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TABLEOF CONTENTS
ACRONYMES ............................................................................................................................................. 3
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................................................. 4
LIVESTOCK TRAINERS & CONSULTANTS ........................................................................................ 5
THE TRAINING PROGRAMME ............................................................................................................... 6
OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................................... 6
DESIGNING OF TRAINING CURRICULUM ..................................................................................... 6
TRAINING APPROACHES ................................................................................................................... 7
TRAINING METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 7
TRAINING SCHEDULE............................................................................................................................. 8
DAY -1.................................................................................................................................................... 10
DAY -2.................................................................................................................................................... 12
DAY -3.................................................................................................................................................... 13
DAY-4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
DAY-5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
DAY-6 ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
DAY-7 ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
DAY-8 ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
DAY-9 ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
DAY-10 .................................................................................................................................................. 24
DAY-11 .................................................................................................................................................. 26
DAY-12 .................................................................................................................................................. 28
ANNEX -1 LIST OF TRAINEES FOR THE TRAINING ON LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY .................................................................................................................. 29
ANNEX- 2 FINAL EXAMINATION ......................................................................................................... 31
October 4, 2010
ACRONYMES
Development
UST Urea Straw Treatment
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
LTC works as Training Services Provider and is imparting training in various disciplines of
livestock sector in collaboration with Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences KP
Agricultural University Peshawar. Training on the Basics of livestock Management and
Animal Husbandry for female farmers of District Swat was first collaboration of Lasoona,
Society for human and Natural Resource Development, a well reputed organization in
Malakand division, and LTC. By Grace of ALLAH ALMIGHTY, LTC has tried its best to
provide quality training as per its commitment.
First of all I am Thankful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY for His Blessings and Help. Secondly I
extend my sincere gratitude to the whole management of Lasoona in general and Mr. Ihsan,
Project Manager Pakistan Job Project Lasoona, in particular for his support, best
coordination and trust.
I am grateful to the Executive Director Lasoona Mr. Azam Khan and Mr. Asghar Khan,
Program Manager Planning, Monitoring & Evaluation, for their trust and confidence shown in
LTC. Let me extend my gratitude to Mr. Iftikhar Uddin Director KP Pakistan Jobs Project, Mr.
Asad Ali NRM Coordinator PaRRSA and Mr. Hakim Khan Agriculture Sector Specialist
Pakistan Job Project for their full support and cooperation. I applaud the remarkable efforts
of Dr. Ihsan Ullah, Livestock Specialist PJP Lasoona, for his zeal, effective coordination,
overall supervision and successful arrangements of this training. The services and
cooperation of the female staff of Lasoona, involved in the said training is also highly
commendable.
The conduction of this training was a team work and I appreciate the efforts of my team
members. Engr: Zia Ullah Khan, Dr. Zakir Hussain, Dr. Saeed Ullah Khan, Dr. Shaista Jan,
Miss Rehana Yasmeen, Miss Hamida, Miss Mihnaz and Miss Tafhim Bibi. They have
supported me and made the training a successful event.
In last but not the least, I extend my personal feelings of gratitude to the Chairman LTC
Dr. Nazir Ahmad. I felt his presence and support whenever I needed. I am highly thankful to
October 4, 2010
Shaukat Khan
Program Director
LTC KP Peshawar
“People are born with intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, and dignity, curiosity to learn and joy
in learning”
W. Edwards Deming
Livestock plays a vital role in the national economy which accounts 51.8% of the agriculture
value added and 11.3% of the total GDP. The contribution of livestock is 6.1% more than the
combined contribution of major and minor crops (Economic survey of Pakistan 2009). The
role of livestock in the rural economy may be realized from the fact that 30-35 million of the
rural population is involved in livestock raising, having household holdings of 2-3
cattle/buffalo and 5-6 sheep/goat per family which help them to drive 30-40 % of their
income from it.
OBJECTIVES
♣ To transfer modern animal husbandry practices for wider adoption and replication.
The training curriculum contains most of the topics which were of crucial importance for the
farmers that are involved in dairy. This curriculum has been developed for dairy farmers and
tested with successful results in the farming community during the trainings. Timely
suggestions and valuable inputs both from the farmers and experts have been incorporated
for improvement. However for further improvement, there is still a vacuum that has to be
filled from time to time with valuable inputs from the farmers and experts as well. But after
the arrival of the trainees, Livestock Trainers & Consultants conducted a Training Need
Assessment session to evaluate the participants and to address the problems faced by them
in their real life so that to make the training programme more purposeful.
