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Correspondence: Tom Connors, M.D., Chairman, Research Division of the European Organisation for Research and
Treatment of Cancer, CPT, School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Sq., London, WC1W 4AY, United Kingdom. Telephone:
441-71-753-5932; Fax: 441-71-753-5931; e-mail: EZCRCC@ULCC.AC.UK ©AlphaMed Press 1083-7159/96/$5.00/0
these new agents can be rapidly tested in phase II trials Cancer mortality has changed little over the past forty
against common solid cancers using new techniques to years, mainly because of our failure to develop curative
detect small but significant tumour responses. Lead chemi- chemotherapy for the common solid cancers. The way for-
cals discovered in this way could then be taken back to the ward is to carry out extensive phase I and II clinical trials
laboratory for further development. There is no shortage of of the many new types of anticancer agent that have
new drugs which act by mechanisms quite different from become available as a result of increased knowledge about
present-day agents, and new approaches can greatly increase cancer cells and how they differ from normal tissues. In
the amount of cytotoxic agents delivered to solid tumours. order to do this, the regulatory authorities must recognize
As long ago as 1980, the CRC introduced protocols that minimal toxicology protocols are adequate, and drug
which enabled early clinical trials to be carried out rapidly and companies must be persuaded to give more emphasis to the
with minimal cost. These procedures used short-term tests search for new chemotherapeutic agents. A coordinated
only in rodents to determine a safe starting dose. The test can effort to achieve these aims would be a wonderful way to
be completed within six months and around fifty clinical mark the fiftieth anniversary of modern chemotherapy.
trials using this protocol have been successfully carried out in Unfortunately the regulatory authorities find it less risky to
collaboration with the EORTC. Despite this, the American stick with extensive safety testing rather than to use short-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), regulatory authorities cuts, however well-validated clinically. Many but not all
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