DT Presentation Dhrumil PDF

DESIGN TECHNOLOGY
IGCSE COURSEWORK: 2016-17

Candidate Name- DHRUMIL SANJAY GOGRI
Candidate Number- 0018
Centre Number- IN102
Page 1
Dhrumil Gogri- Kreativitta
Page 2
Design Problem
Design Problem
Students face numerous issues with
Students face numerous
their existing issues
study with their
tables. Theyexisting
need study
to tables.
manage Theybooks
need toand
manage books and
portable
PCs/tablets
portable on on
PCs/tablets one
onetable, which
table, which is quite
is quite irritating.
inconvenient. Every
Every period period
books need books
to be
need to be changed, and waste needs to be dumped, shelves and dustbins
changed, and waste such as pencil shavings and waste paper needs to be dumped. Shelves , dustbins
are not that accessible as well and they occupy space as well.
are not that accessible and they occupy space as well. Having sticky notes all around looks shabby as
Children
well. usually
The shape likeare
of the tables toalso
doodle on
not very their tables,
comfortable but
to study on. while
Also thedoing so they
simple wooden
spoil the tables and the material. Some people suffer from neck aches
surfaces are not able to give a good learning experience and is boring too.
after reading a book on the flat surface of the table for a long time.
Page 3
DESIGN BRIEF
For such a problem, a table need to be made with

various features that makes learning more
interesting and comfortable for the user. Thus, I’m
going to design and make a table named
‘Kreativitta’. It is a table which is ergonomically
designed for the user’s comfort with a strong and
durable material that consists of all features a
regular student would require on a single surface,
therefore making it a very interactive table. The
design would be inspired by a famous character
from the gaming world.
Page 4
Section Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
DESIGN TOPIC &
NAME
PREPARATION
RESEARCH AND
ANALYSIS
QESTIONNAIRE
SPECIFICATION
DEVELOPMENT OF
IDEA
PRTOTYPING
TESTING &
EVALUATION
Page 5
RESEARCH STARTING
POINT
Page 6
Mind mapping
Page 7
MOOD
BOARD
Page 8
Page 9
QUESTIONNAIRE
Page 10
Page 11
Questionnaire Graphs
ADEQUATE STORAGE IN CURRENT

2) PEOPLE WHO WISH TO HAVE
A LAPTOP STAND ATTACHED
TABLE
1) NO
10%
NO
YES
90%
30%
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
YES YES
NO
70%
Page 12
6)
BOOK SHELF ATTACHED
YES
NO
0
2
4
6 Page 13
8 Dhrumil Gogri- Kreativitta
Attached dustbin
10)
YES
NO
Page 14
Questionnaire analysis
Page 15
RESEARCH ON
EXISTING PRODUCTS
PRODUCT 1
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES Good amount of storage.
 Strong.
Saves space
Good ergonomics and comfortable
DISADVANTAGES
 Storage is not very accessible.
 Smaller working surface.
Page 16
EVALUATION OF PRODUCT 1
Size This product is good for only one person to work
with.
Material and Plywood with veneers Stainless steel. Plastic. This is
manufacturing dye casted.
techniques
Function Single seat classroom chair with a tablet
Safety The edges of the table are curved and thus safe for the
user. The material is also non toxic thus non-hazardous
to children.
Environment Can be used in class rooms or work rooms.
Target group High school and collage students.

14-18 years old or working people.
Cost Comparatively more expensive.
Aesthetics The shape is quite eye-catching however the use of

colours is quite limited.
Specialty/ Compact because a chair, table and storage are existing

