WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Sathyamurthy et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

SJIF Impact Factor 7.421

Volume 7, Issue 8, 1110-1123 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

GCMS AND FTIR ANALYSIS ON THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF

RED VITIS VINIFERA PEEL

Chitrali Laha Roy1, Naresh S.1, Sunil K. S.1, Akki Suma1, Ashika B.D.1 and
Balasubramanian Sathyamurthy*2

1
Department of Biochemistry, Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore –
560054.
2
Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce,
Bangalore – 560054.

Article Received on ABSTRACT

11 June 2018,
Grape skin has been reported as a rich source of vitamin A and
Revised on 02 July 2018,
Accepted on 23 July 2018 phenolic compounds. Our present work aimed to identify the possible
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20188-12148 phytochemical compounds using GCMS along with its functional
groups using FTIR, present in the methanolic extract of grape peel.
*Corresponding Author The GC-MS chromatogram of the methanolic extract of red Vitis
Dr. Balasubramanian Vinifera peel showed nearly 160 compounds. As per the data analysis
Sathyamurthy
of FTIR, a very strong absorption band was found at 3372.84 cm-1
Professor, Department of
which is representative of N-H stretching vibrations shows the
Biochemistry, Ramaiah
College of Arts, Science and presence of amino acids.
Commerce,
Bangalore – 560054. KEYWORDS: GCMS, FTIR, Vitis Vinifera, Chromatogram, Spectral
Analysis.
1. INTRODUCTION
Grape (Vitis sp.) belonging to Family Vitaceae is one of the commercially important fruit
crops of India. In India, It is a temperate crop which has got adapted to subtropical climate.
Tannins are the most abundant class of phenolic compounds found in grape berries and are
the predominant determinants of astringency in red wines.[1] Other major phenolic
compounds predominantly present in grapes include anthocyanins, benzoic acids, cinnamic
acids and flavonols.[2] Grape peel contains more hydroxycinnamic tartrates than the flesh,
while the latter has more flavan-3-ols and procyanidins. Peel, also known as skin, is the outer
protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. A fruit with a thick peel is

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called a hesperidium. In those fruits, the inner layer (also called albedo) is peeled off together
with the outer layer (called flavedo), and together they are called the peel.[3] The flavedo and
albedo, are called the exocarp and the mesocarp respectively. The juicy content inside the
peel containing the seeds is known as endocarp. Grape skins constituent 65% of the total
material of grape mush on average. Grape skin has been reported as a rich source of phenolic
compounds. The content of vitamin A in the peel of red grapes is found to be higher (1132
mg/100gm) compared with other parts of grapes (82 mg/100gm for the pulp and 8.10
mg/100gm for the seed of red grapes).[4]

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a unique method which combines the

principles of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify the possible
compounds present in the test sample. In 1950s the application of a mass spectrometer as the
detector in gas chromatography was developed.[5] Gas chromatography can separate volatile
and semi-volatile compounds with great resolution, but it fails to identify them. MS can
identify and quantify the accurate amount of compounds present in samples with its structural
information, but it cannot readily separate them. Applications of GC-MS include drug
detection, environmental analysis, explosives investigation, and identification of unknown
samples. In addition, it has the ability to identify trace elements in materials that were
previously thought to have disintegrated beyond identification.[6]

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) is one of the important techniques which
are used today to measure the intensity of infrared radiation as a function of frequency or
wavelength. Infrared radiation is invisible electromagnetic radiation just below the red colour
of the visible electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelength range from 700 nm to 1 mm.[7]
Infrared spectroscopy is a standard method of analytical pharmacy and chemistry which
provides the images of vibration of atoms of compound. Therefore, it is also referred to as
vibrational spectroscopy. IR spectrum is obtained by passing infrared radiation through the
test sample and determining the amount of fraction of the incident radiation is absorbed at a
particular frequency. ‗Jean Fourier‘ demonstrated Fourier transformation which is a
mathematical operation, converts the frequency domain into time domain.[8] Our present work
aimed to identify the possible phytochemical compounds using GCMS along with its
functional groups using FTIR, present in the methanolic extract of grape peel.

