DEC. .20 1895.] ENGINEERING.

763
stiffened
And beneath this Caversham Bridge to Henley, might prefer an indictment against Earl Cadogan. flangesof each adjoining pair over the
bars are
five miles and a half lower, is first Sonning Bridge, The county accordingly indicted Charles Henry endswhich rest on the piers. The lattice
of timber, and the Great Marlow Bridge. Beyond Sloane, Earl Cadogan,the then owner of the resi flat, in. by in., and are riveted together at

1
the Caversham Park estate. Anciently the eachintersection,and to the angle-irons of the top
Bridge is Cavershamvillage, in Oxford dueof
Cgversham
s ire.” Oxford portion of the bridge was repairable as and bottom flanges. The girdersare strengthened

5!;
as lord at intervals of ft. in. by vertical T-irons in.
When CavershamBridge was changed from its to the greaterpart by Sir Francis Knollys,

3
3
3%
primitive form, as describedby Leland, appears of the manor of Caversham; and as to the other by in. by in. The two series of main girders

g
uncertain; probably its reconstructionbecamea part, by Anthony Brigham, as owner of a house are placed about 30 ft. apart; they are set at an
of the
necessitya hundredyearsafter his time, becausein upon the bridge known asthe chapelof Saint Anne, angle of 80 deg. with the transverse axis
lower
1643it wasthe sceneof an important engagementwhich has beenpart of the possessionsof the dis piers. The cross-beamsare attachedto the
at
betweenthe Royalist andtheParliamentaryarmies. solvedmonasteryof Notley, in the countyof Berks. flanges of the main girders; they are placed

7%
Dating back, however,from the time of the indict intervals of ft. in., and consist of ordinary

6
In that yearReading,occupiedby theKing’s troops,
was besiegedby the Parliamentaryforces, who had ment to the earlier periods of living memory, plate girders 26 in. deep. To thesecross-beams

a
broken down the bridge to protect their position. the Oxford part of the bridge had always be metal floor secured; consists of series of

is

a
it
The garrisonobtainedreinforcementsby boat from longed to, and had been upheld by, Lord Cadogan inverted U-bars running longitudinally at intervals
Henley, but on April 25 the besiegedforces sug and his ancestors, owners of CavershamPark of 1711; in. To theseand to the cross-girders,flat

@-
this
gestedcapitulation. Whilst the conditions were manor and estate, until Charles Sloane, Baron iron plates, in. thick, are riveted. Upon
20 ft., the
beingdiscussed,the King, then at Oxford, madean Cadogan, sold in 1785 the greater part of the floor, road metalling laid for width of

is

a
effortto relievethe town, and arrived on the scene estate to Major Charles Marsack. After a trial rest of the platform being occupied by the paved
built
with a considerableforce. The attempt was not at Nisi Prius at Gloucesterin 1813,and an argu sidewalks. The abutmentson eachbank are
successful,and the action appears to have taken ment in the Court of King’s Bench in 1814, the of red brick with stonecopings,and at the respec
placefrom the oppositebanks of the river and on countyobtained anindictmentagainst Earl Cadogan, tive ends of the bridge are stonepanelsbelonging
the broken latform. Referring to this engagement,wherebyhe was fixed with the repair of the Oxford to the counties of Berkshire and Oxfordshire the

;
Sir Simon uke saysthat the Royalists “ fell upon part of the bridge rations ten-ui-re of his lands and boundaryline of the two countiespassesacross the
a looseregimentstationedthere to keepthe bridge, hereditamentsin Caversham. The Cadoganestates bridge on the right-handside of the island, as seen
divided, but pay. in the engraving. It will be noticedthat there

is
and gavethem a furious assaultwith their ordnance in Cavershamhave long been

a
andmen,onebulletbeingtakenup by our menwhich The borough of Reading many years ago widened houseon the island behind the bridge this build

;
weighed24 lb. at the least. This wasansueredwith and improved their part of the bridge, but the ing occupied diflerentposition before the present

a
ourmuskets; andwemadethe hill soehottefor them Oxford part remains of the samewidth as it was bridge was erected; stood, in fact, near the