Uniqueness within a single body.
Page 17
PRODUCT 2
ADVANTAGES
 Foldable
 Lightweight
 Inclined for good ergonomics
DISADVANTAGES
 Comparatively less storage space
 Not that strong
 Dimensions: length=68.5cm
breadth=117cm height=66.5-90cm
Page 18
with.
Material and Stainless steel and laminated hardwood.
manufacturing
techniques
Function Ergonomic table(inclined)
Safety Straight edged which is not very safe for children.
Environment Classrooms and offices.
Target group All age groups
Cost Relatively cheap.
Aesthetics Not aesthetically pleasing due limited use of colors and a

common shape.
Specialty/ Lightweight and foldable which makes it portable and

Uniqueness compact surface is inclined for adjustable comfort in
reading and writing. Page 19
PRODUCT 3
ADVANTAGES
 Lot of storage space
 Strong
 Aesthetically pleasing
DISADVANTAGES
 Not that user friendly(shelves difficult
to access)
 Not space saving or portable.
 Expensive to manufacture.
Page 20
with.
Material and Manufactured board such as plywood, plastic and
manufacturing natural hardwood.
techniques
Function Complete study area
Environment Mostly for home furniture or home study
Target group All age groups
Cost Costly to make
Aesthetics Good color combination adds to the aesthetics
Specialty/ Strong and a lot of storage space.

Uniqueness Page 21
ADVANTAGES
 Strong
PRODUCT 4  Larger working surface
DISADVANTAGES
 Not very user friendly
 Heavy, so less mobility
and portability.
 Wastage of natural
material.
Dimensions- length=28inch,
breadth=51inch and
height=30inch
Target group- School

classrooms or teaching areas.
Page 22
Size This product is good for only one to two people max.
to work with.
Material and Only natural wood and plated steel.
manufacturing
techniques
Function Simple study table
Environment Classrooms only
Target group Student crowd.
Cost Costly to make.
Aesthetics Common shape and no colour combination.
Specialty/ Very stable to use, also durable.

Uniqueness
Page 23
PRODUCT 5
ADVANTAGES
 Strong
 More storage
 Accessible storage.
DISADVANTAGES
 No mobility
 Not that user friendly
 Less comfort.
Page 24
Size This product is good for more than 2 people to work

with.
Material and Only natural wood and Aluminum.
manufacturing
techniques
Function Storage rack and study bench.
Environment Classrooms or outdoor areas group study.
Target group Student crowd
Cost Relatively cheap
Aesthetics Common shape and no color combination.
Specialty/ Very stable to use, also durable also a good amount of

Uniqueness storage space.
Page 25
MATERIAL ANALYSIS
The prime materials that I will focus on for my
project are WOOD, METAL & PLASTIC.
I will be doing a critical and in depth analysis
of the three materials in terms of their pros
and cons, properties, uses, characteristics
and types.
Page 26
WOOD
Natural
Artificial
HARD SOFT PLYWOOD

Uses- Uses- Uses-
Sports equipment, wooden Bench tops, furniture and Sheds and cladding.
ladders, tool handles. cabinets.
Advantages-
Advantages- Advantages- Available in various
Easy to maintain and Lightweight, lot easier to work shapes and sizes,
clean, more durable. with than hardwoods, absorb strong, resistance to
Disadvantages- finishes. fungal attack
Relatively expensive, hard Disadvantages- Disadvantages-
to work on comparatively. they break more easily and porous and susceptible
wear more quickly, accept to water damage
stains easily. Page 27
METALS
Ferrous Non- Ferrous
Examples: Examples:
Mild steel, Stainless steel, Tool steel. Aluminum, Copper, Zinc, Lead.
Uses: Uses:
Kitchen sinks, Chisels, Cutlery, and Car and aircraft bodies, Soft drink
Construction purposes. cans, Packaging and Roof
coverings.
Advantages-
High strength, very durable and Advantages-
easier to work on, Recyclable Wide range of mechanical
properties, easy to fabricate, do not
Disadvantages- corrode.
Prone to corrosion, more energy Disadvantages-
required to change shape. Not as strong, expensive.
Page 28
Thermo setting plastics
Thermo plastics (Can remold) (Cant Remold)
Examples- Examples-
Polyethylene, polypropylene, Epoxy Resin, Polyester
polyvinyl chloride, Resin, Phenol formaldehyde
polystyrene, acrylic. Uses-
Printing circuit boards, car
Advantages- bodies, electrical fittings.
High strength, lightweight, Advantages-
low processing costs, no
fungal attack threat.
Disadvantages-
Poor resistance to organic
solvents, gets fractured when
exposed to high level stress.
Page 29
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
Wood:
Wood products are produced from trees which are essential to support
life since it produces oxygen. If excessive wood is produced and less
trees exist then it causes an increment in carbon-dioxide levels which
increase the average atmospheric temperature of the Earth (Global
Warming). However, wood products also store carbon, reducing the
amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
Metal:
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and also the
most used metal in the school’s DT lab. Other metals such as steel is
also used in the lab. These metals, if not recycled then it is a widespread
contaminant in soils that can affect agriculture. Moreover, it might
contaminate the water and affect the marine life as well, further
affecting humans that consume these aquatic animals. Therefore, the
entire ecosystem is affected. Aluminum lessens the activity and
metabolism of gill proteins critical in the dynamic take-up of ions.
Plastic: Almost all the plastics are non-biodegradable. For example