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2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

2.1.Preparation of plant materials and extract for In Vitro studies
The Red Vitis Vinifera peel is collected from The Horticultural Department, University of
Agricultural sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bangalore. 10 grams of the dried peel
material was powdered and placed in Soxhlet extractor along with 150 ml of methanol and
refluxed at 60°C for 8hrs. The methanolic extract was filtered through Whatmann No. 1 filter.
The filtrate was evaporated to dryness at 80°C and stored until further analysis. For analysis,
the dried material was reconstituted in 1 ml methanol and was subjected for GCMS
analysis.[9]

2.2. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: The methanolic extract of the Red Vitis
Vinifera peel was subjected to GC-MS analysis on a GC- MS Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer
system comprising a AOC-20i autosampler and gas chromatograph interfaced to a mass
spectrometer (GC- MS) instrument employing the following conditions: Restek RtxR – 5, (30
meter X 0.25 mm) (5% diphenyl / 95% dimethyl polysiloxane), running in electron impact
mode at 70 eV; helium (99. 999%) was used as carrier gas at a constant flow of 1ml/min and
an injection volume of 1.0 µl was employed(split ratio of 10:1); injector temperature 280 0C.
The oven temperature was programmed from 40°C (isothermal for 5 min.), with an increase
of 6 0C / min to 280 0C, then ending with an isothermal for 15min at 280°C. Mass spectra
were taken at 70 eV; 0.5 seconds of scan interval and fragments from 40 to 550 Da. Total GC
running time was 60 minutes.

2.3. Identification of Compounds

Interpretation of mass spectrum GC-MS was done using the database of National Institute of
Standard and technology (NIST). The spectrum of the unknown component was compared
with the spectrum of the known components stored in the NIST library.

2.4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) Analysis

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) is the most important and powerful
tool for identifying the functional groups present in the sample. The wavelength of light
observed is the characteristic of the chemical bond. The chemical bonds in a molecule can be
determined by interpreting the infrared absorption spectrum.

Reagents required: Potassium bromide (KBr).

Control: Pong Oil.

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Procedure: Dried powder of methanolic solvent extract of vitis vinifera peel was used for
FTIR analysis. 10mg of the sample was encapsulated in 100mg of KBr pellet, to prepare
translucent sample disc. The powdered peel sample of methanolic extract was loaded in
FTIR spectroscope (Burker make Tensor 27 model FT-IR, 64 scans at a spectral resolution of
4 cm-1).

3. RESULTS
3.1.Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Analysis

Figure. 1: GC-MS chromatogram of methanolic extract of red vitis vinifera peel.

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Table. 1: GC- MS chromatogram of methanolic extract of red vitis vinifera peel.