it
that they were forced to retreat, leaving behind originally built several centuries ago, and is very centre line, and was shifted en bloc, American
sevenbodies of as personable men as ever were incommodious.” The above extracts supply the fashion,to its actualsite.
scene, and moste of their armes, besides others outline of the bridge’shistory up to the time when
which fell in three or four miles compasseas they it wasdeterminedthat a new one was necessary; EAST MOLESEY DRAINAGE AND SE\\"A(1‘E
retreated. And it is said that within five miles the plan annexed showsthe curious stateof affairs DISPOSAL WORKS.
there were 500_hurtmendrestin a barne, besides that lastedduring several years, when Berks had SEWAGEpurificationworks are always dillicult to
manythat we tooke, and many hurt men within constructeda sufiicientlyconvenientplatform,while carryout, whethertheybeon a largescaleor a small
our precinctes,to whichwe sent the next morning Oxford retained the ancient bridge that dated,at one. But in the lattercasethere the addeddisad~

is
our surgeonsto dresse,and gaveordersto havethe all events,from the Commonwealth. The general vantageof paucity of funds, and relativelylarge

a
deadbodyesburyedby the parishionerswherethey appearance of the old bridge is given in the sketch expense,since villages and outlying districts are
were slain.” on page762. generallysomewhatscatteredand straggling. Fur
1868an Act wasobtained for the erectionof ther, they lie in the gatheringgroundof a water

if
With this skirmish the historical interest in In
supplycompany,specialprecautionshaveto betaken
CavershamBridge appears to end; and, indeed, thepresentCavershamBridge, andno time waslost to avoid all possiblecausesof contamination.All
the bridgeitself had, as we haveseen,come to de in commencingthe works, which were at the joint thesedifficultiesweremetwith in an accentuated form
struction. Probably it was rebuilt in the form chargeof the two counties interested. The engi in thecaseoftheEastMoleseydrainageandsewage dis
still familiar to many, and more or less on the old neers were Mr. Nathaniel Beardmore, of West posalscheme,whichweillustrateonourtwo-pageplate,
lines, only of more durable material. A reference minster, and Mr. William Henry Woodman, andalsoonthenextandsucceeding pages,andhencean
to the bridge is found in the History of Reading borough surveyor at Reading ; the contractors accountof will haveconsiderable interest,not onlyto

it
by the Rev. Charles Coates, published in 1802. were Messrs. M. T. Shaw and T. F. Howard ; the engineers, butalsotothemanylocalauthoritieswhoare
From this, one would judge that the approach workswerecommenced in 1808,and the bridgewas filled with doubt and anxietyas to the coursethey
from Reading to Caversham, if not the bridge openedfor traflic in 1870; the cost of construction should follow. East Molesey,which has an areaof
of the bridge 781 acres,and population of 5000, situatedin the

is
itself, had been allowed, in the early part of was 12,371l. The generalappearance
a
the eighteenth century, to fall into disrepair. is shownon page768. The existenceof the island ThamesValley,on theSurreysideof the riveropposite
andwasincluded
the construc HamptonCourt (see map,nextpage),
He refers in some detail to the action taken in midstreamsaved some troublein in the district of the Lower Thames Valley Main
by Mr. John Watts to improve the condition tion of the foundations,althoughat this point the
Drainage Board, which was institutedin 1878,but
of the road. Mr. Watts was a conspicuous river is not deep and the ground is favourable. neveraccomplishedits object. The Board was dis
man in his time ; he was a native of Reading and It maybe mentionedherethat the islandsshownin solvedin 1885,and sincethat datemostof the areas
a member of the corporation. He started the the plan do not existas indicated. Islands A and B was designedto servehavecarried out drainage
it

first Reading newspaperunder the title of The havebeenremovedaltogether,andthe endof Island schemes singlyor in smallgroups. Thirteenyearsago
Reading Mercury, or The W'essea: Observer;the C has beentaken away,thus improvingthe naviga the East MoleseyDrainageCommitteeinstructedMr.
first number of it appeared on Monday, July 8, tion. There are five spans,so arrangedthat two of .I. C. Melliss, of GreshamHouse, Old Broad-street,
1723, the year of his mayoralty. The following the piers are placed on the island, leavingonly two to prepare schemefor dealingwith the sewageof
a

quotation is from Mr. Coates’sbook abovereferred to be sunk in the river. The form of construction the district,but was sevenyears later beforeany
it

to : “ In the year 1724, when Mr. John Watts set adoptedis a parallel lattice girder, and the piers practical stepswere taken in the matter,and even
on foot a subscription for repairing the causeway consisteachof two pairs of cast-ironcolumnsthat then was long beforeactivework could becom
it

inenced.
from Reading to Caversham,he describesit in this were providedat the bottomwith screws 3 ft. 9in. It will be seenfrom the wanderingsof the rivers
memorial. The length of the said road from Pott in diameter; the river piers were sunk to a depth Mole andEmberon themap,that the district ex is
man Brook to Causham Bridge is 2721 ft., the of 10ft. into the bed of the stream. The columns ceedinglyflat, so that there no natural fall for
is