Acrylic, it contains ‘VOC’ (Volatile Organic Compounds) which convert
into a deadly greenhouse gas if not disposed well. Green house gases
cause global warming. Moreover, animals get choked and die if they
consume any plastic by mistake. Page 30
ERGONOMICS
Page 31
These are a few problems faced by most of the users.
The pictures show the certain problems when working
on a table. These issues will certainly bring about unsafe
health issues which can all be explained by utilising an
ergonomic table. My table will attempt to take care of
the vast majority of the issues expressed in the photo
and make the table more easy to use.
As my product targets schools and classrooms the

students need to use a comfortable desk which is not
hazardous in any way. I will be analysing these problems
in the upcoming slides. The main objective for this slide
is to make my table more comfortable for the usage of
laptop and the better accessibility of the table features.
Page 32
Measurements
(average of my class)
WHOLE ARM TOTAL LENGTH
HIEGHT SIZE FROM GROUNG I will consider these
(cm) (cm) WHILE SITTING (cm) readings while making
the length of the table.
173 77 133
175 79 132 AVERAGE HEIGHT:
178 79 130 169.2
170 78 129 AVERAGE ARM
164 64 126 SIZE:69.8
150 47 115 TOTAL LENGTH FROM
GROUND WHILE
155 53 118
SITTING:121.8
181 80 138
150 42 115
167 69 123
165 65 125 Page 33
MANUFACTURING
TECHNIQUES
Cutting tools:
Page 34
BAND SAW
SCROLL SAW: It
is used for
a saw consisting of an
cutting plastic COPING SAW:
endless moving steel belt
and wood in an This tool is used
with a serrated edge.
accurate way. usually in wood. It
Uses reciprocator motion.
is used to make
curves and is a
very delicate
material

Page 35
Shaping-Tools
CHISELS
It is a hand tool with a bevel
cutting edge. It used to shape, cut
and remove waste from wood,
metals and plastics.
Files & Abrasive paper

Consist of hundreds of small teeth
made of metal which are used to
smooth and shape surfaces by
dragging and pressing it against
metals , woods and plastics. Sand
paper is rubbed against the
surface to make it smooth.
Page 36
I have used Google SketchUp to
design my product. It’s a computer
aided design software which
enabled me to get a 3D look at my
product. It is also compatible with
3D printers which can form an
accurate model of my design.
Industrial laser
cutters are used mostly to cut flat
sheet material or structural or
piping metals.
I have also used a laser printer for
cutting small parts made of MDF.
Page 37
Joinery
Page 38
Finishing techniques
Epoxy Resin:
It gives a very aesthetic
and glossy finish. However,
it is expensive.
Varnish:
Resin dissolved in a liquid
for applying on wood,
metal, or other materials to
form a hard, clear, shiny
surface when dry.
Paint:
Easy to sand when dry for
a smooth finish coat
Page 39
ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
• After my research I have found that users prefer a working surface which is
comfortable and interactive.
• People show interest in theme based products.
• Users want a product which enables easy management of work material such
as laptop and books.
• Most tables with various features are being used by students of the senior
grade.
• Therefore, my table should be comfortable (ergonomically pleasing), theme
based and interactive.
• After the research on ergonomics the average height of a student while sitting
is 121.8cm.
Page 40
ANALYSIS OF MANUFACTURE
• After my research on materials, I have decided to use plywood and flex –ply for my
table in order to give an elliptical shape
• I will be using the following tools and techniques for the

