List of Solutions

SOLUTION TO EXERCISES 1 (40)
Uppgjord (även faktaansvarig om annan) - Prepared (also subject responsible if other) Nr - No.
ERA/GD/TP Karin Sandberg 038 15 - LZU 108 852 Uen
Dokansv/Godk - Doc respons/Approved Kontr - Checked Datum - Date Rev File
KI/ERA/LY/UXC 05/09/00 F 03815.doc
GSM SYSTEM SURVEY
LIST OF SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND GSM 3
CHAPTER 2A: OVERVIEW OF ERICSSON’S GSM SYSTEMS 5
CHAPTER 2B: OVERVIEW OF ERICSSON’S GSM SYSTEMS 7
CHAPTER 3A: WIRELESS CONCEPTS & CHAPTER 4A: CHANNEL

CONCEPTS 9
CHAPTER 3B: WIRELESS CONCEPTS & CHAPTER 4B: CHANNEL

CONCEPTS 11
CHAPTER 5: INTRODUCTION TO AXE 13
CHAPTER 6: SWITCHING SYSTEM 15
CHAPTER 7: BASE STATION SYSTEM 17
CHAPTER 8: MOBILE STATIONS 19
CHAPTER 9A: TRAFFIC CASES 23
CHAPTER 9B: TRAFFIC CASES 27
CHAPTER 10: CELL PLANNING 29
CHAPTER 11: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS 31
CHAPTER 12A: SUBSCRIBER SERVICES 33
CHAPTER 12B: SUBSCRIBER SERVICES 35

CHAPTER 13: CHARGING AND ACCOUNTING 37
APPENDIX C: CASE STUDY 39

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND

GSM
1.
1.I Down
T R A
2. N S C I E V E R 1. This type of roaming is
T one of the key benefits of
GSM. (13)
3. FR E Q U E N C I E 4.S
R W 4. This system contains the
MSC, VLR, AUC, EIR
S T A
5. N D A R D I and HLR. (9)
P
6. A 7.E T S I 6. The area controlled by
8.L O C A
one network operator
T I O N C (abbreviation). (4)
M I 9.R H
9. The BSC manages all the
N O P A G I NG
10. ______-related funcitons
of a network. (5)
C
11. N D N
DE T
12. A C H E D I G S M
13. 11. The smallest area of
defined coverage in a
L L O network. (4)
L
Across 7. Body in charge of the 12. The MS is power off and

GSM standard not connected to the
2. The “T” of BTS. (11) (abbreviation). (4) network. (8)
3. Radio ______________ 8. This is the area in which 13. The world’s most popular
carry information to and an MS is paged. (8) digital mobile standard
from MSs. (11) (abbreviation). (3)
10. This is the process of
5. This allows products from trying to contact an MS
different suppliers to be during call setup. (6)
interconnected. (8)
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CHAPTER 2A: OVERVIEW OF ERICSSON’S GSM SYSTEMS
1. Which Ericsson product is a BTS part of?
Radio Base Station (RBS)
2. What network management product is Ericsson’s OSS based on?
Telecommunications Management and Operations Support (TMOS)
3. Name any two of the most important management areas defined by TMN.
Any two from Configuration Management, Performance Management,

Fault Management.
4. What Ericsson product is used to implement a message center?
MXE
5. Briefly explain the function of the Service Order Gateway (SOG).
The Service Order Gateway (SOG) is an Ericsson product which enables

customer administration systems to exchange information with network
elements such as the HLR which contain service information.
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CHAPTER 2B: OVERVIEW OF ERICSSON’S GSM SYSTEMS
1. To act as an entrance point to a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). The

Gateway interrogates the Home Location Register (HLR) to find out which
Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC) the Mobile Station (MS) is presently
registered at and then reroutes the call to that Mobile services Switching
Centre (MSC).
2. To perform the switching functions for the mobile network.
3. The Home Location Register (HLR) contains subscriber data, including at

which Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC) the Mobile Station (MS) is
presently registered, for all subscribers belonging to this Public Land Mobile
Network (PLMN). The Visitor Location Register (VLR) contains information
about all Mobile Stations (MS) presently registered at this Mobile services
Switching Centre (MSC), regardless of whether they belong to this Public Land
Mobile Network (PLMN) or not, such as more precise information about their
location and if they are switched on or not.
4. To provide the Home Location Register (HLR) with authentication

parameters and ciphering keys.
5. A Smart Card containing information about the subscription. It is used to

separate the subscription from the Mobile Equipment (ME), the actual
telephone.
6. A) The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) B) The Home Location Register

(HLR).
7. B) The Base Station Controller (BSC) does not belong to the Switching
System.
8. A) False, the Base Station Controller (BSC) decides when to do a handover.