bottomof the road lay lowerthanthe streamat low are 2ft. in diameter, and are made liin. thick;
thesewers. Further, as land by the Thameswasnot
water mark, so that at everyflashfrom the western theywerecast in lengthsof 12ft., andareconnected availablefor filtration,the courseof thesewershad to
locks, which is usually twice a week,this road is by means of external flanges and Lin. diameter be againstthe lie of the land. Under the circum
filledproportionallyto thegreatnessof theflash,inso bolts ; eachpairof columnsis placed6 ft. 6in. apart stances, was necessary that the sewageshouldbe
it

muchthat sometimesit caused the horsesto swim, from centreto centrelaterally ; they are connected all pumped,and to minimisethe expenseMr. Melliss
and in floodtimesrenderedit impassiblefor a month at the top by two transversewrought-iron girders, determined to rigidly excludeall storm water from
or six weeks together.” We will conclude this which are concealed by ornamental cast-iron thesystem,andto restrict entirelyto the drainage
it

somewhatlong, but we hope not uninteresting capitals attached to the heads of the columns; of thehouses. The situation of the village upon the
summary, by an extractfrom the oflicialrecord of these are ordinary plate-iron girders 20in. deep, river bankrenders exceedingly easyto getrid of the
it

stormwater, and as the intakes of the water com

OxfordshireBridges,by Mr. J. Davenport,underthe and they are bolted to the columnsso as to leavea paniesareall furtherllP-Stl‘QZLm, and are safeguarded
dateof 1869,which has been kindly placedat our spaceof 15in. betweenthem. The width of the by the presence o f MoleseyLock, there no objection
is

disposal.by Mr. Tollit, the countysurveyor: “The spans varies as follows, starting from the Oxford to this courseof procedure.
bridgecarriesthe roadbetweenthetownsof Reading shire bank, which is on the left-hand side in the Havingdecidedto adopt the separatesystem,Mr.
and Henley-on-Thames,and other parts of South engraving: Mellissadheredto mostrigidly. The sewerswere
it

Oxford. The bridge is very ancient, and the ft. in.

1%;

constructed of porcelainpipeslaid in cementconcrete,

extremelengthexceeds400ft., of whichabout250ft. First span.. 63 9 exceptfor miles of wet and treacherousground,
are in the parish of Caversham,in Oxford, and Secondspan 61 0 where toast-ir0n pipes, with turned and bored
Third span (over island) 42 0 joints, wereemployed. The whole length was most
the remainder in the parishesof Saint Mary [above Fourthspan 61 0
the bridge] and Saint Lawrence [below], in the Fifth span 63 9 carefullyinspectedandtestedunderpressure,so that
there absolutecertaintythat the ground water
is

borough of Reading, in the County of Berks

The obligation of that boroughto repair the Berks The girdersare 77 in. deep,and, of course,of vary has beenentirelyexcluded. Had not beenfor this
it

care, certain that there would havebeenmuch

is
it

part appearsnever to have been disputed, but ing lengths ; the top and bottom flangesare 12 in.
in 1811'[the Oxford part of the bridge having wide, andare formedof leakage,sincethepipesare laid, for the mostpart,in
platessuperposed; to water-bearing sandand gravel. Their total length
is
41]

becomedangerous]an indictmentwaspreferred by thesearerivetedangle-irons6 in. by in. by in., 17,027yards,or nearly 10 miles. The public sewers
g

the Corporation of Reading againstthe countyof and spaced far enough apart to allow the endsof measure12,418yards,from in. to 15in. in diameter,
9

Oxford for non-repairof the Oxford part. Litiga the lattice bars to passbetweenthem. The girders the outfallculvert,to carrythe filtered ellluentfrom
tion ensuedfor three years, and judgment against are madeto certainextentcontinuousby riveting theworks,shownat theleft-handbottomcornerof the
a