following purposes:
1) Pencil and steel rule- marking
2) Tenon saw- cutting
3) Measuring tape- measuring
4) Hammering and screwdrivers- joinery
5) Screws and nails- joinery
6) Files and sand paper- shaping
7) Paint- finishing
Page 41
SPECIFICATIONS
Interactive:
Main Features:
The table has several
• Theme based surfaces for user. features, all being
• Interactive very accessible and
• Special ergonomic features for useful.
the user’s comfort
Theme based surface:

Ergonomic feature:
Themes for children is used
The table has been made in
so that studies does not
such a way that the users
become monotonous. Used
have better access to the
PAC MAN as a theme.
features and can rest their
hands comfortably.
Page 42
Other:
• Table in shape of an ellipse.
• Curved edges for safety
• Cost: 2500-3000 Indian rupees
• Made within 17 weeks.
• Made from plywood and flex ply.
• Weight- 15kg maximum.
• Durable and strong enough to hold a laptop and several study material
• Long life expectancy, and resistance to insect and fungal attack.
Page 43
TARGET
• My main target is towards the schools
and tuition centers or any academic
related centers.
FUNCTION
• Fold ability (legs are foldable)
• Ergonomically pleasing (Place to rest
user’s hands and read without neck
pains)
• Supports laptops and inbuilt shelves,
dustbin, stapler and plug point
access.
SIZE
WEIGHT
• Lightweight to help with easy
movement of table
DURABILITY
• Using manufactured boards(very
durable).
• Resistance to fungus and insects or
external conditions.
AESTHETICS
Very eye-catching due to its appealing
theme(Pac-man) and painting.Page 44
REquiREd FuncTionS oF
TAbLES
• Theme based for a better learning experience and aesthetics.
• comfort.
• It must have an ergonomically pleasing design for the user’s

• Interactive design with several features beneficial for the user. It should also
student friendly.

Page 45
TABLE TOP
IDEA 1
This idea is aesthetically pleasing as it

possesses the theme and shape of a snake.
This makes it student friendly as it has a
Stationary stationary holder as well. However the
holder storage space is not that accessible and it
does not contain several features like a
laptop stand or dustbin. The edges are also
not that curved which is not very safe.
Storage
Page 46
EVALUATION OF IDEA 1
FUNCTION 6/10(not so interactive)
SIZE (Bit compact) 7/10
DURABILITY 8/10
SAFETY (Less Curved edges) 6/10
AESTHETHICS (graphics) 9/10
COST ( not very expensive) 8/10
STRENGHT/ 8/10
STABILITY
Page 47
IDEA 2
Laptop This idea is not very student friendly as it

holder does not possess any themes. However, it
quite interactive as it has a place for
Table
Storage managing a laptop and a bit aesthetically
top
pleasing as well. The table is foldable which
makes it compact. However, the storage is
not very accessible and as the table is
Support foldable, it’s not very strong. The edges are
not that curved too which is not safe.
Hinge for
fold
ability
Page 48
FUNCTION 7/10(quite interactive)
SIZE (compact) 8/10
DURABILITY 7/10
AESTHETHICS (graphics) 6/10
STRENGHT/ 7/10
STABILITY
Page 49
IDEA 3
This table has the theme of ‘Pac-man’

Laptop stand which makes it student friendly. It also
Dustbin
has features such as a plug point, laptop
Stationary stand and a dustbin which are quite
Table top
holder accessible. This makes it very interactive
Hinges also. Due to the shape of the theme it
has curved edges which is very safe.
Furthermore, lot of storage space is
available which is accessible too.
Plug Door Therefore, the table serves all the
point purposes of my project and is ideal.
Storage
Page 50
FUNCTION 9/10(very interactive)
SIZE (quite compact) 7/10
DURABILITY 8/10
AESTHETHICS (theme) 9/10
STRENGHT/ 9/10
STABILITY
Page 51
IDEA 4
This concept is based on the