TRAINING APPROACHES
LTC believes in quality and is therefore committed to conduct practical based trainings so as
to equip the trainees with new skills and knowledge. Our trainers are more person’s centered
and less subject centered by exercising unique training approaches
TRAINING METHODOLOGY
The most important thing in a training programme is its training methodology that can make
the training programme more fruitful and result oriented. The result of every training
programme is the acquisition of knowledge, building of skill and change in the attitude of the
participants. This training was more than 70% practical oriented with unique training
methodologies of Trail Error and Learning by Doing. Our training methodologies enable the
trainees to feel the gap where they were and where they wanted to be.
October 4, 2010
TRAINING SCHEDULE
To achieve the desired objectives and outcomes following activities were scheduled in the
12 days training programme.
Day-1
Registration and distribution of the school items.
Official opening.
Training Need Assessment
Introduction to livestock feeding
Health signs
Day-2
Maintenance and production requirements of animals
Pre-requisites of animal housing.
Advantages of AI
Disease signs.
Day-3
Feeding of dairy animals.
Live weight estimation
H.S & its control
Day-4
Hand milking.
Feeding of dry animals
Heat detection
FMD & its control
Day-5
Calf feeding
Lighting in animal shed and its effect on fertility
Cleaning of animal shed
Urea straw treatment
Day-6
October 4, 2010
Calving Management
Feeding of young stock
Flushing & fertility Management of sheep and goat
Hay making
Black Quarter Disease and its Control
Day-7
Concentrates preparation from local ingredients
Seasonal pneumonia
Judging of dairy animal
Sheep and goat housing & its effect on production
Day-8
Mastitis and Surf test
Management of pregnant animal
Feeding of sheep & goat
Watering and its effects on production
Day-9
Restraining of animal
Colostrum feeding
Enterotoxaemia
First Aid
Day-10
PPR
CCPP
Vaccination Schedule
Day-11
Vaccination of animals
Feeding of pregnant animal
Ventilation and its importance
Ecto &endo parasites
Deworming of animals
Day-12
Record keeping
Examination
Evaluation
Closing Ceremony & award of Certificates
October 4, 2010
DAY -1
DAY -2
2.1-Maintenance and production requirements of animals
The objective of the session was to enable the trainees so that they can provide sufficient
feed to their animals for maintenance of their bodies and production in form of milk and
meat. The participants were trained with the help of charts regarding proper feeding of their
animals.
2.3-Advantages of AI
Artificial Insemination is one of the cheapest and reasonable ways in breed improvement.
There are also concerns of the community regarding Artificial Insemination. In the session
the trainees were told with help of A.I leaflets and messages posters about the advantages
of A.I. The session was totally interactive in nature,
where participants took keen interest. The
participants were also told about the proper timing
of A.I in order to get high conception rate.
2.4-Disease signs
In previous day the trainees were told about the
health signs while in this session they were
October 4, 2010
DAY -3
3.1-Feeding of dairy animals
Mostly people ignore proper feeding of dairy animals. The aim of the session was to
sensitize the participants about proper feeding especially in
dairy animals. The learned trainers told the participants
about the requirements of dairy animals on basis of their
body weights and kg of milk production. Besides this
economic aspects of the feed was highlighted, as the feed
costs about 70-80% of the total costs of animals keeping.
They stressed the need for efficient utilization and
minimum losses of the animal feed so as to reduce the
cost of production.
Figure 3.1 Conventional feeding of straw & wheat
bran to dairy animals
Hemorrhagic Septicemia is a very fatal highly contagious disease of large animals that is
endemic in Swat and cause huge losses in the form of animal mortality. Early diagnosis and
early treatment is the only mean to save animal life. The participants were told about the
visible signs and symptoms of the disease so that in case of breakout they could timely
detect the disease. The trainees were also told about the prophylactic measures regarding
this fatal disease.