Retention
S. No Name of the compound Peak area Biological activity
time
lH-Tetrazaborole,4,5—dihydro-1,4-
1. 4.332 1.90 No activity reported.
dimethyl-
Flavouring agent,, Macrocyclic
2. 4.332 Cyclopentanone, 2—methyl- 1.90
inhibitor of hepatitis c virus,
3. 4.332 4,5-Dihydro-2-methylimidazole-4-on 1.90 No activity reported
Kinase modulators,
4. 4.434 3,4-Difluoroanisole 3.11 Antibacterial agent, Prevention
of Dengue virus infections.
Potential antidepressant agent,
5. 4.434 3H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-thione, 1,2-di hydro- 3.11
antibacterial activities.
6. 4.644 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5 methyl- 0.99 Proteinase inhibitor.
Antibacterial,Antiinflammatory
7. 4.644 1- Methylimidazole-4 carboxaldehyde 0.99
activity.
8. 4.997 2H-Pyran-2,6(3H)-dione 0.38 Antifungal, Phytotoxic.
l-(2,2-Dimethylaziridin-l-yl-
Antifungal, Antitumor agent,
9. 4.997 methyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl 0.38
Cytotoxic effect.
ester
Hepatitis C virus inhibitor,
Useful in the treatment of
10 4.997 Tetrahydro-4H—pyran-4-ol 0.38
cancer disease, Beta lactamase
inhibitor.
Antioxidant activity, Hepatitis
11 5.315 Benzeneacetaldehyde 1..29
C virus inhibitor
Inhibitors of drug resistant
12 5.429 2-(tert—Butylamino)ethanol 1.21 strains of HIV 1 Integrase,
Antiviral agent.
Potent Carcinogen and
Neurotoxin, Inhibits hepatic
13. 5.429 Methylazoxymethanol acetate 1.21
DNA, RNA and Protein
synthesis.
Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic
14. 5.572 Fumaric acid 4.97
activity
Antimicrobial,Antioxidative
15. 5.572 4,5-Diamino-2-hydroxypyrimidine 4.97
agent.
Antimicrobial, Antibacterial
16. 5.572 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine 4.97
and Antifungal agent.
Antiviral, Cytotoxic and
17. 5.698 5-Hydroxyuridine 0.35
Antibacterial agent.
Inhibitor of Tyrosine
18. 5.698 Hydrouracil, 1-methyl- 0.35 Kinase,Chemotherapeutic agent
and Antiviral agent.
Inhibitor of Tyrosine Kinase,
19. 5.698 2,4(lH,3H)—Pyrimidinedione, 5-hydroxy- 0.35 Chemotherapeutic agent and
Antiviral agent.
2-Furancarboxylic acid, Opioid receptor modulators,
20. 5.734 0.93
Hydrazide Antiinflammatory agent.

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Antifungal, Antioxidant
21. 5.734 Methyl-2-furoate 0.93
activity.
Antimicrobial, Antibacterial
22. 5.890 Silane 0.84 agent, Biofilm development
controller.
Treating Ophthalmic disease
23. 5.890 4-Heptanol, 4-propyl- 0.84 and disorder, Tissue factor
production inhibitor.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor,
24. 5.890 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione, l-hydroxy- 0.84
Treatment of Cancer.
Antimicrobial, Melanin
4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro 3,5
25. 6.171 14.55 production inhibitor,
dihydroxy-6-methyl-
Antioxidant activity.
Anti infective agent in human
26. 6.171 2-Propyl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol 14.55
microbial infections.
Antimicrobial, Melanin
27. 6.417 4H-Pyran-4-one, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl- 0.88 production inhibitor,
Antioxidant activity.
Antimicrobial, Melanin
4H-Pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2- (hydro
28 6.417 0.88 production inhibitor,
xymethyl)-
Antioxidant activity.
Hepatitis C virus
29. 6.447 Ethanamine 1.48 inhibitor,Proteasome inhibitor,
Anaphylactic agent.
Serine protease
30. 6.447 2-Imidazolidinethione 1.48
inhibitor,Treatment of tumors.
Antimicrobial,Anti cancer
31. 6.447 1-Alanine, N-methoxycarbonyl-, ethyl ester 1.48
agent.
Antioxidant, Dermatologic
32. 6.585 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, [S- (R*,R*)]- 2.19 activity,Ionic reservoir at
electrode surface.
33. 6.585 Erythritol 2.19 Sweetner, Antimicrobial agent.
MAP KINASE inhibitor,
34. 6.585 Propanoic acid,3- (methylthio)- 2.19 Vitamin receptor binding drug
delivery conjugates.
Anti-fatigue agent, Acid
35. 6.866 2(3H) -Furanone, dihydro-4-hydroxy- 0.89 generating activity and useful
in photoresistance.
Cardiovascular agent,
36. 6.866 2-Heptanamine, 5-methyl- 0.89 Microsomal triglyceride
transfer inhibitor.
Kinase modulator, HIV
37. 6.866 2-Butanamine, 3-methyl- 0.89
protease inhibitor.
Kinase 1 inhibitor, Useful in
38. 6.902 2-Fluoropyridine 1.34
clinical oncology.
Fungicidal activity against
39. 6.902 1H-Pyrazole-4-amine, 3-methyl- 1.34 wheat rust and Antiviral
activity against TMV.
40 6.902 1H-Pyrazole, 4,5-dihydro-3-methyl- 1- 1.34 Antimicrobial,Antiinflammator

