New products and future developments of refractories

at Refratechnik Cement

Holger Wirsing
Agenda

Technology of basic bricks for the use in the cement industry

Products and their advantages
Development of Refratechnik’s AF-Products
TOPMAG® A1
PERILEX® CF and Refratechnik‘s CF-series
KRONAL® Products
KRONEX® 20
Technology of basic bricks for the use in the cement industry
System of elastified basic brick grades
magnesia + porosity + modifier

elastifier like
grain size distribution/densification spinel/chrome ore/
Thermal: hercynite/pleonaste/
++ Operation Temperature
Thermal Shock
Thermal Gradients
zirconia/forsterite

Refractories

Mechanical:
Chemical:
Weight Of The Lining
++ Kiln Feed
Atmosphere
Products of
Abrasion
Cyclic Stresses
++
Chemical Reactions
Influences on the properties of basic refractory bricks

Resistor
+
Modifier
+
Technology of the refractory producer

Combination of properties relevant for application

Optimization fields for brick development
Optimization of wear behavior
PERILEX® CF coating + deformation
The aim is to design new useful combinations + alkalis
of the bricks properties CF-series alkalis + mechanical +
coating + thermochemical
ALMAG® AF alkalis + thermal
+ thermochemical
TOPMAG® AF alkalis + thermochemical
REFRAMAG® AF alkalis + coating
TOPMAG® A1 alkalis + mechanical
ALMAG® A1 alkalis + mechanical
MAGNUM® E thermochemical

KRONEX ® 20 alkalis
KRONAL® 50 AR alkalis + thermal
KRONAL® 63 AR alkalis + thermal shock
+ abrasion
KRONAL® 60 AR alkalis + thermal shock
Use of alternative fuels

Alternative materials => increase of volatile compounds and increased thermal load

Infiltrations resulting from

alternative fuels and raw materials

Tires, plastics Contaminated soil local overloads

Household waste Fullers earth temporary instable
Waste oil, solvents Foundry sand conditions
Sewage sludge, bone meal
Fly ash
Animal fat
Glass
etc.
Gypsum
etc.
Development of Refratechnik’s AF-Products
Refractory solutions for alkali loaded cement kilns

Problems to solve:
reinforcement of the alkali resistance
without decreasing the thermal resistance
without decreasing the flexibility

Basic bricks:
physical reinforcement = Refratechnik‘s AF-Technology
System of elastified basic brick grades

Magnesia + Porosity + Elastifier good performance

Magnesia +
X
Porosity + Elastifier mechanically sensitive

Magnesia + Porosity +
X
Elastifier mechanically sensitive
Parts of England spall off too....for almost the same reason...
Alkali-spalling of basic linings
Alkali-spalling of basic bricks

standard magnesia spinel brick

Correlation between modulus of elasticity and porosity
Standard bricks

45

Risk of Spalling
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa)

30

Area of Safe Operation

15

13 15 17 19

Porosity (%)
Pore structure of magnesia spinel brick grades

standard magnesia spinel brick TOPMAG® AF

Comparison between standard magnesia spinel bricks and AF-Products

150
Standarsized Properties [%]

100

50

0
Bulk Density Porosity Permeability CCS MOR Modulus of
Elasticity
AF Products Standard Products
Correlation between modulus of elasticity and porosity
Standard bricks and AF-Products
45

Risk of Spalling
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa)

30

AF-Products

Area of Safe Operation

15

13 15 17 19

Porosity (%)
Advanced performance of AF-products under increased alkali load
12

Risk of Spalling
10
Advance

8
Strength of AF-Products
Strength of
Mechanical Load

Standard Bricks
6

Stand. bricks AF-Products

4

0
Area of Safe Operation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Increasing Alkali Saturation during Service Time
Compensation of increased mechanical loads
12

Risk of Spalling
10
Advance

Strength of AF-Products
8

Strength of
Standard Bricks
Mechanical Load

Stand. bricks AF-Products

4

0
Area of Safe Operation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Increasing Alkali Saturation during Service Time

