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When satellite systems, and LANDSAT™ is the best known example, became
capable of collecting not only spatial data but spectral data as well, researchers
found they had a new and very useful tool. They now had to learn what it was
telling them and to discover its applications. To do that they needed to
understand the spectral properties of the materials, such as rocks, soil,
vegetation and minerals seen at the Earth’s surface.
Reflectance spectroscopy can be defined as the technique that uses the energy
in the Visible (0.4-0.7), Near InfraRed (0.7-1.3) and Short Wave InfraRed (1.3-
2.5μm) wavelength regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (Figure 1) to
analyze minerals. The science and techniques of reflectance spectroscopy are
based on the spectral properties of materials. Certain atoms and molecules
absorb energy as a function of their atomic structures. The manifestation of this
takes the form of a reflectance spectrum,
~1.,8 μm OH SULFATES
b) Difracción de Rayos X
Inclusiones: Te - Ag - Bi
Historical Notes
1958 2003
Emissions
Electron Beam
Secondary Electrons Backscattered Electrons
Auger Electrons Characteristic X-Rays
Bremsstrahlung Kossel Diffraction
Heat Light from Cathodolum.
Material
Surface
Auger Electrons Secondary Electrons
Primary X-Ray
Excitation
Bremsstrahlung
Specimen
Secondary Fluorescence Current
Difference in mean
atomic weight is very low!
Beam Scanning
Light optical Image of Bravoite
In normal light zones are visible.
In normal light zones
are visible.
Most of the times no contrasts are visible in
Most of the times no
normal light, when the can be detected using contrasts are visible in
normal light, when
BSE or X-maps the can be detected
using BSE or X-maps
e) Fluorescencia de Rayos X
5 µm
Una manera de estimular la producción
de rayos x característicos en una H.-J. Bernhardt 2003
En los años 70s estuvieron disponibles las técnicas de plasma acoplado por
inducción (ICP). Las muestras son disueltas y luego mezcladas con gas
argón cuando son aspiradas a un generador de radio frecuencia, donde el
plasma (similar al de un tubo de luz fluorescente) es creado.