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propyl- y, Anti-tubercular, Antifungal

agent.
41. 7.040 2(3H) -Furanone,dihydro-5-propyl- 2.95 Antibiotics, Anticancer agent.
42. 7.040 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro- 2.95 Sigma receptor inhibitor.
Antioxidant, Antiproliferative
43. 7.154 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 29.13
agent.
44. 7.154 4-Octen-3-one,6-ethyl-7-hydroxy- 29.13 Antifungal agent.
Antioxidant, Antiproliferative
45. 7.154 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 29.13
agent.
Pentanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-4- Antimicrobial, Antifungal and
46. 7.285 0.65
methyl,methyl ester Antitumor agent
Inhibitor of glutaminase,
47. 7.285 Methyl 6-oxoheptanoate 0.65
Useful in treatment of Cancer.
Useful as
48. 7.285 Diisopropyl-cyano-phosphine 0.65 phosphoryylating agent,
Hepatitis C virus Inhibitor.
Antimicrobial, Antibacterial
49. 7.441 3(2Hydroxyethyl)imidazole-2-thione 2.44
activity, Antibiotic activity.
Kinase modulators,
50. 7.441 2,4-Difluoroanisole 2.44 Antibacterial agent, Prevention
of Dengue virus infections.
4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro- Hyaluronic acid production,
51. 7.441 2.44
3,5dihydroxy-6-methyl- Melanin production inhibitor.
52. 7.543 2-Azabutane,N-amidino-4,4-dimethoxy- 0.85 No activity reported.
Useful for the treatment of
53 7.543 2-Butanone, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl- 0.85 pain, Cold menthol receptor
antagonist, Antiviral activity.
For the treatment of
Acetic acid,3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethoxy-3-
54. 7.543 0.85 proliferative disorder, Kinase
methyl-pentylester.
inhibitor.
Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase,
55. 7.717 1,3-Dioxolane, 2-ethenyl-4-methyl- 0.61 Modulator of ATP binding
cassette transporters.
Useful in preventing from
56. 7.717 1-Propene, 3 [(4-nitrobutyl) thio]- 0.61 bacterial infections, Biofilm
controller.
Stimulation of neuronal cells,
57. 7.717 4,4-Ethylenedioxy-1-pentylamine 0.61
Biological sensor.
Useful in treatment of ocular
58. 7.813 2,6-Piperazinedione, dioxime 1.89
disorder and as herbicide.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and
59. 7.813 2(3H)-Thiazolone, 4-methyl- 1.89
Anticholinesterase agent.
Inhibitor of neutrophil elastase
activity, Bromodomain
60. 7.813 1,3-Cyclopentanedione 1.89
inhibitor, Useful in treatment of
inflammatory bowel disease.
Hepatitis B Antiviral agent,
61. 7.87 8 2-Propanol,1- (dibutylamino)- 0.69 Polymerase inhibitor,
Chemokine receptor modulator.

