MGM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

KAMOTHE , NAVI MUMBAI

Department of Electrical Engineering

(Year 2018-2019)

A REPORT

ON,

“UNMANED SURVEILLANCE OF UNDERGROUND CABLES”

Submitted to:- Prof. Veena Darala

Submitted by :- B.E ELECTRICAL

Date of submission :
Signature :

Sr. no Members name UID NO.

1. Nidhi Shetty 116EL2125B
2. Mrunali Pawar 116EL
3. Omkar Naik 115EL
4. Abhishek Arekar 116EL

Under the guidance

Of

Prof. Veena Darala

 Acknowledgement

We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and thankfulness
to our Guide & H.O.D PROF. SHASHI PRABHA for her timely and valuable
guidance which has helped us to complete our report.

We would like to thank our respected Principal Dr. S.K.NARAYAN KHEDKAR for the
support and facilities. As madam’s incomparable knowledge has really helped us
to bestow on our efforts on our report.

Lastly we would like to thank all, including our colleagues and friends who helped
us directly or indirectly to make this project work for great appraisal to be
considered as one of our identity.
 Index

1. Introduction

1.1 power system in India

1.2 distribution of power

2. Underground power transmission system

3. problems faced in underground transmission

4. Components of project

4.1 geared motor

4.2 blades

4.3 bearings

4.4 multimeter

4.5 power Calculation

5. Advantages and applications

6. Conclusion

7.References
 1. Introduction

Electrical energy is one of the most important factors for the developments of
any country. But the generation of electrical energy is not possible at any place. So, to
provide electricity from source to load transmission line is needed. Generally two types
of transmission line are available. I) Overhead transmission line & II) Undergrond
transmission line. This paper shows the benefits of underground line over overhead line.
Overhead transmission line has some drawbacks and increases the efficiency &
reliability of transmission line underground transmission line is takes place. But at the
same time it’s maintenance and protection is difficult. This paper also suggests ways to
overcome that drawback.

1.1 Electrical Power System In India

The power system is a network which consists generation, distribution and transmission
system. It uses the form of energy (like coal and diesel) and converts it into electrical
energy. The power system includes the devices connected to the system like
the synchronous generator, motor, transformer, circuit breaker, conductor, etc.

The power plant, transformer, transmission line, substations, distribution line, and
distribution transformer are the six main components of the power system.The power
plant generates the power which is step-up or step-down through the transformer for
transmission.

The transmission line transfers the power to the various substations.Through

substation, the power is transferred to the distribution transformer which step-down
the power to the appropriate value which is suitable for the consumers.
Structure of Power System
The power system is the complex enterprise that may be subdivided into the following
sub-systems.The subsystems of the power system are explained below in details.

Generating Substation
In generating station the fuel (coal, water, nuclear energy, etc.) is converted into
electrical energy. The electrical power is generated in the range of 11kV to 25kV, which
is step-up for long distance transmission. The power plant of the generating substation
is mainly classified into three types, i.e., thermal power plant, hydropower plant and
nuclear power plant.

The generator and the transformer are the main components of the generating station.
The generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The mechanical
energy comes from the burning of coal, gas and nuclear fuel, gas turbines, or
occasionally the internal combustion engine.
 The transformer transfers the power with very high efficiency from one level to another.
The power transfer from the secondary is approximately equal to the primary except for
losses in the transformer. The step-up transformer will reduce losses in the line which
makes the transmission of power over long distances.

Transmission Substation
The transmission substation carries the overhead lines which transfer the generated
electrical energy from generation to the distribution substations. It only supplies the
large bulk of power to bulk power substations or very big consumers.

The transmission lines mainly perform the two functions

1. It transports the energy from generating stations to bulk receiving stations.

2. It interconnects the two or more generating stations.The neighbouring substations are
also interconnected through the transmission lines.

The transmission voltage is operating at more than 66kv and is standardised at 69kv,
115KV, 138KV, 161KV, 230KV, 345KV, 500KV, and 765KV, line-to-line. The transmission
line above 230KV is usually referred to as extra high voltage (EHV).

The high voltage line is terminated in substations which are called high voltage
substations, receiving substations or primary substations. In high voltage substation, the
voltage is step-down to a suitable value for the next part of flow toward the load. The
very large industrial consumers may be served directly to the transmission system.

Sub-transmission Substation
The portion of the transmission system that connects the high voltage substations
through the step-down transformer to the distribution substations is called the
sub-transmission system.

The sub-transmission voltage level ranges from 90 to 138KV. The sub-transmission

system directly serves some large industries. The capacitor and reactor are located in
the substations for maintaining the transmission line voltage.

The operation of the sub-transmission system is similar to that of a distribution system.

Its differ from a distribution system in the following manner.

1. A sub-transmission system has a higher voltage level than a distribution system.

2. It supplies only bigger loads.
3. It supplies only a few substations as compared to a distribution system which supplies
some loads.

Distribution Substation
The component of an electrical power system connecting all the consumers in an area
to the bulk power sources is called a distribution system.The bulk power stations are
connected to the generating substations by transmission lines. They feed some
substations which are usually situated at convenient points near the load centres.

The substations distribute the power to the domestic, commercial and relatively small
consumers. The consumers require large blocks of power which are usually supplied at
sub-transmission or even transmission system.
1.2 Transmission system
Transmission of electrical system can be broadly classified as:’-

1. Overhead transmission system

2. Underground transimission system

Overhead transmission system

An overhead power line is a structure used in electric power

transmission and distribution to transmit electrical energy along large distances. It
consists of one or more conductors (commonly multiples of three) suspended
by towers or poles. Since most of the insulation is provided by air, overhead power lines
are generally the lowest-cost method of power transmission for large quantities of
electric energy.

Construction:-
Towers for support of the lines are made of wood (as-grown or laminated), steel or
aluminum (either lattice structures or tubular poles), concrete, and occasionally
reinforced plastics. The bare wire conductors on the line are generally made of
aluminum (either plain or reinforced with steel, or composite materials such as carbon
and glass fiber), though some copper wires are used in medium-voltage distribution and
low-voltage connections to customer premises. A major goal of overhead power line
design is to maintain adequate clearance between energized conductors and the ground
so as to prevent dangerous contact with the line, and to provide reliable support for the
conductors, resilience to storms, ice loads, earthquakes and other potential damage
causes. Today overhead lines are routinely operated at voltages exceeding 765,000 volts
between conductors, with even higher voltages possible in some cases.

Classification: -
Overhead power transmission lines are classified in the electrical power industry by the
range of voltages:

 Low voltage (LV) – less than 1000 volts, used for connection between a residential or
small commercial customer and the utility.
 Medium voltage (MV; distribution) – between 1000 volts (1 kV) and 69 kV, used for
distribution in urban and rural areas.
 High voltage (HV; sub transmission less than 100 kV; sub transmission or
transmission at voltages such as 115 kV and 138 kV), used for sub-transmission and
transmission of bulk quantities of electric power and connection to very large
consumers.
 Extra high voltage (EHV; transmission) – from 345 kV, up to about 800 kV, used for
long distance, very high power transmission.
 Ultra high voltage (UHV) – higher than 800 kV. The Financial Times reported UHV
lines are a "game changer", making a global electricity grid potentially feasible. State
Grid said that compared to conventional lines, UHV enables the transmission of five
time more power, over six times the distance.