Storage
theme- twin towers. It has got a
very large storage space and also
TABLE TOP
has a good aesthetic appeal. The
dustbin attached to the bottom is
not very accessible. The racks are
also a bit difficult to access.
Dustbin
Furthermore, it does not have very
safe edges but it is very stable to
use, though there are not many
features to make it interactive.
Page 52
DURABILITY 7/10
STRENGHT/ 9/10
STABILITY
Page 53
IDEA 5
This concept does not have much

aesthetics and does not have a
TABLE TOP
special theme to it. Moreover, there
Extra work
are not many features such as a
station dustbin or a book rack attached to
it. However, its shape allows the
management of a laptop and books
in an efficient way.
Legs
Page 54
DURABILITY 8/10
STRENGHT/ 8/10
STABILITY
Page 55
Overall Evaluation of Ideas
Chosen
concept
CONCEPT 1 CONCEPT 2 CONCEPT 3
Ergonomic
features(comfort) 7/10 9/10 9/10
Aesthetics(Theme)
9/10 5/10 10/10
Weight
8/10 7/10 7/10
Interactivity
8/10 6/10 9/10
Page 56
Development of ideas
75cm
32cm
Page 57
Development of chosen Idea (3)
Note: I have also added a stool for a

more compact design and for the
user’s needs
Page 58
FINAL MODEL (CAD)
Page 59
Different views and major dimensions
54cm
37cm
35cm
1.25cm
125cm 35cm
75cm
60cm
9cm
45cm Page 60
Orthographic view of a laser printed feature- Dustbin
Page 61
CAD Representation of product in use
Page 62
MAKING OF MOCK-UP MODEL
The mock-up model has been made using cardboard, cutters and a
glue gun. I have scaled down the dimensions.
Page 63
FINAL PRODUCT ANALYSIS
This product has been made after careful analysis of the research I
have done in various sections. My product has been made according to
the specifications stated: It has an attractive theme based surface, it
consist of special ergonomic features such as a hand rest which allows
comfort while working, there are also student friendly features such as:
an easily accessible laptop stand, stationary holder, dustbin and an
easy accessible storage space. No additional legs were required as the
storage area also acts a strong support and keeps the table stable,
along with a large working surface.

Page 64
STEP- 3
PRODUCTION PLAN
With the help of a tenon saw, a junior
hack saw, and coping saw cut out the
STEP- 1 marked parts. Before cutting, mark
the lines with a marking knife for
Brainstorming and sketching. better cutting.
After that, making a mock-up
model using card. Then, forming
a 3D view of the product using
Google Sketch-up to get an idea
of what my project will look like
and to correct mistakes which
could be created while making it
manually.
STEP- 2
Using a pencil and ruler I marked

out the major dimensions( ) of my
product on the large sheet of
plywood.
Page 65
STEP -4
Making a 2D design
(orthographic) of a few features
such as the detachable dustbin,
the laptop stand and stationary
holder.
STEP -5
Printing the orthographic sketches

using a laser cutter which cuts
MDF and Acrylic. Use line bending
to shape the acrylic.
STEP -6
Using files and abrasive paper to

shape the products followed by
finishing using paint and polish. Page 66
Safety hazards & Precautions
• The wood dust can harm the eyes, wear

lab goggles and coat.
• The tenon saw is sharp and can injure
the hand, one should be careful while
working.
• Paint is toxic, face mask to be worn
• Metal can be hot while working, use
rubber gloves.
Page 67
Prototyping ( Diary of making)
• The full scale model is made of the following materials: Marine Plywood, Flexible Plywood, and
Acrylic.
• The process involved the following steps
1) Finalizing the idea
2) Marking and measuring major dimensions of existing tables and marking new dimensions for my
product using marking and measuring tools, example- Pencil, steel rule, and measuring tape.
Page 68
3) Creating a CAD model in order to get an outlook of the upcoming product.
4) Cutting major dimensions using tenon saw, junior hack saw and coping saw. Though for the first time
it was not accurate and the basic cutting process failed. The second time I attempted to cut was much
more accurate and the process was successful. Jr. Hack saw was used for cutting acrylic. I made a
laptop stand by cutting a slot in the front of the table. First a hole is drilled in the marked slot and then a
coping saw blade is inserted.
5) Then I used screws and screwdrivers to join the shelf to the table. The various parts were also joined
using small nails. Hinges have also been used to create the mechanism of the door and is fastened by a
screwdriver.
Page 69
6) I have then used abrasive paper and
smooth files such as flat file to give a fine
shape to my product and make the edges
smooth.
7) After obtaining the basic shape of the