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Peptidomimetic protease
1(2H)-Naphthalenone, 8a
62. 7.87 8 0.69 inhibitor, Tyrosine kinase
chlorooctahydro-, trans-
inhibitor.
Modulators of ATP binding
63. 7. 87 8 1,3-Benzenediamine, 4 chloro- 0.69 cassette transporters, Growth
regulators.
Useful in identifying a receptor
for ligand and methods of
identifying modulators of
64. 8.022 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-hexanoicacid 0.80
olfactoryreceptors involved in
the perception of sweat
carboxylic acids.
Somatostatin analogues, HMG
65. 8.022 Pentanoic acid,pentylester 0.80 CoA Reductase inhibitor, In
treatment of conjuctivitis
Useful as fragrance ingredient,
66. 8.022 Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, pentylester 0.80
Flavouring ingredient
Useful in the treatment of
67. 8.465 Decyl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 1.61
psoriasis.
68. 8.465 Undecyl(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 1.61 No activity reported.
Cardiotonic agent, Hair
69. 8.465 Tridecyl (E) -2-methylbut 2-enoate 1.61
processing agent.
Benzoic acid,4-hydroxy- 3-methoxy-methyl Useful in the treatment of
70. 8.873 ester 6.96 Paramyxovirus viral infections,
Modulators of ion channel.
Antibacterial activity,
71. 8.873 2-Isopropoxyethylpropionate 6.96 Treatment of inflammation and
neoplastic disease.
Antimicrobial, antibacterial and
72. 9.220 Diethyl Phthalate 0.65
cytotoxic activity.
2R,3S-9-[1,3,4 -TrihYdroxy-2- butoxy
73. 10.143 5.50 Antifungal activity.
methyl]guanine
Antitumoral activity and
medicinal agent for treating
patients suffering from disease
74. 10.143 Ethanamine,N-ethyl-N-nitroso- 5.50
caused by the
monoaminooxidase excessive
activity.
2-t-Butyl-4-methyl-5-oxo- Antitubercular and
75. 10.143 5.50
[1,3]dioxolane—4-carboxylic acid Antibacterial activity.
Antiinflammatory and
76. 10.466 n-Hexadecanoic acid 0.72
antimicrobial activity.
Antimicrobial Antibacterial and
77. 10.466 Octadecanoic acid 0.72
Antifungal activity.
Useful in the treatment of
78. 11.568 cis-13-Octadecenoic acid 0.34 hypertension, Useful as
pesticide.
Antimicrobial and wound
79. 11.568 9-Octadecenoic acid,(E)- 0.34
healing agent

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Antimicrobial Antibacterial and

80. 11 .568 Octadecanoic acid 0.34
Antifungal activity.
Biosynthesis of prostaglandin
and cell membrane. An
81. 11.628 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- 0.34
essential fatty acid in
mammalian nutrition.
Biosynthesis of prostaglandin
and cell membrane. An
82. 11.628 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- 0.34
essential fatty acid in
mammalian nutrition.
Antiperspirant, Anti-wrinkle
83. 14.773 1,19-Eicosadiene 0.95
agent
Antimicrobial, Tyrosine kinase
84. 14.773 Oxirane, hexadecyl- 0.95
inhibitor.
Antiproliferative agent HMG
85. 15.204 n-Tetracosanol-1 0.96
CoA Reductase inhibitor.
Antibacterial, Antioxidant and
86. 15.204 1-Heptacosanol 0.96
Antimicrobial agent.
Antibacterial, Antioxidant and
87. 15.204 13-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate 0.96
Antimicrobial activity.
Antiperspirant, Anti-wrinkle
88. 16.480 1,19-Eicosadiene 0.70
agent
Antimicrobial, Tyrosine kinase
89. 16.480 Oxirane, hexadecyl- 0.70
inhibitor.
Useful in the treatment of
90. 16.480 Octadecanal 0.70 Hepatitis B, Antibiotic activity,
Useful as surfactants.
Immunosuppressant, Protease
91. 17.085 1-Nonadecene 0.74 inhibitor, Antiproliferative
agent.
Antibacterial, Antioxidant and
92. 17.085 l-Heptacosanol 0.74
Antimicrobial agent.
Antioxidant, Antiproliferative
93. 17.085 Nonadecyl heptafluorobutyrate 0.74
and Antibacterial activity.
1-Oxetan-2-one, 3-bromo-3-
94. 19.858 2.81 No activity reported.
(bromomethyl)-4-isoprpyl-
Sodium channel blockers,
95. 19.858 Benzeneacetamide, alpha.-ethyl- 2.81 Therapeutic agents useful for
treating pain.
Opioid receptor modulators,
Benzeneethanol, .alpha.-methyl-3-(1- Peptidomimetic protease
96. 19.858 2.81
methyiethyl)- inhibitor, Treatment for
gastrointestinal disorder
4H-1,3,2-Dioxaborin, 6-ethenyl-2-
97. 21.176 0.37 No activity reported.
ethyl-4-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)-
Antimicrobial,
Antihypertensive,
98. 21.176 2-Cyano-3- fluorophenylhydrazine 0.37
Antituberculosis, Antimalarial
and Antiviral activity.