DAY-4
4.1-Hand milking
Improper and faulty hand milking practices prone the animal to mastitis that causes huge
financial loss to the farmers. The participants of the training were guided in proper hand
milking techniques. Learning by doing technique and hands on training approach was fully
applied during the session. The participants practiced proper hand milking on live animal.
Figure 4.2 Look at me how I do ---- and now do with your own hands
October 4, 2010
They also informed the participants about the supplementation of concentrates in the feeding
of animals and its effects in the long run on animal production.
4.3-Heat detection
Proper heat detection has a significant role in fertility
management. The trainees were taught regarding
proper heat detection. The session was
demonstrated with the help of message posters and
charts. The whole sessions was based on asking
telling techniques. The methods and timings of heat
detection were discussed in very detail and emphasis
was given to the in time inseminations of animals in
order to get more animals in calf and shortened the
calving interval. These practices will save them
money and will result in profitable farming. Figure 4.3 heat detection and Insemination time
October 4, 2010
DAY-5
5.1-Calf feeding
Improper calf feeding is one of the most important pre-disposing causes of early mortality in
calves. The aim of this session was to educate the female participants regarding proper calf
feeding. The learned trainers demonstrated calf feeding with the help of charts and leaflets.
The activity was participatory where the trainees shared their experience and the trainers
fully guided them on proper feeding. During the session special attention was paid to
colostrum, (the first milk after calving having a lot of antibodies) that provides maternal
immunity to the calves in the inception of their life.
October 4, 2010
Figure 5.4 Air tight packing of Urea treated Straw for 3 weeks
DAY-6
6.1-Calving Management
Care of mother and calf before, during and after caving is highly significant. The participants
were properly educated about calving management. They were told the pre- delivery
management, including suitable place with enough space, soft bedding, presence of an
attendant etc. During parturition assistance should be provided if there is any difficult birth or
veterinary doctor should be called immediately. They were also guided regarding post
parturition management including mother and new born care. The session was based on
asking telling approach.
6.4-Hay making
Hay making locally known as “Pashakale”
is a local practice, but the farmers due to
their unawareness are unable to maintain
its nutritive value. The aim of the session
was to educate the trainees regarding
proper hay making and its storage to
maintain its nutritive value. The session was
October 4, 2010
October 4, 2010
DAY-7
7.1-Concentrates preparation from local ingredients
Balance concentrates feeding is a very rare practice in our traditional farming system.
People mostly provide cotton seed cake to their lactating animals. The objective of this
session was to guide and skill the trainees regarding concentrates preparation from locally
available ingredients. The participants were provided with cotton seed cake, Wheat bran,
breads, rice polish and minerals. They prepared concentrates (Vanda) with their own hands.
Figure 7.1 Concentrates preparation: When I do my self I remember for whole of my life
7.2-Seasonal pneumonia
Seasonal Pneumonia is a common disease
of sheep, goats and large animals as well.
The trainers discussed the signs and
symptoms of the disease with the participants of the training. The discussion was mostly
focused on the control of predisposing factors of the disease. They were also told about the
treatment and preventive measures of seasonal pneumonia.
DAY-8
8.1-Mastitis and Surf test
The objective of the session was to make aware the trainees from the hazards of mastitis
and it’s after effects. The trainers demonstrated the condition with the help of charts and
leaflets. Special designed message posters were displayed in the class room. Later on the
learned trainer demonstrated surf test for detection of sub-clinical mastitis. Surf test is a very
easy and field applicable test which can be performed by every female at her home
irrespective of her education. The participants took keen interest and performed the test with
their own hands as LTC applies hands on training approach in its trainings.
Figure 8.1 Trainer distributing Leaflets ---- Ingredients for Surf Test with Method in LTC Leaflet
Figure 8.3 Clean and fresh water is the right of our animals
October 4, 2010
DAY-9
9.1-Restraining of animal
In this training session the aim of the activity was to skilled the trainees in proper restraining
techniques. The trainers demonstrated restraining techniques on live animals and the
participants did with their own hands applying Learning by doing Methodology.
9.2-Colostrum feeding
Colostrum is a special gift from Allah Almighty to the new born. Colostrum is the initial lacteal
secretion just after parturition that is rich in anti-bodies against various diseases. The
trainers described in detail the significance of colostrum and its daily requirement for the new
born. The participants took keen interest in the topic.