product I painted my product with yellow paint
and also used colored acrylic sheets. Line
bending was used while making primary
features such as dustbin and stationary holder
made of acrylic. This enhanced the aesthetic
value of my product.
Page 70
MODIFICATIONS
• While manufacturing my product I also added

a stool to the table which is perfectly fitting
into the shape of the table, which makes the
entire set a compact product.
• I have made the graphics of the product even

better by using a better colour combination.
• The laptop stand was made even more

accessible.
Page 71
PROPOSED
MODIFICATIONS
Night study lamp would be good
More
compartments
could be added
Wheels could have

given better mobility
Page 72
Page 73
TESTING & EVALUATION
 Testing of the full scale model was done in the Design Technology
lab.
 The testing was done by students of the school.
 Evaluation was based on the comfort, interactivity of the table and

the accessibility of the features.
 The students who tested the product were very impressed by the
design of the table and wanted to have it in their classrooms as
well. They were very happy with the way the table was having a
hand rest and the way a laptop stand can give rise to a more
organised study time.
 The graphics of the product also caught the attention of the users.
Page 74
PRODUCT IN USE
Page 75
Page 76

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DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

IGCSE COURSEWORK: 2016-17

For such a problem, a table need to be made with

ADEQUATE STORAGE IN CURRENT

BOOK SHELF ATTACHED

Environment Can be used in class rooms or work rooms.

Target group High school and collage students.

Aesthetics The shape is quite eye-catching however the use of

Specialty/ Compact because a chair, table and storage are existing

Safety Straight edged which is not very safe for children.

Environment Classrooms and offices.

Target group All age groups

Cost Relatively cheap.

Aesthetics Not aesthetically pleasing due limited use of colors and a

Specialty/ Lightweight and foldable which makes it portable and

Safety Straight edged which is not very safe for children.

Environment Mostly for home furniture or home study

Target group All age groups

Cost Costly to make

Aesthetics Good color combination adds to the aesthetics

Specialty/ Strong and a lot of storage space.

Target group- School

Safety Straight edged which is not very safe for children.

Environment Classrooms only

Target group Student crowd.

Cost Costly to make.

Aesthetics Common shape and no colour combination.

Specialty/ Very stable to use, also durable.

Size This product is good for more than 2 people to work

Safety Straight edged which is not very safe for children.

Environment Classrooms or outdoor areas group study.

Target group Student crowd

Cost Relatively cheap

Aesthetics Common shape and no color combination.

Specialty/ Very stable to use, also durable also a good amount of

HARD SOFT PLYWOOD

Plastic: Almost all the plastics are non-biodegradable. For example

As my product targets schools and classrooms the

Dhrumil Gogri- Kreativitta

Files & Abrasive paper

• I will be using the following tools and techniques for the

Theme based surface:

• Table in shape of an ellipse.

• Curved edges for safety

• Cost: 2500-3000 Indian rupees

• Made within 17 weeks.

• Made from plywood and flex ply.

• Weight- 15kg maximum.

• Long life expectancy, and resistance to insect and fungal attack.

• It must have an ergonomically pleasing design for the user’s

Dhrumil Gogri- Kreativitta

This idea is aesthetically pleasing as it

FUNCTION 6/10(not so interactive)

SIZE (Bit compact) 7/10

SAFETY (Less Curved edges) 6/10

AESTHETHICS (graphics) 9/10

COST ( not very expensive) 8/10

Laptop This idea is not very student friendly as it

FUNCTION 7/10(quite interactive)

SIZE (compact) 8/10

SAFETY (Less Curved edges) 7/10

AESTHETHICS (graphics) 6/10