Substation Automation and RET 670

Protection Training Transformer Protection

Thermal Overload
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

1

RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Up to three instances available
„ Consequences of too high transformer temperatures
„ Degradation of insulation (forced ageing) with consequent increase in
risk for internal fault
„ Degradation in the quality of the transformer oil
„ Thermal overload protection continuously estimates the internal heat
content of the transformer based on current measurement – estimation is
made using a transformer thermal model
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

2
 RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Connection of analog signals to the thermal overload function

TTR1-
TRPTTR
I3P

TTR1-
TRPTTR
I3P
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

3

RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Two stages with different time constants and base current settings –
with/without cooling
Cooling input:
„ not energized – base current / time constant 1
„ energized – base current / time constant 2
Settings: IBase1, Tau1, IBase2, Tau2 (IBasex set as % of IBase)

TTR1-
TRPTTR
I3P

COOLING
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Principle of operation
„ Measures the RMS value of the complete current for each phase
current
„ The set reference current level determines the 100% heat content
level, i.e. this is the heat content level that would be reached due to
the continuous flow of current equal to the set reference current level
Setting: IRef (set as % of IBase)
„ The set operate current level determines the ‘relative’ temperature
(heat content level) at which a trip will be issued, i.e. this is the
‘relative’ temperature (heat content level) that would be reached due
to the continuous flow of current equal to the set operate current level
Setting: ITrip (set as % of IBasex)
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

5

RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Principle of operation
„ From the largest of the three phase currents, a ‘relative’ final
temperature (final heat content level) is calculated – this is the
‘relative’ final temperature (final heat content level) that would be
reached due to the continuous flow of current equal to the present
current level
„ If the calculated ‘relative’ final temperature (final heat content level) is
larger than the ‘relative’ operate temperature (operate heat content
level), the start output is activated
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

6
 RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Principle of operation
„ The present ‘relative’ actual temperature is calculated from
„ the calculated ‘relative’ actual temperature at the previous time
step, and
„ the calculated ‘relative’ final temperature at the present time step
(based on the actual measured current at the present time step)
The present ‘relative’ actual temperature calculation incorporates
the set thermal time constant x (x = 1 or 2)
„ A trip will be issued when the calculated ‘relative’ actual temperature
reaches the set trip level (‘relative’ operate temperature)
„ Two alarm levels are available before the trip level is reached
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

Settings: Alarm1, Alarm2 (in % of the heat content trip level)

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Principle of operation
„ If the ‘relative’ final temperature is calculated to be above the ‘relative’
operate temperature (i.e. a start has been generated), the present
time to operation (with the present current) will be calculated
„ A warning signal is available – this will be activated when the
calculated time to trip reaches the set warning time
Setting: Warning
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

8
 RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Principle of operation
„ A lockout signal is available – this signal will be activated, following a
trip, until the calculated heat content level goes below the lockout
reset (release) level
Setting: ResLo (in % of the heat content trip level)
„ The time to lockout release (with the present current) will be
calculated – this is a calculation of the amount of time it will still take
for cooling from the present value to the lockout release level
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

9

RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Principle of operation
„ Adjustment of time constants for high / low measured currents
„ High / low current level settings, plus time constant adjustment
factors for measured current > high current setting / < low current
setting
Settings: IHighTau1, Tau1High, ILowTau1, Tau1Low, IHighTau2,
Tau2High, ILowTau2, Tau2Low
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

10
 RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Principle of operation
„ Output trip pulse has a settable pulse length
Setting: tPulse
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

11

RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
Final Temp > START
„ Functional overview TripTemp

actual heat comtent

Calculation of
heat content

I3P
Calculation of
final
temperature ALARM1
Actual Temp >
Alarm1,Alarm2
ALARM2
Temp

Current base used

TRIP
Actual Temp
> TripTemp

S LOCKOUT
Binary input:
Forced cooling Management of R
On/Off setting
parameters: Tau,
IBase Tau used Actual Temp
< Recl Temp
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

time to trip
Calculation of
time to trip warning if time to trip < set value

Calculation of time to reset of lockout

time to reset
of lockout
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Function block

‘Analog’ quantity input

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection - Settings

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection - Settings
Settings
Settings group N1
Current protection
ThermalOverload2TimeConst(PTTR,49)

Off; On
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

15

RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Service values
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

16
 RET 670 – Thermal Overload Protection

„ Thermal overload protection for power transformers – two time

constants (PTTR, 49)
„ Service values
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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