2Rw
MLL Shallow Deep DLL-MLL
Or Laterolog Laterolog 1972 current
MSFL (LLS) (LLD) DLL-
Rt>200 MSFL
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 Laterologs Types

Guard Electrode System

• three electrode system

• focusing current from guard

electrodes, A1and A2,
maintains zero voltage
between Ao and A1 - A2.

• Tradenames: Guard Log, LL3

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 Laterologs Types

Point Electrode System

• 7 to 9 electrodes
• focusing current
adjusted to maintain
zero voltage across the
moniter electrodes, M.
• Tradenames: LL7, LL8

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Resistivity Logs Classification
Flushed Shallow Medium Deep Years Name Comments
Zone 0.5-1.5 ft 1.5-3 ft 3+ ft
1-6 in.

16” Normal 64” Normal 18’ Lateral up to ES, EL obsolete

1955

Fresh Microlog 16”Normal 1955-80 IES, IEL Obsolete

Mud (ML) Induction
Minilog Spherically (6FF40) 1970-85 ISF Obsolete
Rmf>2Rw Focused

Or Proximity LL8/Short 1965 DIL-LL8, Obsolete

(PL) Guard DIFL,
Rt<200 Medium Deep DISG
Spherically Induction Induction
Focused 1975 DIL-SFL Current

Spherically Medium Deep

Focused Phasor Phasor 1985 Phasor Current
Induction Induction

Array Induction Tool 1990 AIT Current

Salt Micro- Laterolog-7 1955-80 LL7, LL3, Obsolete

Mud laterolog Laterolog-3 / guard
(MLL) Guard
Rmf<2Rw
MLL Shallow Deep DLL-MLL
Or Laterolog Laterolog 1972 current
MSFL (LLS) (LLD) DLL-
Rt>200 MSFL
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 Laterologs Types
Schematic diagram of the DLL-Rxo tool

Current flow path for LLD and LLS

Dual laterolog (LLS/LLD) - obtained by

using currents at different frequencies.
shallow and deep curves
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Laterologs Theory

R a  J m R m  J mc R mc  J xo R xo  J i R i  J t R  J s R s
n
where  J i  1
i =1

J is the integrated pseudogeometric factor

J = f(tool type, di)

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 Laterologs Theory

Integrated geometrical factor

50% of signal contribution from a depth of:

8” MSFL
25” LLS
>80” LLD

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Laterologs Application

• Numerous factors influence the apparent resistivity measurement:

– borehole effects (Rm, Rmc, dH, hmc)
– adjacent beds (h, Rs)
– invaded zone (di, Ri, Rxo)
– uninvaded zone (Rt)

• Charts have been developed using math simulations to correct for these
effects. Corrections are sequenced!

Borehole

Adjacent bed

Invasion

True formation resistivity

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Laterologs Invasion

Assume a step profile of invasion

Assumed di Rt

R
Rxo LLd
LLs
msfl
d
Analytical solution
(R a ' ' ) LLD  J xo (di ) R xo  (1  J xo (di )) * R t
(R a ' ' ) LLS  J xo '(di ) R xo  (1  J xo ' (di )) * R t
(R a ' ' ) MSFL  J xo ' '(di ) R xo  (1  J xo ' '(di ) ) * R t

- three unknowns: di, Rxo, Rt

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Laterologs
Invasion

Tornado Chart for

Dual-Laterolog-Rxo Device
(Schlumberger)

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Laterologs
Example

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Laterologs
Example

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Resistivity Logs References

Bassiouni, Z: Theory, Measurement, and Interpretation of Well Logs, SPE Textbook

Series, Vol. 4, (1994)
Chapter 5

Schlumberger, Log Interpretation Charts, Houston, TX (1995)

Western Atlas, Log Interpretation Charts, Houston, TX (1992)

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