the countywasstayedin order that the magistrates {r-in.plateabout12 ft. longto the top and bottom map,to the River Ember, 1122yardsof 18~in. stone
is
a
 764 ENGINEERING. (DEC. 20, 1895',
ware pipe; in additionthere are3487yards of 6-in. above,by thefactthat thesewershaveto belaid on a 1. A screeningchamberand apparatusfor removal
branch drains to connect the main sewersto the gradient,while the surfaceof the groundis level,or of largematterfromthesewage. _
houses. All these pipes have water-tightjoints. graduallyrising. Henceat two placesthe limit of 2. A pumpingstation where the sewageis lifted
“Hassell’s deepsocket single line” and Doulton’s practicabledepth of the sewer is reached,and the 39ft. by meansof twosetsof plungerpumps(Figs. 13
composite pipeshavebeenemployedthroughout. contentshaveto belifted. In everycasetheseweris and14),fittedwith Okespatentvalves(Fig. 15),each
In additionto thedifficultiescausedby thesituation built in straight lines, so that it is possibleto see setof pumpscapableof lifting 22,000gallonsper hour,
andby thenatureof thework, otherswere met with, througheachsectionfromend to end,andclearit of spacebeingprovidedfor additionalpumpswhen re
especiallythoseraisedby someof the metropolitanany obstructionthat may arise. At eachchangeof quiredin thefuture.
watercompanies whoseintakesare at West Molesey, directiona lampholeor manhole(Figs. 2 to 4) is built 3. An engine-housecontaining two 10 nominal
and whoselarge water mainstraversethe principal for the purposesof inspectionand cleaning. At the horse-powerMarshall’s horizontalsteamengines,air
roadsof East Molesey. This oppositionwas mainly extremeendof thesewerit enterstheworksat a very compressing engineand receiver,fresh-waterpumps,
with a view of protectingthe metropolitanwater considerable depth (seeFigs.5 and12),and has to be (to.
supplyfrom any risk of contamination.Other difli pumpedup into the tanks to undergoprecipitation. 4. A boiler-house,with two boilers for supplyin
cultieswereraisedby someof the landowners,whose Beforeit reachesthe pumpwell it passesthroughthe steam,madeby Messrs.Galloway,of Manchester,an
propertyhad to be crossedby sewersand air mains. coarseandfinescreensshownin Fig. 5. The former spacefor an additional boiler when required in the
Thesedifficultieswere,aftermuchtroubleandexpense,is mountedin a framerunning in groovesand sus future. D
overcome, and,afterseveralLocal Government Board pendedfrom a winch, so that it can be raised for 5. A press-house,containingone of Messrs.S. H.
inquiries, the necessaryworks were sanctionedand cleaningandrenewal. There are120 manholes, lamp Johnson and Co.’s 3-ft. square30~chamber sludge
commenced in themonthof August,1893,sothat their holes,and inspectionholes. presses,with all necessaryappliancesfor pressing
actual constructionhas occupieda little over two After passingthe screenchamber(Fig. 9, on our sludge,includinglifting andforcingrams,sludgepits,
years. two-pageplate) the sewageenters the pump well liming apparatus,tip truck, tramway,8w.

\\\~
\_\~
\s\‘\\\
_9— MANHOLES.

\
-—¢-—-
LAMPHOLES.

Fig.7.

\
\\ -~‘\\
.. -';“‘;'-
<1 _. \l
/'-4'l- "'
'1__1w.'»‘
I r .\ I .-' .
‘ '-7“. ~ _,.-v
I»-
__ \-\
.. ~
1 I ed\\\\
\I'
, I \

/ /\
\
‘ r4" \
‘ *_— —____-~_+__ \\q_\______
s/
__- s g—_-- ——-—_——A 7,)-
\\ W >_ \
\
.‘, \\

W
on \
/ ‘ \r
.: WOI‘EK/Q“‘\‘
2a41;
Links/00300!
[WWb-r I0 lg _'_ 20 as ’ so as
v ..... 40Chain:
.asz

Coal store, chemicalstores, mixing vats,work

6.

The situationchosenfor the worksandthe filtering (Figs. 9 and 12). As thereis no overflowto this re
groundis farremovedfrom habitations,and it is not ceptacle,it is necessary to provideit withamplepump men’s dayroom,manager’soffice, fresh-waterwell,
in the leastprobablethatthevillage will everextend ing power,in orderthat theliquid maybedealt with with steampumpand overheadwater tanks in con
to it, since populationnaturally gathersnear the asit arrives. The processfollowedis that which ex nectiontherewith.
river. The groundliesin the angleof two branchesperiencehas shown to be the best. The entering Three precipitation tanks containingtogether
7.