B) True.
9. Yes.
10. Yes, but not to more than one Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC).
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CHAPTER 3A: WIRELESS CONCEPTS & CHAPTER 4A: CHANNEL

CONCEPTS
1.
T 2.B 3.I 1. Down

4.M O D U L A T I O N 1. The access method used
M N T in GSM (abbreviation). (4)
5.L O G I 6.C A L 7.D U P L E X 2. This term describes the

amount of frequency
H W R range allocated to one
8.S H A D O W I N G L application. (9)
N D E 3. This step in the

9.A L transmission process
I G NM E N T A does not add bits, but
E H V reduces the BER. (12)
T I M ES L O T
10. U
11. I 6. It may be physical or
logical. (7)
MA P P I N G
12.
L G 11. This term describes the

direction from the MS to
13.D I V E R S I T Y the network. (6)
N
K
Across 7. The term for two-way 10. There are 8 of these on
communication. (6) one frame. (4,4)
4. GMSK is the _________
scheme used in GSM. 8. This problem is caused 12. This is the process of
(10) by obstacles on the radio placing logical channels
path. (9) onto physical channels.
5. This type of channel is (7)
carried on a physical 9. Time ________ is solved
channel. (7) by timing advance. (9) 13. Space and polarization
are two types of this. (9)
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CHAPTER 3B: WIRELESS CONCEPTS & CHAPTER 4B: CHANNEL

CONCEPTS
1. A) 890 - 915 MHz B) 935 - 960 MHz.
2. 950 MHz.
3. 905.2 MHz.
4. In Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) a single user uses a

frequency all the time, in Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) several users
share a frequency by using it in turn.
5. A) 124 B) 8 C) 4.615 D) 0.577 E) 148 F) 3.7 G) 270
6. A) One Time Slot on one carrier. B) Specific information sent on a physical

channel.
7. In GSM there are 11 logical channels. 9 of them are control channels and 2
of them are traffic channels.
8. A) 3 B) 1 C) 2
9. A) Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)

B) Paging Channel (PCH)
C) Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)
D) Synchronisation Channel (SCH)
E) Access Grant Channel (AGCH)
F) Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
10. It is too slow. The Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH) is used
instead.
11. FCCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH
12. A) 6 or 7 B) 22
13. The Mobile Station (MS) will transmit and receive at different times, thereby
eliminating the need for a duplex filter.
14. The information sent in one Time Slot.
1 5. Normal burst, Frequency correction burst, Synchronisation burst, Access

burst and Dummy burst.
16. A) 148 bit times (0.547 ms) B) 156.25 bit times (0.577 ms). The time
difference is called Guard Period.
17. It has a longer Guard Period to cater for burst transmission from a Mobile
Station (MS) that does not know the timing advance at the first access or after
a handover.
CHAPTER 5: INTRODUCTION TO AXE
1. Fill in the missing word:
The key factor in the success of AXE is modularity.
2. Complete the following:
In AXE 10, a number of subsystems comprise the Switching System called

APT and a Control System called APZ.
3. Give the full names of each of the following AXE subsystems:
CCS Common Channel signalling Subsystem
CHS CHarging Subsystem
TCS Traffic Control Subsystem
GSS Group Switching Subsystem
HRS Home location Register Subsystem
MSS Mobile Switching Subsystem
TSS Trunk and Signalling Subsystem
4. Match the most appropriate description on the right with the subsystem on
the left.
A) DTS 1) Provides maintenance functions for supervision of the

exchange
B) MDS 2) Handles all aspects of SMS
C) NMS 3) Provides trunk links to other exchanges
D) TSS 4) Assists network management by provision of statistics and

control of traffic
E) OMS 5) Provides packet mode services for ISDN traffic
F) SHS 6) Administers VLR data
A) - 5 B) - 6 C) - 4 D) - 3 E) - 1 F) - 2
5. What is meant by each of the following terms:
CP AXE central processor
RP AXE regional processor
GS AXE group switch
ECPOOL Ericsson’s echo canceller

