ANSYS Applications in Ocean

Science and Engineering

Marsall Loewenstein
Ian Lockley
8/10/2011
1 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Perspective

The Universe in One Year concept was inspired by the

late Cornell astronomer, Carl Sagan. Sagan was the first
person to explain the history of the universe in one
year—as a “Cosmic Calendar”—in his television series,
Cosmos

2 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Perspective

3 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 0.5 Seconds of Oceanographic History

11:59:59.5 seconds….

1769
Benjamin Franklin’s first scientific study of the Gulf Stream. He measured
water temperatures during several Atlantic crossings and effectively
explained the phenomena.

4 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

5 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 0.5 Seconds of Oceanographic History

11:59:59.5 seconds….

1769
Benjamin Franklins first scientific study of the Gulf Stream. He measured
the water temperatures during several Atlantic crossings and effectively
explained tbe phenomena

1855
Physical Geography of the Sea, by Matthew Fontaine Maury published in
1855 was the first textbook of Oceanography.

6 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Relevance to Science / Engineering / Product Design
• The pace of academic endeavors, discovery and information continues to
grow at an exponential rate
• Scientists and Engineers are constantly challenged or asked to do more
with less
• Time and expense of developing industrial and research equipment test
must be reduced
• Quality and safety must continue to rise
• We must all be stewards of our precious environment
• “Cut and try” approaches in science and engineering must be
supplemented or replaced with simulation

• Many mature software tools exist from ANSYS, across an

enormous range of physical disciplines, which enable
research and the development and testing of both concepts
and products through physics based numerical simulation
7 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Overview

• Brief Introduction to ANSYS

• Selected Simulation Applications
– Environmental
– Pollution dispersion, cleanup, scouring,
ocean currents, noise …
– Energy
– Wave energy, tidal energy, energy
environmental impact
– Marine
– Hull design, propulsion, system design,
sensor design ….

8 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Overview

• Brief Introduction to ANSYS

• Selected Simulation Applications
– Environmental
– Pollution dispersion, cleanup, scouring,
ocean currents, noise …
– Energy
– Wave energy, tidal energy, energy
environmental impact
– Marine
– Hull design, propulsion, system design,
sensor design ….

9 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Who is ANSYS
Focused
This is all we do: Physics based software simulation tools for
science and engineering

Capable
2,000 employees
60 locations, 40 countries

Trusted
96 of top 100 FORTUNE 500 industrials

Proven
Recognized as one of the world’s most innovative
and fastest-growing companies*
A 40 year track record of innovation

Independent
Long-term financial stability
CAD agnostic

*BusinessWeek, FORTUNE
10 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011 (image of engineer working through simulation problem)
 One Picture of ANSYS

ANSYS is the leading provider of

physics based engineering
Param- Meshing
software tools terization
Fluids

• Structural
• Thermal
Structural Thermal
• Electromagnetics
and
• Fluids CAD
Workflow
Import
+
In-houseu(t) y(t)
-
D(s) Plant
Emag
Solution

Post-
processing

11 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Industry Leading Customers

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 Selected Academic Customers

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 ANSYS Academic Program
Presence
• Academic products used at 2,400 institutions
worldwide, with nearly 87,000 licensed seats

Value to Industry
• Students trained in ANSYS join industry with
experience in simulation
• Research use of ANSYS helps tackle next-generation
industry challenges

Software Technology
• Academic partnerships ensure our product
technology leadership

“By embedding ANSYS technology in our engineering curriculum, Cornell is producing

students who can go into industry with a strong foundation in the application of
advanced simulation.”
Dr. Rajesh Bhaskaran
Professor
Cornell UniversityRajesh Bhaskaran
ANSYS Academic Program
Cornell University
14 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Typical Marine CFD Applications

• Hydrodynamics • Aerodynamics • Heat transfer

• Ship hulls • Superstructures • Fuel Cells
• Submarines • Dispersion • Wave slam
• Yacht hulls, keels • Yacht Sails • Flooding in Ro-Ro ferries
• Appendages • Exhaust plumes • Cavitation
• Other underwater systems • Ventilation • Torpedoes
• Towed sonar arrays • Heli Deck operations • Sloshing in tanks
• Fire Suppression • Submarine Reactors
• Propulsion • Structural vibrations
• Halon replacement
• Propeller / Hull • Blast interactions • Periscope / free surfaces
interactions
• Fluid Structure Interaction • Pumps
• Water jets • Offshore Power
• Floating objects
• Cavitation generation
• Flexible objects
• Bubble wakes and
signature • Vortex Induced Vibration • Chemical reactions
• Acoustics • Swim suits • Free surface flows
• Microfluidics
• Hypersonics
• CVD

15 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Overview

• Brief Introduction to ANSYS

• Selected Simulation Applications
– Environmental
– Pollution dispersion, cleanup, scouring,
ocean currents, noise …
– Energy
– Wave energy, tidal energy, energy
environmental impact
– Marine
– Hull design, propulsion, system design,
sensor design ….

