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Introducción
1. Análisis del edificio sin el sistema de protección sísmica para el sismo máximo de
diseño.
o Definir el sismo de diseño. Para el caso de la Norma Peruana corresponde a
un evento de 500 años de periodo de retorno.
o Analizar el edificio usando procedimientos de Análisis Espectral y de respuesta
en el tiempo.
o Como resultado del estudio se obtendrá la deriva máxima de entrepiso en
cada dirección (Dmax)
𝑇 ∑𝑗 𝐶𝑗 ∅2𝑟𝑗 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃𝑗
ξeff = ξo + ξd = ξo + 4𝜋 ∑𝑖 𝑚𝑖 ∅2𝑖
donde:
ξeff, amortiguamiento total efectivo del sistema
ξo, amortiguamiento propio del sistema sin disipadores
ξd, amortiguamiento viscoso debido a los disipadores
T, periodo de la estructura
Cj , coeficiente de amortiguamiento del piso j
Φrj, desplazamiento relativo horizontal del disipador del piso j correspondiente a la forma del
modo fundamental en la dirección de análisis
Φi, desplazamiento del modo fundamental en el piso i
mi, masa del piso i
θj, ángulo de inclinación del disipador del piso j
∑𝑗 𝜆𝐶𝑗 ∅1+𝛼
𝑟𝑗 𝑐𝑜𝑠
1+𝛼 𝜃
𝑗
ξeff = ξo + ξd = ξo +
2𝜋𝐴1−𝛼 𝜔2−𝛼 ∑𝑖 𝑚𝑖 ∅2𝑖
donde:
ξeff, amortiguamiento total efectivo del sistema
ξo, amortiguamiento propio del sistema sin disipadores
ξd, amortiguamiento viscoso debido a los disipadores
Cj , coeficiente de amortiguamiento del piso j
Φrj, desplazamiento relativo horizontal del disipador del piso j correspondiente a la forma del
modo fundamental en la dirección de análisis
Φi, desplazamiento del modo fundamental en el piso i
mi, masa del piso i
θj, ángulo de inclinación del disipador del piso j
ω, frecuencia de la señal
Γ2 (1+α⁄2)
λ = 22+𝛼 Γ(2+𝛼)
Γ , función gamma
o Elastic Properties from Column option. With this option, only rotational properties for
bending about the major axis (local 3-axis) and minor axis (local 2-axis) are taken from
the column. Those rotational properties are assigned to the panel zone spring that
connects the two ETABS-created internal joints at the panel zone. For all other degrees
of freedom, the internal joints at the panel zone are assumed to be rigidly connected.
When this option is selected, the only active option for Connectivity is Beam-Column
and the only active option for the Local 2-Axis is From Column.
o Elastic Properties from Column and Doubler Plate option. When using this option, the
thickness of a doubler plate is specified. ETABS then changes the web thickness (local
2-axis direction) of the column to be equal to the original web thickness plus the
specified doubler plate thickness and calculates the properties of this modified
section. The rotational properties for bending about the major axis (local 3-axis) and
minor axis (local 2-axis) are taken from the modified column section. These rotational
properties are assigned to the panel zone spring that connects the two ETABS-created
internal joints at the panel zone. For all other degrees of freedom, the internal joints at
the panel zone are assumed to be rigidly connected. When this property option is
selected, the only active option for Connectivity is Beam-Column and the only active
option for the Local 2-Axis is From Column.
o Specified Spring Properties option. With this option, specify rotational spring
stiffnesses for major axis bending (about the local 3-axis of the column and panel zone)
and minor axis bending (about the local 2-axis of the column and panel zone). These
two rotational spring properties are assigned to the panel zone spring that connects
the two ETABS-created internal joints at the panel zone. For all other degrees of
freedom, the internal joints at the panel zone are assumed to be rigidly connected.
When this property option is selected, the only active option for Connectivity is Beam-
Column and the only active option for the Local 2-Axis is From Column.
o Specified Link Property option. With this option, specify a link element property for
the panel zone. The link element properties are assigned to the spring that connects
the two ETABS-created internal joints at the panel zone. In that case, the spring may
have properties for all six degrees of freedom if nonzero link properties are defined for
all six degrees of freedom. If the link element property has zero properties for a
particular degree of freedom, ETABS assumes that that degree of freedom is rigidly
connected. Therefore, if for some reason one of the degrees of freedom of the panel
zone has essentially zero stiffness, specify a small stiffness for that degree of freedom
in the link properties. If nonlinear static properties are defined for the link property,
those properties are considered when a static nonlinear (pushover) analysis is run.
Similarly, if nonlinear dynamic properties are defined for the link property, those
properties are considered when a nonlinear time history analysis is run. Thus when the
panel zone properties are based on a specified link property, nonlinear behavior in the
panel zone can be modeled. When this property option is selected, all three options
are available and active in the Connectivity area and both options are available and
active in the Local 2-Axis area.
Connectivity options. If the Specified Link Property option is chosen in the Properties
area, choose from the following three options. Otherwise, beam-column is the only active
panel zone connectivity option.
Joints 1 and 2 are connected by zero-length springs whose properties are based on the
panel zone assignment. Note that the relative movement in the panel zone is between
the column elements and the beam elements. No relative movement exists between
individual column elements or individual beam elements.
o Beam-Brace option. For beam-brace connectivity, ETABS creates two separate joints to
model the panel zone.
o All beam members are connected to one of the joints and all brace members are
connected to the other joint. The two joints are connected by a spring that has the
properties specified for the panel zone. See the description of Beam-Column
connectivity for additional information.
Local Axis options. If the Specified Link Property option is chosen in the Properties area,
choose from the following two options. Otherwise, From Column is the only active local
axis option. The positive local 1-axis is in the same direction as the positive global Z-axis
(upward), always. The direction of the positive local 3-axis is determined from the
directions of the local 1 and 2 axes as described herein using the right-hand rule. Specify
the positive direction of the local 2-axis as one of the following.
o From Column option. The positive local 2-axis of the panel zone is in the same
direction as the positive local 2-axis of the column connected to the panel zone. If
columns are connected to the panel zone from both above and below, and they have
different local axis orientations, the positive local 2-axis of the panel zone is in the
same direction as the positive local 2-axis of the column below (and connected to) the
panel zone. If the local 2 axis is specified to be based on a column and no column exists
at the panel zone location, the positive local 2-axis is oriented in the same direction as
the positive global X-axis.
o Angle option. The direction of the positive local 2-axis of the panel zone is specified by
an angle measured in degrees from the positive global X-axis. A positive angle appears
counterclockwise as you look down on it from above. An angle of 0 degrees means the
positive local 2-axis is in the same direction as the positive global X-axis. An angle of 90
degrees means the positive local 2-axis is in the same direction as the positive global Y-
axis. See the sketch below.
where k is the elastic spring constant, yield is the yield force, ratio is the specified ratio of
post- yield stiff ness to elastic stiffness (k), and z is an internal hysteretic variable. This variable
has a range of | z | 1, with the yield surface represented by | z | 1. The initial value of z is
zero, and it evolves according to the differential equation:
where exp is an exponent greater than or equal to unity. Larger values of this exponent
increases the sharpness of yielding as shown in Figure 72 (page 288). The practical limit for exp
is about 20. The equation for z is equivalent to Wen’s model with A 1 and 0.5.