CHAPTER 6: SWITCHING SYSTEM
1. Which are the four subsystems that turn an AXE exchange into an MSC?
A) MMS
B) MSS
C) MDS
D) SHS
2. During which type of calls is gateway functionality used?
A call to an MS.
3. Identify the nodes of a GSM network with which the HLR must
communicate?
MSC
VLR
AUC
GMSC
ILR
4. Which of the following statements are true and which are false?
• F: The ILR enables intersystem roaming between GSM and any other
mobile standard.
• T: The ILR ILR enables roaming from GSM 1900 to AMPS.
• T: The ILR is available for CMS 40 networks only.

5. What is a triplet, where is it generated and what is its purpose?
A triplet consists of: RAND, SRES and Kc. It is generated by an AUC and
is used during authentication of mobile subscribers and during
ciphering.
6. When ciphering is being performed, where does the MS get the Kc from?
The MS calculates Kc when it is calculating SRES for authentication.
7. In which order do the security functions - ciphering, authentication and

allocation of temporary identity - occur?
Authentication - Ciphering - Allocation of temporary identity
8. Identify three potential uses of an MC.
A) Voice mail
B) Fax mail
C) SMS
CHAPTER 7: BASE STATION SYSTEM
A
1. Down
D M
2. A 3.C R 4.O 5.M 1. One of the primary
A S
6. A U I functions of the TRC is
rate ____________. (10)
P T S T C
3. This is one of the types of
7.T R A N S C O D E R
network topologies
A T A O O supported by DXU. (7)
T I D O 4. The RBS 2101 and 2102

I O E 8.R 9.A T E are suitable for location
here. (7)
O N X
5. This term describes a cell
N 10.B A 11.
S E with a small coverage
area. (5)
T
A 6. The “S” of RBS. (7)
12.R B S
9. Both the BSC and TRC
are based on this
Ericsson platform. (3)
11. This is the traditional

Across 10. The “B” of BSC. (4) network topology
available with BTSs. (4)
2. This term describes a cell 12. This is Ericsson’s product
with a large coverage which implements the
area. (5) BTS functions
(abbreviation). (3)
7. The “T” of TRC. (10)
8. The TRC adapts this. (4)

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CHAPTER 8: MOBILE STATIONS
1. What are the two main components of an MS?
A) Mobile Equipment (ME)
B) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
2. Mark the following statements as being true or false:
• T: A vehicle-mounted MS outputs more power than a hand-held MS
• T: All class 3 MSs are hand-held
• F: No calls can be made from a MS unless a valid SIM is present
• F: The mobile equipment stores the subscriber authentication key (Ki)
3. Name the two main types of SIM:
A) ID-1 SIM
B) Plug-in SIM
4. List any 5 items of information that must be stored on a SIM:
Any 5 from:
• Administrative information: describes SIM’s mode of operation, for

example, normal or type approval.
• IC card identification: unique information identifying SIM and the

card issuer.
• SIM service table: indicates which optional services are provided by

SIM.
• International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI): an identity-number

used by the network to identify the subscription.
• Location information: comprising TMSI, LAI, current value of periodic

location updating timer and the location update status.
• Ciphering key (Kc) and Ciphering key sequence number.
• List of carrier frequencies to be used for cell selection.
• Forbidden PLMNs.
• Language preference: subscriber preferred languages.