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Inhibit the growth of human

2'-Hydroxy 4'-methoxy acetophenone,
99. 21.176 0.37 hepatoma cell line HepG2,
acetate
Antitumor activity.

3.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) Analysis.

Table. 2: Infrared spectroscopy spectrum for methanolic extract of red vitis vinifera
peel.
S. No Frequency Group Intensity
1 3372.84 Amines(N-H) Medium
2 2925.21 Alkane(C-H) Medium
3 2858.04 Alkyl (C-H [stretching]) Medium – Strong
4 2121.61 Alkynyl(C≡C[stretching]) Weak
5 1740.25 Ester(C=O) Strong
6 1618.42 Arene (C=C) Weak – Medium
7 1413.74 Aromatic (C=C[stretching]) Medium- Weak, Multiple bands
8 1261.86 Acid (C-O[stretching]) Strong
9 1063.42 Alcohol (O-H) Strong
10 909.44 Alkenyl (R2C=CH2) Strong
11 821.06 Aromatic(C-H)p-Distributed Very Strong
12 776.16 Aromatic(C-H)m-Distributed Very Strong
13 685.12 Aromatic(C-H)o-Distributed Strong
14 625.87 Halogen compound(C-I) Strong

Figure. 2: Infrared spectroscopy spectrum for methanolic extract of red vitis vinifera
peel.

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4. DISCUSSION
4.1. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Analysis
From the Figure – 1 and Table – 1 the GC-MS chromatogram of a methanolic extract of peels
showed nearly 100 compounds. Most of the compounds which were reported from peels were
found to be rich in Cyclopentanone, 3,4-Difluoroanisole, 2--Furancarboxaldehyde, 5 methyl-
1- Methylimidazole-4 carboxaldehyde, Benzeneacetaldehyde, Methylazoxymethanol acetate,
Fumaric acid, 5-Hydroxyuridine, Methyl -2-Furoate, Silane, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro
3,5 dihydroxy-6-methyl-2-Propyl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol, Ethaneamine, Erythritol, Furanone,
Fluoropyridine, 5- Hydroxymethylfurfural, Pentanoic acid, 2,4- Difluoroanisole, Azabutane,
2- Butanone, Acetic acid, 1,3 – Dioxolane, 2-Propanol, 3- Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Hexanoic acid,
Tridecyl (E) 2- Methylbut-2-Enoate, Benzoic acid, Diethyl phthalate, Ethaneamine,
Octadecanoic acid, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, 9, 12, octadecadienoic acid (z, z), 1,19-
Eicosadiene, 1-Heptacosanol, Octadecanal, 1-Nonadecene, 2-Cyano-3-
fluorophenylhydrazine at retention time 4.33, 4.43, 4.64, 4.99, 5.31, 5.42, 5.57, 5.69,
5.73, 5.89, 6.17, 6.41, 6.44, 6.58, 6.86, 6.90, 7.04, 7.15, 7.28, 7.44, 7.54, 7.71, 7.81, 7.87,
8.02, 8.46, 8.87, 9.22, 10.14, 11.56, 11.62, 14.77, 15.20, 16.48, 17.08, 19.85 and 21.17
respectively. Cyclopentanone having peak area of 1.90 is used as flavouring agent,
macrocyclic inhibitor of hepatitis c virus. 3,4-Difluoroanisole having the peak area of
3.11 is used as kinase modulators, Antibacterial agent, in prevention of Dengue virus
infections.[10] Benzeneacetaldehyde having retention time at 5.13 and peak area of 1.29 is
used as Antioxidant and Hepatitis C virus inhibitor.[11] Methylazoxymethanol acetate having
the retention time at 5.42 and peak area of 1.21 is used as Potent Carcinogen and Neurotoxin
and it inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA and Protein synthesis.[12] Fumaric acid having a retention
time at 5.572 and peak area of 4.97 is used as Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic agent.[13] 2-
Propyl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol having the retention time at 6.17 and peak area of 14.55
is used as Anti infective agent in human microbial infections. Ethaneamine having the
retention time at 6.44 and peak area of 1.48 is used as Hepatitis C virus, Proteasome
inhibitor and it has anaphylactic activity.[14] Erythritol having a retention time at 6.58 and
peal area of 2.19 is used as sweetener and antimicrobial agent.[15] 2-Fluoropyridine is
having a retention time at 6.902 and peak area of 1.34 is used as Kinase 1 inhibitor and
useful in clinical oncology. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is having the retention time at 7.15 and
highest peak area of 29.13 is used as Antioxidant and Antiproliferative agent.[16] 1, 3-
cyclopentadione has the retention time at 7.81 and the peak area of 1.89 is used as inhibitor of
neutrophil elastase activity, bromodomain and useful in treatment of inflammatory bowel