ALMAG® AF/TOPMAG® AF
standard magnesia spinel brick ALMAG® AF

CCS: 96 MPa
G-modulus: 33 GPa CCS: 165 MPa
RTWB: 2.9*10-3 G-modulus: 54 GPa
RTWB: 3.1*10-3
CCS: 21 MPa
G-modulus: 15 GPa CCS: 45 MPa
RTWB: 1.3*10-3 G-modulus: 9 GPa
RTWB: 5.0*10-3
ALMAG® AF/TOPMAG® AF/REFRAMAG® AF

Characteristics of Refratechnik Cement Magnesia-Spinel AF-Products

Higher Density Refratechnik Cement GmbH

Rudolf-Winkel-Strasse 1
D 37079 Göttingen
REFRATECHNIK
Phone +49 551 69410
Fax +49 551 6941104
Telex 96811
email refra@refra.com
www.refra.com

Lower Apparent Porosity REFRATECHNIK

Refratechnik Cement GmbH
Rudolf-Winkel-Strasse 1
D 37079 Göttingen
Phone +49 551 69410

ALMAG® AF Fax +49 551 6941104

Telex 96811
email refra@refra.com
www.refra.com

Rohstoffbasis Raw material basis Angegeben sind die Werte

Magnesia-Schmelzspinell Magnesia-fused spinel von Qualitätsmerkmalen,

REFRATECHNIK
Refratechnik Cement GmbH
die nach oder in Anlehnung Rudolf-Winkel-Strasse 1
an DIN-Vorschriften an ma- D 37079 Göttingen
Physikalische Daten Physical properties schinengepressten Stan- Phone +49 551 69410
Rohdichte g/cm3 Bulk density g/cm3 2.95 - 3.10 dardformaten ermittelt
Fax +49 551 6941104

Lower Permeability TOPMAG® AF

Offene Porosität % Apparent porosity % 13 - 15 werden. Es handelt sich um
Telex 96811
Kaltdruckfestigkeit Cold crushing strength typische Richtwerte, die
email refra@refra.com
N/mm2 N/mm2 70 nicht als verbindliche Spezi-
www.refra.com
fikation gelten. Alle anders
Druckfeuerbeständigkeit Refractoriness under load lautenden, vorher veröffent-
lichten Werte werden durch
°C °C Rohstoffbasis Raw material
die hier angegebenen er- basis Angegeben sind die Werte
ta ta > 1700
Magnesia-Schmelzspinell Magnesia-fused
setzt und damit ungültig. spinel von Qualitätsmerkmalen,
te te > 1700
Bitte beachten Sie unsere die nach oder in Anlehnung
umseitigen Lagervorschrif- an DIN-Vorschriften an ma-
Segerkegel Pyrometric cone
equivalent S.C. > 42 Physikalische Daten ten. Physical properties schinengepressten Stan-
®
Wärmedehnung lin.-% Thermal expansion lin.-%
Rohdichte g/cm3
Offene Porosität % Stand
Bulk density g/cm3
Apparent porosity %
4/2002 REFRAMAG AF
2.90 - 3.05
15 - 17
dardformaten ermittelt
werden. Es handelt sich um
typische Richtwerte, die
bei 400 °C at 400 °C 0.4 Kaltdruckfestigkeit Cold crushing strength
nicht als verbindliche Spezi-
2 N/mm2
bei 800 °C at 800 °C 0.9 N/mm 70
fikation gelten. Alle anders