• Personal Identification Number (PIN)
• PIN enabled / disabled indicator
• PIN error counter
• PIN Unlock Key (PUK)
• PUK error counter
• Subscriber authentication key, Ki
5. If a SIM is blocked, what code must be entered into the MS to unblock it?
Personal Unlock Key (PUK)
6. Mark the following MS features as being mandatory or optional:
• O: International access function ( “+” key)
• M: Display of called number
• M: Country/PLMN indication
• M: Short message indication and acknowledgment
• O: DTE/DCE interface
• M: Dual Tone Multi Frequency function (DTMF)

7. How big is the maximum distance between the devices when you use
Bluetooth?
10 meters
8. What is WAP?
WAP is a technology design to provide users of mobile terminals with

rapid and efficient access to the Internet.
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CHAPTER 9A: TRAFFIC CASES
1. Match the mobile identity on the left with the most appropriate description on
the right.
A) MSISDN 1) Unique permanent identity used for identification of

subscribers through the network and over the radio path
B) IMSI 2) Identifies a mobile telephone subscription in the PSTN

numbering plan
C) IMEI 3) Identifies individual cells within an LA
D) IMEISV 4) Identifies zones used in regional subscriptions
E) MSRN 5) Enables MSs to distinguish between different

neighboring base stations
F) CGI 6) Identifies MS equipment and software running on MS
G) BSIC 7) Temporary network identity assigned by the MSC/VLR

after a request from the HLR during call set-up
H) RSZI 8) Uniquely identifies MS equipment
A) - 2 B) - 1 C) - 8 D) - 6
E) - 7 F) - 3 G) - 5 H) - 4
2. Fill in the missing identity numbers in the following steps from a call from a
PSTN subscriber to a mobile subscriber:
The PSTN subscriber first dials the MSISDN. A connection is set up from the
PSTN network to the Gateway MSC. The HLR translates MSISDN into IMSI
and determines which MSC/VLR is currently serving the MS. The HLR
requests an MSRN from the MSC/VLR in which the called subscriber is
currently located.
3. Number the following steps in the order they would appear in a call from a
PSTN subscriber to a mobile subscriber.
• 3. The GMSC routes the call to the MSC
• 5. The MSC contacts the MS via the BSC and the BTS by sending a page
request
• 7. The BSC selects a traffic channel and then orders the MS to tune to this
traffic channel. The MS generates a ringing signal and when the subscriber
answers the speech connection is established
• 1. The PSTN subscriber dials the mobile subscriber’s number. The GMSC
receives the call
• 4. The MSC checks the VLR for the LA of the MS
• 6. The MS responds
• 2. The GMSC queries the HLR for the information needed to route the call to
the serving MSC/VLR
4. Fill in the blank.
To choose the best target call for handover, the mobile station and the BTS
take measurements on the radio signal strength in the current cell and in
neighboring cells.
5. Match the following terms to the correct description:
A) MS purge 1) The action of moving around and changing

the connection over the air interface.
B) MS active 2) This function is used to inform the HLR that
the VLR is about to remove a subscriber
record from the VLR.
C) Location 3) The MS does not answer paging messages,
updating there is no contact between the MS and the
network.
D) Roaming 4) When a call or call set up procedure is
taking place.
E) MS detached 5) The MS informs the network that it has
entered a new location area.
A) - 2 B) - 4 C) - 5 D) - 1 E) - 3
6. Which procedures are illustrated in the diagrams below?

Procedure 1: Location updating, type normal
2.
3.
1. 4.
2.
H LR
3.
4. V LR
B S C M S C
1 . M S lis t e n s to B C C H
2 . E s ta b lis h m e n t o f a c o n n e c t io n
3 . L o c a tio n u p d a t in g r e q u e s t a n d lo c a tio n u p d a t in g in V L R ( a n d H L R if n e e d e d )
4 . L o c a tio n u p d a t in g a c k n o w le d g e d
Procedure 2: Call to an MS from a PSTN subscriber
GSM/PLMN PSTN
3.
5.
1. Local 1.
HLR 2. GMSC
exchange
5.
6.
4.
MSC/VLR
7. 11.
BSC/TRC
8.
11.
8.
10.
9.
8.
8.
9.
10.
11.
• T: Handover between cells controlled by different MSC/VLRs can only be

performed within one PLMN.
• F: Cells controlled by different MSC/VLRs are controlled by the same BSCs.
• F: The IMSI detach procedure enables the MS to indicate to the network

that it is switched on.
8. List three reasons for attempting a handover.
A) Better signal strength in another cell
B) Poor quality
C) Timing advance exceeds a threshold value set by the operator
9. Fill in the missing steps in the procedure for call set-up from an MS to the
PSTN:
1) The MS uses Random Access CHannel (RACH) to ask for a signaling

channel.
2) The BSC allocates a signaling channel, using Access Grant CHannel

(AGCH).
3) The MS sends a call set-up request via SDCCH to the MSC/VLR.
4) The MSC/VLR asks the BSC to allocate an idle TCH. This is forwarded
to the BTS and MS, which are told to activate the TCH.
5) The MSC/VLR forwards the dialled B–number to an exchange in the

PSTN, which establishes a connection in PSTN to the B–subscriber.
6) If the B-subscriber answers, the connection is established.