9.3-Enterotoxaemia
Enterotoxaemia is a very fatal disease of sheep & goats and cause huge mortality in case of
outbreak. The trainers discussed with participants signs and symptoms of the disease. The
participants of the training were also told about the possible treatment and prevention of the
disease.
October 4, 2010
9.4-First Aid
There are various emergency conditions like tympani, shock, impaction, wound, bleeding
and fracture etc. that needs first aid on emergency basis. The objective of this session was
to enable the participants to provide first aid to their ailing animals at their home. Various
methods were taught to deal with such emergencies while utilizing the available resources
before the arrival of the veterinarian.
DAY-10
10.1-PPR
Peste des Petits Ruminants is a viral disease of sheep & goats with very high mortality rate.
The disease is usually seen in hilly areas of KP and FATA. The trainer discussed about the
signs and symptoms of the disease. She told the participants regarding supportive therapy
and emphasized on vaccination against PPR.
10.2-CCPP
Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia is the second very fatal disease which causes huge
mortality in sheep & goats. The disease is endemic in most areas of Malakand Division. The
participants were made aware about the signs and symptoms of the disease. They were also
informed about the possible treatment and vaccination against the disease.
10.3-Vaccination Schedule
That was the 2nd last session of the training. The aim of the session was to make aware the
trainees regarding vaccination Schedule against various contagious diseases both in small
and large animals. In the session the trainers enlist all the endemic diseases and their
expected outbreak timings. Then as a thumb rule the participants were told that one month
before each out break season the animals should be vaccinated. The participants
themselves put months in the vaccination schedule. The session was quite interactive and
participatory. The participants were also told about the significance of vaccination and
following of vaccination schedule.
October 4, 2010
October 4, 2010
DAY-11
11.1-Vaccination of animals
Previous day in last session the participant were told about the vaccination schedule and on
that day in first morning session the
participants were going to practically
vaccinate animal. The aim of the session was
to demonstrate practically the vaccination
technique. The participants observed the
demonstration and actively participated in the
activity. As the trainees were female and
mass vaccination was not feasible for them
keeping in view the local norms and values
that is why the demonstration was done with
goat available for that purpose.
11.4-Ecto-endo parasites
The session was started in the training hall. The trainers demonstrated with the help of
charts and message posters of various types of ecto and endo parasites. They were also
told the losses caused by these parasites to animals. Later on the participants also observed
ecto parasites e.g. ticks in live animals. The trainers tried their best to educate the
participants regarding control of ecto and endo parasites to avoid losses in terms of money
and animal lives.
Figure 11.3 Ecto Parasites Infestation Figure 11.4 LTC Chart showing Endo parasites Cycle and signs
11.5-Deworming of animals
The previous session was followed by practical demonstration. First the participants were
told about the dewormers and their routes of administration and then practically they
administered dewormers to a goat. The session was totally practical oriented.
October 4, 2010
DAY-12
12.1-Record keeping
That was the last teaching session of the training. The objective of the session was to enable
the participants that they could keep record like date of Insemination, date of parturition and
date of calf birth, list of expenditures and income etc. They were told about the significance
of record keeping especially in pregnancy and heat cycle.
12.2-Examination
Examination was the second last activity of the last day. A specially designed proforma by
LTC for the said training was provided to the participants. The proforma contained relevant
questions about livestock management and animal health that were already taught to them
during the training. The participants who could not write were assisted by trainers and on the
basis of that examination proforma a result was prepared to know the improvement in the
approach, skill and knowledge of the trainees. The result is annexed as annex-2
12.3-Evaluation
The aim of this activity was to evaluate LTC trainers by participants. The participants were
provided with already designed proforma and were asked to tick mark honestly for our
improvement. The participants were asked to evaluate training materials, training
methodology, trainers methodology and approach, practical demonstrations and in last short
comings in the training. The proforma is annexed as annex-3.
October 4, 2010
24. 319-LTC/2010 Saima Mohalla Sheer Abad Koza Bandai Tehsil &
Distt Swat
25. 320-LTC/2010 Bakth Jehan Mohalla Sarhad Colony street No 20 Bandai
Tehsil & Distt Swat
Swat
25. 335-LTC/2010 Umar Zadgai Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
October 4, 2010
October 4, 2010
October 4, 2010