Higher Modulus of Rupture

bei 1200 °C at 1200 °C 1.4 The stated values are qua-
Druckfeuerbeständigkeit Refractoriness under load lautenden, vorher veröffent-
lity characteristics deter- Rohstoffbasis Raw material basis
lichten Werte werden durch Angegeben sind die Werte
Temperaturwechsel- Thermal shock resistance °C °C Magnesia-Spinell Magnesia-spinel von Qualitätsmerkmalen,
mined for machine-pressed die hier angegebenen er-
beständigkeit 950 °C/Luft 950 °C/air 100 ta ta
standard shapes in accor-
> 1700 die nach oder in Anlehnung
setzt und damit ungültig.
te te > 1700 an DIN-Vorschriften an ma-
dance with or with reference Bitte beachten Sie unsere
Wärmeleitzahl Thermal conductivity Physikalische Daten Physical properties schinengepressten Stan-
to DIN specifications. They umseitigen Lagervorschrif- 3
W/m·K W/m·K Segerkegel Pyrometric cone Rohdichte g/cm3 ten. Bulk density g/cm 2.85 - 3.00
are typical standard values dardformaten ermittelt
bei 300 °C at 300 °C 4.2 equivalent S.C. > 42Offene Porosität % Apparent porosity % 15 - 17 werden. Es handelt sich um
which cannot be considered
bei 700 °C at 700 °C 3.2 as binding specifications. Kaltdruckfestigkeit Stand Cold
3/2002crushing
strength typische Richtwerte, die
bei 1000 °C at 1000 °C 2.9 Wärmedehnung lin.-% Thermal expansion lin.-% nicht als verbindliche Spezi-
All previously published N/mm2 N/mm2 65
bei 400 °C at are
technical data 400replaced
°C 0.4 fikation gelten. Alle anders
bei 800 °C by the valuesatstated
800 herein
°C 0.9 Druckfeuerbeständigkeit Refractoriness under load lautenden, vorher veröffent-
Chemische Analyse Chemical analysis bei 1200 °C at 1200
and thus become °C
invalid. 1.4 °C °C values are qua-
The stated
lichten Werte werden durch
Gewicht % weight % Kindly follow our storage ta ta
lity characteristics deter- > 1700 die hier angegebenen er-
MgO MgO 85 - 89Temperaturwechsel- instructionsThermal
stated on shock resistance te mined tefor machine-pressed > 1700 setzt und damit ungültig.
Al2O3 Al2O3 9 - 12 beständigkeit 950 °C/Luft reverse. 950 °C/air 100 standard shapes in accor-
Bitte beachten Sie unsere

Optimized Elasticity
umseitigen Lagervorschrif-
Fe 2O3 ca. Fe 2O3 approx. 0.5 Segerkegel dance Pyrometric cone
with or with reference
Wärmeleitzahl Thermal conductivity
State 4/2002 to DIN equivalent
specifications.S.C. ten.
CaO ca. CaO approx. 1.0 W/m·K They > 42
W/m·K are typical standard values
SiO2 ca. SiO2 approx. 0.4
bei 300 °C at 300 °C 4.1 Wärmedehnung lin.-% which Thermal expansion lin.-%
cannot be considered
Stand 7/2003
bei 700 °C at 700 °C 3.1 bei 400 °C at 400
as binding °C
specifications. 0.4
bei 1000 °C at 1000 °C 2.9 bei 800 °C at 800published
All previously °C 0.9
Mörtel Mortar
% des Steingewichtes % weight of brick bei 1200 °C at 1200
technical data are°Creplaced 1.5
by the values stated herein The stated values are qua-
AG-R-Mörtel AG-R-Mortar 1.5 - 4
Chemische Analyse Chemical analysis Temperaturwechsel- Thermal
and thus become shock
invalid. resistance lity characteristics deter-
Gewicht % weight % mined for machine-pressed
beständigkeit 950 °C/Luft Kindly 950
follow°C/air
our storage 100
standard shapes in accor-
MgO MgO 84 - 88 instructions stated on
dance with or with reference
Al2O3 Al2O3 9 - Wärmeleitzahl
12 Thermal conductivity
reverse.
to DIN specifications. They
Fe 2O3 ca. Fe2O3 approx. 0.5 W/m·K W/m·K
are typical standard values
CaO ca. CaO approx. 1.1 bei 300 °C at 300 °C
State 3/2002 4.0
which cannot be considered
SiO2 ca. SiO2 approx. 0.5 bei 700 °C at 700 °C 3.0
as binding specifications.
bei 1000 °C at 1000 °C 2.8
All previously published
technical data are replaced
Mörtel Mortar by the values stated herein
% des Steingewichtes % weight of brick Chemische Analyse Chemical analysis
and thus become invalid.
Gewicht % weight %
AG-R-Mörtel AG-R-Mortar 1.5 - 4 Kindly follow our storage
MgO MgO 82 - 87
instructions stated on
Al2O3 Al2O3 11 - 14 reverse.
Fe 2O3 ca. Fe2O3 approx. 0.8
CaO ca. CaO approx. 1.4 State 7/2003
SiO2 ca. SiO2 approx. 0.9