CHAPTER 9B: TRAFFIC CASES
1. A) MSISDN B) IMSI C) IMSI D) MSISDN
2. A) F B) T C) T D) F
3. The Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) is used to route calls from the
Gateway Mobile services Switching Centre (GMSC) to the serving Mobile
services Switching Centre (MSC).
4. Because the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is associated

with the subscription and stored in the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), which
can be used with different Mobile Equipments (ME). It is therefore not possible
to use it to uniquely identify the Mobile Equipment (ME). The International
Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI) is used instead.
5. The Cell Global Identity (CGI) is obtained by adding a Cell Identity (CI) to the
Location Area Identity (LAI).
6. The Network Colour Code (NCC) is used to distinguish between countries

and operators. The Base station Colour Code (BCC) is used to distinguish
between nearby Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) using the same frequency.
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CHAPTER 10: CELL PLANNING
1.
H
1. 2.S Down
3.I N T E R F E R E N 4.C E 1. The “H” of HCS. (12)
E C O 2. This type of cell does not
have 360 degrees
R T 5.C A P AC I T Y coverage from the
A O H antenna. (6)
4. A frequency will
R R 6.C O V E R A G E experience this type of
interference when the
C 7.P N same frequency is
reused nearby. (9)
H 8.A D J A C E N T 7. 4/12 is an example of a
I T E 9.S cell _______. (7)
9. This location of the BTS
C T 10.O V 11.E R L A I D is called a _____. (4)
11. This is a unit used to
A E R T measure traffic intensity.
L G
12. R C
13. E L L T E M S
14. (6)
12. This term defines the
O MN I
15. A quality of service
(abbreviation). (3)
S N OM I N A L
16.
G
Across 8. A frequency will 14. This equipment can be
3. This causes the quality of experience this used during system
a call to be reduced. (12) interference if a similar implementation and
5. This term describes the frequency is nearby. (8) tuning (abbreviation). (4)
number of subscribers 10. This type of cell is 15. This type of cell has 360
which can be handled by operated from the same degrees coverage from
the network. (8) BTS as an underlaid cell. the antenna. (4)
6. A macro cell has large (8) 16. This is the first cell plan
_______ while a micro 13. The basic building block produced. (7)
cell has smaller _______. of a mobile network. (4)
(8)
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CHAPTER 11: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS
1. List the five functions of TMOS.
A) Configuration management
B) Fault management
C) Performance management
D) Security management
E) Accounting management
2. Match the following abbreviations with their correct description:

A) OSS 1) The Ericsson management and operations support
solution for public telecommunications networks
B) TMN 2) The product name for Ericsson’s O&M system for
the GSM network
C) TMOS 3) International telecommunications standard
A) - 2 B) - 3 C) - 1
• F: All the different management application systems are built on the TMOS
product development platform (TDP)
• T: NMC staff focus on long-term system-wide issues, whereas OMC staff

concentrate on short-term regional issues
4. Match the following OSS applications to the correct description:

A) Frequency 1) An application that assists the operator in
Allocation Support defining an optimal list of cells for handover
B) Cellular Network 2) An application that supports the operator to
Administration perform efficient frequency planning.
C) Neighboring Cell 3) A graphical map of the network which displays
Selection and alarms next to corresponding NEs
Handling
D) Network Alarm 4) An application that registers new cells and
Status Presentation maintains cell parameters.
A) - 2 B) - 4 C) - 1 D) - 3
5. Once a problem is identified, what application is used for detailed

performance analysis to find the cause of the problem?
Performance Management traffic Recording (PMR).

