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SOCIAL SCIENCE
Study of society and the manner in which people behave and influence the world around us
Tells us about the world beyond our immediate experience
Provide vital information for governments and policymakers, local authorities, non-
governmental organizations and other
Discipline or branch of science deals with human behaviour in its social and cultural aspect
Include cultural or social anthropology, sociology social psychology, political science and
economics
The Social Sciences each newly born human being enters a social world that has been shaped by
those born previously and is continually reshaped by each new generation. (Perry & Perry,
2003). It is part of his/her human experience. The emergence of a person within a society is a
phenomenon that is as natural as physical reality itself. Every person is born into a living,
breathing, communal world. This social world was not always understood. But in the last 200
years, disciplines have originated with the goal of examining it with the same scientific
methodologythat the exact sciences use. These disciplines are collectively called the social
sciences. (Perry & Perry, 2003)
Is the study of society and human behavior. Actually, there are several social sciences, which this
course will enumerate and discuss in the detail, each specializing in a particular aspect of human
behavior and each using different concepts, methods, and data in its studies. Anthropology,
sociology, economics, psychology, political science, and history have developed into separate
“disciplines” but all share an interest in human behavior. (Harrison & Dye, 2008)
The Purpose of a Social Science The purpose of the social sciences is to study systematically all
aspects of human behavior and of the human condition, using a methodology borrowed from
the physical sciences wherever possible. (Perry & Perry, 2003)
II. Comparing Natural, Social Sciences and the Humanities
Science may be briefly defined as a method using a system of rational inquiry dependent
on the empirical testing of facts. This is what makes social science a science: its
determination to use the scientific method to study specific aspects of human behavior in
the social world. (Perry & Perry, 2003) Therefore, it is important to know what sets
social sciences apart from the other sciences.
The Natural Sciences is a branch of science that deals with the physical world (e.g. physics,
chemistry, geology, biology, etc.). It is divided into two groups: the life sciences (or
biological science) and physical science.
On the social science the study of society and human behaviour other hand, the
Humanities is learning or literature concerned with human culture, especially literature,
history, art, music, and philosophy.
III. Introducing the disciplines within the Social Sciences
2.1. Anthropology
Anthropology – The science of the origins and development of human beings and their
cultures.The word anthropology is derived from two Greek words: anthropos meaning
“man” or “human” and logos, meaning “thought” or
“reason
2.2. Economics
2.3. Geography
2.4. History
2.5. Linguistics
2.6. Political Science
2.7. Psychology
2.8. Sociology and Demography
V. Marxism
Marxism, a body of doctrine developed by Karl Marx and, to a lesser extent, by Friedrich
Engels in the mid-19th century. It originally consisted of three related ideas: a philosophical
anthropology, a theory of history, and an economic and political program. There is also
Marxism as it has been understood and practiced by the various socialist movements,
particularly before 1914. Then there is Soviet Marxism as worked out by Vladimir Ilich Lenin
and modified by Joseph Stalin, which under the name of Marxism-Leninism (see Leninism)
became the doctrine of the communist parties set up after the Russian Revolution (1917).
Offshoots of this included Marxism as interpreted by the anti-Stalinist Leon Trotsky and his
followers, Mao Zedong’s Chinese variant of Marxism-Leninism, and various Marxisms in the
developing world. There were also the post-World War II nondogmatic Marxisms that have
modified Marx’s thought with borrowings from modern philosophies, principally from those
of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger but also from Sigmund Freud and others.
REFERENCES
https://prezi.com/rrf3xljioyyc/disciplines-and-ideas-in-social-sciences/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32311432/Defining-Social-Sciencespdf/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1mtapf/Parson-was-also-known-to-have-translated-a-
number-of-other-important/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Marxism