Mörtel Mortar
% des Steingewichtes % weight of brick
AG-R-Mörtel AG-R-Mortar 1.5 - 4
 thermal:
working temperature
AF-products - gradient of temperature

comparison

chemical: mechanical:
raw material weight of instalation
atmosphere abrasion
reaction products (rotation/ deformation/
ovality)

special case alcalis:

fuel
raw material
AF-Technology

Products according the AF-Technology:

ALMAG® AF / TOPMAG® AF / REFRAMAG® AF

ALMAG® A1 / TOPMAG® A1

PERILEX® CF and the hole CF-series

TOPMAG® A1
Super elastified product with AF characteristics
Application behaviour of AF-Products

As aimed at in the stage of development, AF products reach good lifetimes at

increased and high alkali load in most of their applications.
In those cases where some additional stresses are caused by the mechanical
condition of the customers‘ units, the number of loads cannot be compensated
anymore.
Thermally sensitive kiln sections, such as tyres, are partly endangered by the
higher thermal conductivity of AF-products.

⇒ Demand for: a more elastic product with reduced thermal conductivity that still
shows all the AF properties
TOPMAG® A1
Concept

ALMAG® A1 + AF-experience = TOPMAG® A1

experience with
super elastification

spinel ?
→ fused, sintered, in-situ, matrix, insitu-matrix, combinations ?

After investigation realised by addition

of increased amounts of fused spinel
TOPMAG® A1
Properties of the AF-Product with optimised elasticity

AF-Products TOPMAG® A1

BD (bulk density) 2.97 g/cm3 BD 2.96 g/cm3

OP (open porosity) 14.9 Vol-% OP 15.2 Vol-%
TSR (thermal shock res.) + TSR +
MoE (modulus of elasticity) 26 GPa MoE 18 GPa
CCS (cold crushing strength) 100 MPa CCS 90 MPa
MOR (modulus of rupture) 6 MPa MOR 5 MPa
TOPMAG® A1
Alkali-crucible test according DIN 51069, increased testing temperature

conventional magnesia-spinel brick TOPMAG® A1

TOPMAG® A1
Mechanically resistant magnesia fused
Raw material basis: Magnesia-fused spinel
spinel brick TOPMAG® A1
Physical properties
Bulk density 2.90-3.05 g/cm³
Apparent porosity 15-17 %
Cold crushing strength 65 N/mm²
Refractoriness under load ta > 1700 °C
te > 1700 °C
Pyrometric cone equivalent S.C. > 42
Thermal expansion at 400 °C 0.3 lin.-%
at 800 °C 0.9
at 1200 °C 1.4 Properties:
Thermal shock high resistance to alkali salt condensates,
resistance (950 °C/air) 100 typical AF-characteristics
Thermal conductivity at 1000 °C 2.6 W/mK improved structural elasticity
(ASTM) insensitive to redox
Chemical analysis weight-%
MgO 77-81
Fields of application:
Al2O3 17-20 tyre area in upper transition zones
Fe2O3 approx. 0.5 tyre area in lower transition zones of
CaO approx. 1.1 kilns subjected to normal thermochemical load
SiO2 approx. 0.5
TOPMAG® A1

high spinel content

improved coating behaviour
very high elasticity
AF properties

reduced heat transfer

 thermal load:
TOPMAG® A1 process temperature
thermal shock
ALMAG® AF temperature gradients

chemical load: mechanical load:

raw meal brick weight
atmosphere abrasion
reaction products others
(rotation/ deformation/
ovality)

Fields of application:
alkali load: tyre area in upper transition zones
fuel
raw materials
tyre area in lower transition and mechanically
stressed sintering zones subjected to normal
thermochemical load
PERILEX® CF
“Chrome-ore-free“ elastified brick for the central burning zone
Steps of PERILEX® CF development