CHAPTER 12A: SUBSCRIBER SERVICES
1. Give brief descriptions of what is meant by each of the following terms:
A) Basic services: these are services which are available to anyone once
they subscribe to a telecommunications network. For example, the ability
to make voice telephone calls is a basic service.
B) Supplementary services: these are additional services which are

available by subscription only. For example, call forwarding.
C) Teleservices: a teleservice allows the subscriber to communicate

(usually via voice, fax, data or SMS) with another subscriber. It is a
complete system including necessary terminal equipment.
D) Bearer services: a bearer service is the network facility which allows

the subscriber to communicate. Every teleservice is associated with a
bearer capability.
2. Mark the following services are being teleservices (T), bearer services (B) or
supplementary services (S):
• S: Closed User Group (CUG)
• S: Calling line identification
• T: Emergency calls
• T: Facsimile group 3
• S: Multiparty service
• T: SMS cell broadcast
• B: Traffic to PSTN
• T: Speech
• S: Call waiting
• T: Voice mail
• B: Traffic to ISDN
• S: Barring of outgoing calls
• S: Advice of charge
3. Match the Ericsson innovation feature on the left with the most appropriate
description on the right.
A) Single personal number 1) Allows the use of different tariff regions
B) Dual numbering 2) Also known as ’Hot billing’
C) Immediate call itemization 3) Allows subscriber to arrange call

forwarding to other networks
D) Geographical differentiated 4) Allows two accounts to be connected to

charging the same subscription
A) - 3 B) - 4 C) - 2 D) – 1
CHAPTER 12B: SUBSCRIBER SERVICES
1. Short Message Service (SMS) is sent to one specific user whereas SMS-
Cell broadcast is sent to all Mobile Stations (MS) within a certain geographic
area.
2. An answering machine within the network.
3. Barring of outgoing calls and Closed user group.
4. Terminating call screening.
5. Single personal number, dual numbering and Immediate call itemisation.
6. Because the receiver pays for the part of the call between the home Public
Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and the Mobile Station (MS).
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CHAPTER 13: CHARGING AND ACCOUNTING
1. Name the two main components on which the GSM network tariff structure
is based.
A) Network access component
B) Network utilization component
2. Match the different call component on the left with the most appropriate
description on the right.
A) Originating call 1) The part of the call from the GMSC or

component MSC/VLR to the MS pointed to by a
"forwarded-to" number
B) Roaming call 2) This component may be included as part of

forwarding component the originating, roaming and/or call forwarding
component
C) Call forwarding 3) The part of a mobile call from the MSC/VLR

component to the MS pointed to by the MSISDN
D) Terminating call 4) The part of the call from the home PLMN to
component the MSC/VLR pointed to by the MSRN
E) Transiting call 5) The part of the call from the serving

component MSC/VLR to the mobile subscriber
A) - 3 B) - 4 C) - 1 D) - 5 E) - 2
3. Fill in the blank.
All charging within a PLMN is performed using Toll Ticketing.

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APPENDIX C: CASE STUDY
1. Given the predictions for Peertel’s network growth, calculate how many cells
will be required to serve the 1,096,000 subscribers Peertel expects to have
after five years of successful operation.
• Number of subscribers: 1,096,000
• Available frequencies: 48
• Cell pattern: 4/12
• GOS: 2%
• Traffic per subscriber: 25mE
Therefore:
• Frequencies per cell = 4
• Traffic channels per cell = 30
• Traffic per cell = 21.932
• The number of subscribers per cell = 877
• If there are 1,096,000 subscribers then the number of cells needed is

1,096,000 / 877 = 1250
2. Given the predictions for Peertel’s network growth and using the results of
question 1 above, briefly identify how many network nodes will be required to
meet the demands of subscriber’s after five years of successful operation. This
plan should be based on Peertel achieving its expected results only. Use only
the nodes listed below.
In order to correctly answer this question it is necessary to calculate the

total Erlang for the network. Given that there are 1,096,000 subscribers
and that there is a traffic per subscriber of 25mE, the total traffic on the
network is: 1,096,000 x 0.025 Erlang = 27,400 E
Node Number
MSC/VLRs 12. This was calculated from 27,400 Erlang on

network / 2,300 Erlang MSC capacity
BSC/TRCs 14. This was calculated from 27,400 Erlang on

network / 2,000 Erlang BSC/TRC capacity
BTSs 1250. This was calculated from question 1.
HLRs 3. This was calculated from the maximum number of

subscribers per HLR: 1,096,000 / 500,000 = 3
OMCs 4. This was calculated from 3 MSC/VLRs per OMC and