16 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

17 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Overview

• Brief Introduction to ANSYS

• Selected Simulation Applications
– Environmental
– Pollution dispersion, cleanup, scouring,
ocean currents, noise …
– Energy
– Wave energy, tidal energy, energy
environmental impact
– Marine
– Hull design, propulsion, system design,
sensor design ….

18 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Environmental: Scouring

19 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Scouring: Challenges

20 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Scouring: Examples

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 CFD modeling of scour around offshore wind turbines in areas with
strong currents, Solberg et al, Conference on Offshore Wind
Turbines Situated in Strong Sea Currents, 2006

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 Advanced numerical modeling of the scouring process
around the piers of a bridge, Motta et al, Proc of the
congress, IAHR, 2007

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 Illustration Problem

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 Modeling Approach

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 Initial Results

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 Numerical simulation of scour around pipelines using an
Euler-Euler coupled two-phase model, Zhao and
Fernando, Environmental Fluid Mechanics, (2007)

27 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Environmental: Oil Spill and Cleanup

28 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Environmental: Oil Spill and Cleanup

29 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 CFD Modeling of Oil Spill

Past CFD studies employed VOF approach to study oil spill

• Free surface was captured by VOF
• Linear wave profiles was used to describe wave boundary condition
• Studies were limited to 2D
• Studies were conducted for different wavelength and amplitude

30
30 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Current CFD Model
Full 3-dimensional Model
Volume of Fluid (VOF) – Approach
• A single set of momentum equations is solved and the volume
fraction of each immiscible phase is tracked
• Three phases – Air, Water and Oil is considered
Open channel wave boundary condition -used
to prescribe wave motion
A fifth order stokes wave theory is used to
describe a non-linear wave
Turbulence – Realizable k-ε model

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31 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 3D CFD Model

Open Channel Top Surface - Outlet

Boundary Inlet
2 Km Open Channel
Pressure Outlet

Oil Inlet
Oil Spill Location

Around 565,000 Grid Elements Used

Grid refined near sea surface to capture waves
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 Wave Profiles

5m Amplitude and 500m Wavelength Wave

10m Amplitude and 500m Wavelength Wave

5m Amplitude and 750m Wavelength Wave

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 Wave Profile - Animation

5m amplitude and 500m Wavelength wave

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 Wave Velocity Profiles

5m Amplitude and 500m Wavelength Wave

10m Amplitude and 500m Wavelength Wave

5m Amplitude and 750m Wavelength Wave

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 Observations - Velocity Profiles

High velocity near surface due to waves

As wave steepness increase – Non linear waves results
Coastal region or Shallow water region impacts the wave profile

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36 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Oil Slick at Sea Surface

5m Amplitude and 500m

Wavelength Wave

10m Amplitude and 500m

Wavelength Wave

5m Amplitude and 750m

Wavelength Wave

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 Time History of Spread

5m amplitude and 500m Wavelength wave 10m amplitude and 500m Wavelength wave

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 Time History of Spread

5m amplitude and 500m Wavelength wave 5m amplitude and 750m Wavelength wave

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 Time History of Spread

5m amplitude and 500m Wavelength wave 5m amplitude and 500m Wavelength wave
0.1m/s - Wave Current

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40 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Observations

Spread pattern is different for different wave

conditions
Polluted area increases with higher interaction
of wave and current
Polluted area is more towards coastal area or in
shallow water
High wave amplitude – oil traveled faster to the
coastal area – thus not spreading

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41 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Conclusions

Overview of the oil spill and its impact on oil and gas
industry
Physics of oil spill – Hydrodynamics of Ocean waves
plays major role
Focused on shallow water waves – Dispersion of oil
slick is more
Need higher order wave theories as wave steepness
increase

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42 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Conclusions

Presented a detailed 3D CFD based model for

study of oil spill
• Volume of Fluid (VOF)
• Open channel wave boundary condition
Spread pattern is different for different wave
conditions
Polluted area increases with higher interaction
of wave and current
Value of using CFD based simulations for oil spill
scenarios
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43 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Environmental/Marine: Noise