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disease.[17] Tridecyl (E) -2-methylbut 2-enoate has the retention time at 8.46 and peak
area of 1.65 is used as cardiotonic and Hair processing agent. 2-
Isopropoxyethylpropionate having the retention time at 8.87 and peak area of 6.96 is
reported to show antibacterial activity and useful in treatment of inflammation and neoplastic
disease.[18] Ethaneamine having retention time at 10.14 and peak area of 5.50 is used as
antitumoral and medicinal agent for treating patients suffering from disease caused by the
monoaminooxidase excessive activity. Benzeneacetamide is having retention time at 19.85
and peak area of 2.81 is reported to show activity as sodium channel blockers and therapeutic
agents useful for treating pain.[19]

4.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) Analysis

From the Figure – 2 and Table – 2, the very strong absorption bands at 3372.84 cm–1 which is
representative for N-H stretching vibrations, characteristic of the presence of amino acids.[20]
The bands at 2858.04 cm–1 is due to the stretching vibration of –CH3 and –CH2 groups
indicative of the chlorophyll groups. The 1740.25 cm–1 corresponds to ester group (C=O)
indicative of lactone group.[20] The strong bands at 1261.86 cm–1 represent the stretching
vibrations of C-O indicative of the acid. The 1063.42 cm–1 band in all samples, predict the
presence of alcohol. The band at 625–821 cm–1 represents aromatic compounds.[21]

5. CONCLUSION
The GC-MS chromatogram of the methanolic extract of Red Vitis Vinifera peel showed
nearly 160 compounds. Most of the compounds which were reported from peel were found to
be rich in Cyclopentanone, 3,4-Difluoroanisole, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5 methyl-1-
Methylimidazole-4 carboxaldehyde, Benzeneacetaldehyde, Methylazoxymethanol acetate,
Fumaric acid, 5-Hydroxyuridine, Methyl -2-Furoate, Silane, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro
3,5 dihydroxy-6-methyl-2-Propyl-tetrahydropyran-3-ol, Ethaneamine, Erythritol, Furanone,
Fluoropyridine, 5- Hydroxymethylfurfural, Pentanoic acid, 2,4- Difluoroanisole, Azabutane,
2- Butanone, Acetic acid, 1,3 – Dioxolane, 2-Propanol, 3- Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Hexanoic acid,
Tridecyl (E) 2- Methylbut-2-Enoate, Benzoic acid, Diethyl phthalate, Ethaneamine,
Octadecanoic acid, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, 9, 12, octadecadienoic acid (z, z), 1,19-
Eicosadiene, 1-Heptacosanol, Octadecanal, 1-Nonadecene, 2-Cyano-3-
fluorophenylhydrazine respectively. As per the data analysis of FTIR from using
infrared spectroscopy correlation table, it was found that the very strong absorption bands at

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Sathyamurthy et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

3372.84 cm–1 which is representative for N-H stretching vibrations. Hence, we can conclude
that the methanolic extract of Red Vitis Vinifera peel is rich in the amino acids.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are thankful to Chemistry of Forest Division, Institute of Wood Science and
Technology, Bengaluru for providing necessary facilities to complete this project
successfully.

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