12 MSC/VLRs.
Note: none of the above solutions take into consideration geography

and/or relability (e.g. use of mated HLRs, etc).
3. Make a recommendation of which additional nodes (i.e. not on the above

list) Peertel should include in its network after five years of successful
operation. The recommendation should consider addition of data and value-
added services.
• SSP, SCP and SDP: for value-added services
• MC: for value-added services (e.g. voicemail)
• DTIs: for data services
• DAUs: for data services (i.e. Internet)
Other additional nodes which may be useful include SOGs and BGWs.

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SOLUTION TO EXERCISES 1 (40)

GSM SYSTEM SURVEY

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE

CHAPTER 2A: OVERVIEW OF ERICSSON’S GSM SYSTEMS 5

CHAPTER 2B: OVERVIEW OF ERICSSON’S GSM SYSTEMS 7

CHAPTER 3A: WIRELESS CONCEPTS & CHAPTER 4A: CHANNEL

CHAPTER 3B: WIRELESS CONCEPTS & CHAPTER 4B: CHANNEL

CHAPTER 5: INTRODUCTION TO AXE 13

CHAPTER 6: SWITCHING SYSTEM 15

CHAPTER 7: BASE STATION SYSTEM 17

CHAPTER 8: MOBILE STATIONS 19

CHAPTER 9A: TRAFFIC CASES 23

CHAPTER 9B: TRAFFIC CASES 27

CHAPTER 10: CELL PLANNING 29

CHAPTER 11: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS 31

CHAPTER 12A: SUBSCRIBER SERVICES 33

CHAPTER 12B: SUBSCRIBER SERVICES 35

CHAPTER 13: CHARGING AND ACCOUNTING 37

APPENDIX C: CASE STUDY 39

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND

Across 7. Body in charge of the 12. The MS is power off and

CHAPTER 2A: OVERVIEW OF ERICSSON’S GSM SYSTEMS

1. Which Ericsson product is a BTS part of?

Radio Base Station (RBS)

2. What network management product is Ericsson’s OSS based on?

Telecommunications Management and Operations Support (TMOS)

Any two from Configuration Management, Performance Management,

4. What Ericsson product is used to implement a message center?

5. Briefly explain the function of the Service Order Gateway (SOG).

The Service Order Gateway (SOG) is an Ericsson product which enables

CHAPTER 2B: OVERVIEW OF ERICSSON’S GSM SYSTEMS

1. To act as an entrance point to a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). The

2. To perform the switching functions for the mobile network.

3. The Home Location Register (HLR) contains subscriber data, including at

4. To provide the Home Location Register (HLR) with authentication

5. A Smart Card containing information about the subscription. It is used to

6. A) The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) B) The Home Location Register

8. A) False, the Base Station Controller (BSC) decides when to do a handover.

CHAPTER 3A: WIRELESS CONCEPTS & CHAPTER 4A: CHANNEL

T 2.B 3.I 1. Down

5.L O G I 6.C A L 7.D U P L E X 2. This term describes the

N D E 3. This step in the

L G 11. This term describes the

CHAPTER 3B: WIRELESS CONCEPTS & CHAPTER 4B: CHANNEL

1. A) 890 - 915 MHz B) 935 - 960 MHz.

4. In Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) a single user uses a

5. A) 124 B) 8 C) 4.615 D) 0.577 E) 148 F) 3.7 G) 270

6. A) One Time Slot on one carrier. B) Specific information sent on a physical

9. A) Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)

11. FCCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH

14. The information sent in one Time Slot.

1 5. Normal burst, Frequency correction burst, Synchronisation burst, Access

CHAPTER 5: INTRODUCTION TO AXE

1. Fill in the missing word:

The key factor in the success of AXE is modularity.

2. Complete the following:

In AXE 10, a number of subsystems comprise the Switching System called

3. Give the full names of each of the following AXE subsystems:

CCS Common Channel signalling Subsystem

CHS CHarging Subsystem

TCS Traffic Control Subsystem

GSS Group Switching Subsystem

HRS Home location Register Subsystem