PERILEX® 80 ALMAG® 85
alpine magnesia + chrome ore high purity magnesia + spinel

FERROMAG® 90 ALMAG® AF
pure magnesia + hercynite high purity magnesia + fused spinel
reinforced by AF-structure

FERROMAG® F1
pure magnesia + fused pleonaste
reinforced by AF-structure

PERILEX® CF (Chrome-Ore Free)

alpine magnesia + fused pleonaste
reinforced by AF-structure
PERILEX® CF
-Optimised Lining Concept

Economical Optimisation by selection of products according the observed specific wear

conditions in the rotary kiln:
Sections lined with basic bricks

Central burning zone Transition zones

Stable conditions and Instable conditions and No coating, the refractory has to
coating coating resist atmospherical conditions
without any protection

Stabilisation by the use of

coating friendly product

Reduced thermal stresses and

lower chemical reaction rates High thermal and chemical stresses

High refractoriness and purity is

Possibillity for optimum adaption of needed
mechanical resistance,
thermoplastical properties
PERILEX® CF
“Chrome-ore-free“ elastified brick for the central burning zone

Resistor + Elastifier
alpine magnesia + fused pleonastic spinel

AF-Technology

central burning zone and upper transition zone

subjected to normal thermal load

very coating friendly

high alkali resistance
high infiltration resistance
good elasticity
low sensitivity against mechanical loads
PERILEX® CF
Production of fused pleonastic spinel

MgO·Al2O3 (Mg,Fe)O·Al2O3 FeO·Al2O3

MA spinel pleonaste spinel hercynite

Advantages: Optimised coating formation and higher clinker melt resistance

combined with iron oxide content, less sensible against redox-load
compared to hercynite containing products
Comparison of microstructures

Fused pleonaste spinel (PERILEX® CF) Fused hercynite

Resulting from intensive sientific research about the ternary system MgO-Al2O3-FexOy
and the elastifying power of mineral phases from that system.
Types of wear in case of magnesia chromite bricks

Hot face clinker Salt infiltration Alkali chromate Redox conditions

melt infiltration formation
Types of wear in case of magnesia chromite bricks and PERILEX® CF

X
Hot face clinker
melt infiltration X
Salt infiltration
X
Alkali chromate
formation (X)
Redox conditions
Physical properties of PERILEX CF and magnesia chromite Brick

Magnesia Chromite
PERILEX CF

Refractoriness Mechanical- Elasticity Resistance to

Thermomechanical Infiltration
Resistance
PERILEX CF and magnesia chromite
Alkali-crucible test according DIN 51069, increased testing temperature

Magnesia chromite PERILEX CF

chrome ore disintegration no alkali reaction
PERILEX® CF
Raw material basis: Magnesia-fMA spinel
Physical properties
Density 2.95-3.10 g/cm³
Apparent porosity 13-15 %
Cold crushing strength 70 N/mm²
Refractoriness under load ta 1600 °C
te 1700 °C
Pyrometric cone
equivalent S.C. 42
Thermal expansion at 400 °C 0.4 lin.-%
at 800 °C 1.0 Properties:
at 1200 °C 1.6
good flexibility including high strength
Thermal shock resistance (950 °C/air) 100 high resistance to salt condensates
Thermal conductivity better coating adherence than the
(ASTM) 1000 °C 2.8 W/mK highly pure magnesia-spinel bricks

Chemical analysis weight-%

Application area:
MgO 78-82
Al2O3 5-7
sintering zones/ upper transition zones with
Fe2O3 approx. 8-10 normal thermal stress but loaded by salts
CaO approx. 2.3
SiO2 approx. 1.1
 thermal load:
Magnesia chromite process temperature
thermal shock
versus temperature gradients

PERILEX® CF

chemical load: mechanical load:

raw meal brick weight
atmosphere abrasion
reaction products others
(rotation/ deformation/
ovality)

PERILEX® CF

alkali load:
fuel
raw materials
 thermal load:
Magnesia hercynite process temperature
thermal shock
versus temperature gradients

