Ex/MET/224/95/2012

BACHELOR OF E NGINEERING IN METALLURGICAL

ENGINEERING E XAMINATION , 2012
( 2nd Year, 2nd Semester )
THERMODYNAMICS OF MATERIALS
Time : Three Hours Full Marks - 100

Answer Q. No.1 and any Four from the rest

1. i) For 5 moles of a ternary solution i-j-k, find whether the

following statements are TRUE or FALSE :

a) ( )
G ′ : f p , T , ni , n j , nk
b) G : f ( p,T,x i ,x j , x k )

(Short explanations are necessary) 3

ii) Consider that

S′ = f (U ′, V′ , n1, n 2 , n 3 )

Find what the derivative  ∂ S′  is equal to?

 ∂U ′  v ′, n , n
1 2 ,n 3

2
iii) Comment on the following statement :

"In the free expansion of an ideal gas, there is no

difference between an isothermal and an adiabatic
path. 3

iv) Define the chemical potential µi in terms of the total

internal energy U′. 2
[ Turn over
 - 2 - - 5 -

v) Find the Carbon potential of a 60% CO-40% CO2 6. Oxygen is passed through a bed of carbon in such a way that
mixture at 800 K and 1 atm total pressure. Will the the gases leaving the carbon are in equilibrium with it at a
Carbon potential change if the total pressure is temperature of 1700 K. This gas is then rapidly cooled to
changed. 4 1130 K, when it comes in contact with a catalyst capable of

vi) Write three statements of the 2nd law of bringing the gas to the equilibrium composition. pt = 1 atm

thermodynamics giving the criterion of 'impossibility'.3 throughout.

Calculate the po2 in the gas at 1700 and 1130 K. 15
vii) Explain how the phase transformation,
H2O( U) = H2 O(v) , can take place
Data (assorted)
a) reversibly
i)
b) irreversibly 4
ii)
viii) Prove that for a small deviation from ideal gas
iii)
behavior,
iv)
f p v)
; ,
p p id vi)
f being the fugacity of the real gas. 4 vii)
viii)
 ∂H  =  ∂U  ix)
ix) Prove that  . 2
∂ S  p  ∂S  v
x)
x) Prove that the mixing of two pure components A and
B to form a A − B ideal solution is a spontaneous
process. 3

xi) If the standard free energy change for the reaction

A = 2B is expressed as
 - 4 - - 3 -

a) the adiabatic flame temperature ∆G o = −40 + 0 ⋅ 05TKJ/mol ⋅ k

b) the po2 in the resulting combustion gas. 15
and if the heat capacity CP, A
= 20 J/K.mol, find
CP, B. 2
3. A gas composed of 97% air, 3% Cl2 (pt = 1 atm) is used to
oxidize NiCl2 at 1000 K. Calculate the conversion efficiency xii) Find whether the following statements are TRUE or

for the process. 15 FALSE, giving short explanations :

a) For an ideal solution, some, not all, excess
4. A vaporization experiment involving metallic thulium (Tm) is properties are zero.
conducted at two temperatures. The experiment consists of b) For a regular solution, excess Gibbs energies are
passing argon gas slowly across a container of Tm, such that zero.
equilibrium between the liquid metal and gas phase is c) For a regular solution, excess Gibbs energies are
attained. The experiment is conducted at 2200 K and independent of temperature. 4
o
200 K. 1 mole of argon gas is used at each temperature.
xiii) Consider U = f (H, P) and write the expressions for
pt in the system is 2 atm.
a) dU,
At 2200 K, 141 gm of Tm evaporate. At 2000 K, 32
b) dU/dH and
gm evaporate. Use this data to calculate the heat of
vaporization of Tm near 2100 K, and calculate the normal  ∂U 
c)  ∂H  v
boiling point of Tm. (If required, atomic wt of Tm = 169 and
atomic wt of Ar = 36) 15  ∂U 
Also find  ∂H  for 1 mole of a monatomic ideal
v

5. Magnetic (Fe 3 O4 ) is being reduced in a fluidized bed at 1175 gas. 4

K by using CO. pt = 3 atm. The iron (austenite) produced is
to contain 1 wt% C. How many moles of CO need to be put 2. 1 mole of hydrogen and 1 mole of air are mixed at 298 K and
in the reactor per mole of Fe 3 O4 reduced? 15 burned under constant pressure and adiabatic conditions.
Calculate
[ Turn over