44 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Environmental/Marine: Noise

MENCK hydraulic hammer

45 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Environmental/Marine: Noise

Comparison of measured and calculated underwater sound pressure at

a distance of 245 meters from the pile. Knowing the sound propagation
law for this region, the sound pressure at 750 meters can be calculated
and converted into decibels (dB).
46 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Environmental/Marine: Noise

1 2 3 4

Underwater sound generation and propagation

shown as a sequence of snapshots in time.
Within a steel pile, the speed of sound is about
5,000 meters per second, while the speed of
sound in water is about 1,500 meters per
second — resulting in radiation patterns and
5 6
specific inclination angle.

47 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Overview

• Brief Introduction to ANSYS

• Selected Simulation Applications
– Environmental
– Pollution dispersion, cleanup, scouring,
ocean currents, noise …
– Energy
– Wave energy, tidal energy, energy
environmental impact
– Marine
– Hull design, propulsion, system design,
sensor design ….

48 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Energy: Wave Energy

49 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Energy: Wave Energy

1 2 3

Wave direction

4 5

COLUMBIA POWER’s wave power system: The wings and vertical spar
react to the shape of the passing ocean swell. Each wing is coupled by a
drive shaft to turn its own rotary generator.
50 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Energy: Wave Energy

COLUMBIA POWER engineers doubled

efficiency of the buoy by using ANSYS AQWA to
optimize its geometry.

51 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Energy: Wave Energy

Maxwell computational
electromagnetics software
from ANSYS was used to
optimize the generator
design.

52 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Overview

• Brief Introduction to ANSYS

• Selected Simulation Applications
– Environmental
– Pollution dispersion, cleanup, scouring,
ocean currents, noise …
– Energy
– Wave energy, tidal energy, energy
environmental impact
– Marine
– Hull design, propulsion, system design,
sensor design ….

53 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Propulsion Systems

Rolls-Royce uses simulation for propeller design to reduce

marine fuel consumption.
According to a 2003 study from the University of Delaware, international
commercial and military shipping fleets consume approximately 289 million
metric tons of petroleum per year, which is more than twice the consumption of
the entire population of Germany. The ANSYS FLUENT simulations run on the The new Kamewa
CP-A propeller
modified propeller geometry predicted that the efficiency would increase by 1 from Rolls-Royce
percent to 1.5 percent, and physical experiments confirmed that this was, in Marine
fact, the case.

Contours of pressure coefficient for the XF5 (left) and the new Kamewa CP-A (right). Insets: Photographs of the blade indicating the locations of the
simulation where cavitation is present (noticeable as pitting). ANSYS FLUENT results helped reduce pressure at the blade root in the CP-A design, indicated
by the lack of cavitation erosion present in the CP-A photo.
54 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011
 Propulsion Systems

Cavitation Effects
For water pumps, marine propellers, and other
equipment involving hydrofoils, cavitation can cause
problems such as vibration, increased hydrodynamic
drag, pressure pulsation, noise, and erosion on solid
surfaces. Most of these problems are related to the
transient behaviour of cavitation structures. To better
understand these phenomena, unsteady 3D simulations
of cavitating flow around single hydrofoils are often
performed and the results are compared to experiments

Unsteady propeller cavitation in the wake of a ship

55 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011 Courtesy SVA-Potsdam (Potsdam Model Basin)
 Propulsion (including Cavitation)
Cavitating Flow Over a Hydrofoil
Cavitating flow over a cambered two-dimensional wing
section was simulated using ANSYS Fluent CFD solver. The
flow angle over the NACA 66 (MOD) hydrofoil is chosen to
represent conditions that are common in water pump and
marine propeller applications. Excellent agreement with
experimental data is obtained for mid-chord cavitation, and
satisfactory agreement is obtained at the trailing edge of the
cavitation region.

Pressure coefficient as a function of normalized chord length

showing ANSYS Fluent results compared with experimental data

Contours of vapour volume fraction show cavitation in the mid-chord region

56 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Marine: Sensor Design

57 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Marine: Sensor Design

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 Marine: Sensor Design

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 Marine: Sensor Design

60 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Conclusions

ANSYS offers a broad and technically deep set of

physics based research and engineering
software tools which foster understanding,
innovation as well as save time and money

ANSYS is a strong partner for both academic and

industrial organizations seeking such goals

61 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011

 Thanks You!

Questions?

marshall.loewenstein@ansys.com
Ian.lockley@ansys.com
62 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. August 12, 2011