PERILEX® CF

chemical load: mechanical load:

raw meal brick weight
atmosphere abrasion
reaction products others
(rotation/ deformation/
ovality)

PERILEX® CF

alkali load:
fuel
raw materials
Extension to Refratechnik’s CF-Series

PERILEX® CF REFRAMAG® CF TOPMAG® CF ALMAG® CF magnesia-spinel

(highly densified)
Bulk Density [g/cm3] 3.09 3.07 3.04 3.02 3.01
App. Porosity [%] 14.60 14.70 14.89 14.60 14.25
E-Modul [GPa] 22.80 20.50 22.30 25.00 23.60
G-Modul [GPa] 10.70 9.90 10.50 11.40 11.10
CCS [MPa] 103.00 92.00 87.00 90.00 90.00
MOR [MPa] 5.70 5.60 5.45 6.10 5.80
RuL, DE: T05 [°C] 1520 1610 1671 >1700 >1700

HMOR 1200 [°C] 12.2 12.3 12.8 13.9 7.7

„Changing“ Refractoriness by changing the ratio of high purity magnesia : alpine sintered magnesia, all of the CF-products
are elastified with fused pleonaste
Extension to Refratechnik’s CF-Series

PERILEX® CF REFRAMAG® CF TOPMAG® CF ALMAG® CF

KRONAL®AR-Product line
Silicon carbide reinforced alumina products with increased alkali resistance
Use of alternative fuels

20 %-100 % alternative fuels => increase of volatile compounds and increased thermal load

Infiltration and reaction:

A3S2 + 16 S +3 K 3 KAS6 (feldspare) local overloads
A3S2 + 10 S +3 K 3 KAS4 (leucite) temporary instable
2 A3S2 + 8 S +6 K 6 KAS2 (kalsilite) conditions
11 A+ K + N (K,N)A11 (ß-corundum)
Alkali attack on alumina bricks and concretes
Formation of new minerals combined with overheating
Refractory solutions for alkali loaded cement kilns

Problems to solve:
reinforcement of the thermal resistance together with ...
... reinforcement of the alkali resistance

Basic bricks:
physical reinforced materials like Refratechnik‘s AF-products

Conventional alumina materials:

combination of both, high refractoriness and high alkali resistance, is not possible
Properties of SiC

Positive: Negative:
ability to form protective layers, sensible against oxygen,
high refractoriness, high thermal conductivity,
high thermal shock resistance, price!
high hot abrasion resistance

Conclusion:
Conventional SiC-containing materials (approx. > 40 % SiC) cannot be used extensively in
cement kilns because of their high thermal conductivity and from an economic point of view.

Question:
How much SiC is necessary to increase the alkali resistance of alumina materials?
Results of development
Alkali-crucible test according DIN 51069

Brick with 50 % Al2O3 KRONAL® 50 AR with low SiC content

Results of development
Microstructure after alkali attack

dense layer

SiC

phase
transformation

Brick with ~50 % Al2O3 KRONAL® 50 AR with low SiC

Results of development
Properties of classical high alumina bricks and alkali resistant high alumina brick grade
High alumina brick KRONAL® 50 AR
containing new development
~50 % Al2O3
Bulk density (g/cm3) 2.30 - 2.50 2.30 - 2.45
Porosity (%) 14 - 18 13 - 15
CCS (N/mm2) 60 70
Refractoriness under load
ta (°C) 1450 1450
te (°C) 1650 1700
Thermal conductivity W/(m·K) 1.4 1.5
(at 1000 °C)
chem. composition
Al2O3 50 - 55 48 - 53
SiO2 40 - 45 37 - 42
Fe2O3 1.5 1.5
SiC - 3-6
Performance of KRONAL® 50 AR

after ~14 months of operation after ~21 months of operation

Lining installed in a security zone. Lifetime of conventional high alumina
bricks: 6-8 month. Current lifetime: 21 months. Still in use!
Increased SiC content
Use of small SiC amounts
3-6 %
Products with properties very close
to standard high alumina materials,
but with additionally high alkali
resistance
Brick: KRONAL® 50 AR
Use of higher SiC amounts
> 14 %
Trouble shooters with high hot abrasion-,
alkali-, thermal shock and thermal resistance
for special kiln zones,
increased thermal conductivity has to be
respected!
Bricks: KRONAL® 63 AR
Results of development
Properties of high alumina bricks and of a new brick grade containing 23 - 27 % SiC
High alumina brick KRONAL® 63 AR
containing new development
~60-63 % Al2O3
Bulk density (g/cm3) 2.55 - 2.70 2.50 - 2.65
Porosity (%) 12 - 14 14 - 16
CCS (N/mm2) 70 55
Refractoriness under load
ta (°C) 1700 1550
te (°C) >1700 1700
Thermal conductivity (W/(m·K)
(at 1000 °C) 1.6 3.6
Chemical composition
Al2O3 59 - 63 42 - 46
SiO2 33 - 37 26 - 30
Fe2O3 1.0 1.0
SiC - 23 - 27
Performance of KRONAL® 63 AR

75% Al2O3
Lining installed in a kiln
outlet section next to
conventional bauxite
bricks.
KRONAL® 63 AR

75% Al2O3
Performance of KRONAL® 63 AR

75% Al2O3
Same installation after 10
month of service time.
KRONAL® 63 AR
Constant further development of main high alumina bricks

Standard Products Alkali Resistance

high alkali- and thermal shock

KRONEX® 50 KRONAL® 50 AR
resistance;

high alkali- and thermal shock

KRONAL® 60 AR
resistance; high refractoriness

high alkali-, abrasion- and thermal

REFRALUSIT® 63 KRONAL® 63 AR
shock resistance; high refractoriness
K2CO3 crucible test (DIN 51069): KRONAL® 50 AR, KRONAL® 63 AR,
and KRONAL® 60 AR

No infiltration due to in-situ formation of a protective layer (in-situ sealing)/self-

sealing effect, alkali repellent matrix

KRONAL 50® AR KRONAL 60® AR KRONAL 63® AR

Fields of application of KRONAL® 50/60 AR

Typical areas of application

Safety Zone
Calcining Zone
Kiln Hood
Cooler

Anchor brick for alkali resistant

monolithic linings
Fields of application of KRONAL® 63 AR

Typical areas of application

Outlet zone (behind burner tip)

Inlet zone of cooler,
Elbows of satellite cooler tubes
Side walls in kiln hood
Cooler curbs (kerbs)

Special application in the

grate cooler and satellite cooler
tubes
Acidic Fire Clay Brick KRONEX® 20 with AR Properties
KRONEX® 20 - appearance, requirements

SiC-free product with low alumina content to

minimize alkali interaction at higher temperatures
due to effective melting phase sealing (≥1000 °C),
including reduced alkali expansion at <1000 °C.

0
KRONEX® 20 - comparison with other products

KRONEX® 20 KRONEX® 30 KRONEX® 40 KRONAL® 50 AR

Density g/cm3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
App. Porosity % 19.5 15.3 15.7 12.5
CCS MPa 55 57 67 95

TSR (1200 °C) cycles >50 >50 >50 >50

DE:Dmax lin.-% 0.65 0.73 0.72 0.6

ta °C 1200 1400 1400 1450

te °C 1400 1620 1650 1700
KRONEX® 20
SiO2
Reinforced fireclay product with
increased alkali resistance
KRONEX® 20
Alkali resistance compared to Fireclay brick with ~30 % alumina
other fireclay bricks
Fireclay brick with ~40 % alumina

K2O Al2O3
KRONEX® 20
reinforced fireclay product with increased alkali resistance

K2CO3-crucible test (800°C/ 5 h) K2CO3-crucible test (1100°C/ 5 h)

KRONEX® 20, no hints of “erosion edges“ (arrows)

KRONEX® 20
reinforced fireclay product with increased alkali resistance

Expansion during K2CO3- crubcible test/average values (800°C and 1000°C / 20 h)

KRONEX® 20 KRONEX® 30 KRONEX® 40

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