of the River Mole, so that it is impossiblefor the sewageis mixedwith chemicals—the saltsof alumi 270,000 gallons.
effluentto find its wayintoanyunderground channels, nium and iron, togetherwith a little carbonandiron 8. Eight acres of land which have been suitably
and thusjoin the Thamesabovethelock. Curiously -—-and iszthenleft to settle in the precipitatingtanks under-drained.
enough,the outfall channeldoesnot enterthe Mole ; (Figs. 9 to 11). The supernatant water is then run The machinerythroughout providedin duplicate,
is

it is conductedto the Ember at a spotwhereonly a into the distributingconduits,andis spreadoverthe sothat thefreeflowof sewageandits purificationwill
few feet separatethe two rivers, althoughthe one is filteringarea. This is surroundedwith a lowembank not be delayedat any time in case of temporary
5 ft. belowthe other. It is difficult to understandment (Fig. 8),and is composed of a sandy'loamover breakdown. The undertakinghas beencarriedout in
howit is that they haveremaineddistinct. lying gravel. It is underdrainedto a depth of 6ft. two contracts. The sewers,pumpingstation, tanks,
Turning to the illustrations,Figs. 2 to 4, page765, The drains deliver into an effluent channelwhich buildings, 8.20., have been executedby Messrs. B.
showone of the manholesand inspectionchambers;passes undertheRiver Mole (Fig. 1), anddeliversinto Cookeand Co., of PhoenixWharf, Battersea,S.W.,
Figs. 5 to 7 representthe screeningchamberat the theRiver Ember, as already stated. The sludgeis the amount of their contract being 24,300l. The
works for the removalof all largeobjectscarriedby run from thetanksinto a smallundergroundchamberwholeof themachinery hasbeencarriedout by Messrs.
the flow of sewage. 0n the two-pageplate, Fig. 8 (Fig. 9),whereit is mixedwith limeprevious ' to being MarkhamandCo., of Broad OaksIron Works, Ches
is a planof the works,and Fig. 9 a similar plan to a pressedinto cakes. This cake has some slight terfield,the amountof theircontractbeing3985l.
larger scale,and Figs. 10to 12aresectiens. Figs. 13 manurialvalue,but localauthoritieshavefound that The works are very convenientlyarranged for
it,

to 15show the pumps,and Figs. 16to 18 the Shone it is impossibleto obtain anythingfor indeed, oversight. The whole of the air compressingand
it

ejectors. Theselatter are,of course,not at theworks, oftencostssomethingto get taken away. The rosy sewagepumpingmachinery placedin oneroom,the
is
it

but at thepoints markedon themap,at distancesof anticipations that sewageworkswouldbe sourceof two on ines being at the extremeends, and both
a
a

2300yardsand2500yardsrespectively.Oneof these revenuehavelong sincefaded, and now recog—driving beltson to oneshaft,fromwhichthepumps

is
a it

ejectors has a lift of 9 ft., and the other of 18 ft., nised that refuse must always be burdenon areoperatedby spurgearing. The pumpsare placed
a

and they are supplied with compressedair from community. in thewell (Fig. 13 and 14),but are perfectlyacces
the works. Their use is necessitated, as explained The disposalworksincludethefollowing: sible. They arethetypewhich give constantflow
a
 Dec _,so, 1895.] ENGINEERING. 76S
air pipesto effectthe mixing of the contents;this

is
EAST McLEsEY DRAINAGE WORKS. an advanceon mechanical stirrers. The reci itating
tanks,like therestof the building,arewe lan solidly
MR. J. C. MELLISS, M INST. C.E., ENGINEER. constructed. Nothinghas beenspenton unnecessary

.
' ornament,but in every part neat and substantial

a
_ r; : 4'4— ]! Pil in L appearancegives the impression that provision
‘r,
“‘2
i 5"“?
I».
v':

5
,', 1".Z‘Ii;;’l\,;('

.‘i
."
has been made for all requirements,and that
i'I

l
Cement V

_--_
Conch thoughtand care have beenexpendedin securing
efficiencyat reasonablecost. Of coursethe greater
.5 part of the expendituremakesno show,sinceitis only

__.__g
7

Fig.2. , .15.. representedby the sewers,which have been made

large enoughto serve future populationof 15,000

a
Camenf
Ronda/m
%.

Huck persons. Thedisposalworkscandealwith thesewage

of 7500persons,and can be easilyenlarged,should

it
4 “
.. :_f§&'\i\\'\€1;

.
benecessary.Theyarenotin anysenseexperimental.
:4, as: It has beenproved conclusivelythat precipitation

is
garages“
essentialwhateversubsequent treatmentbe adopted,
andthe best methodsof conducting arenowquite

it
determined. Whetherfiltrationthroughland,or coke
breeze,or chemicals,will provethe bestin the end,
remainstobe seen; but whateverthe teachingsof
further experience maybe, will beperfectlyeasyto

it
adopt them at the East Molesey\Vorks at small

a
cost. There so muchland availablefor filtration

is
thatthegreatrequisiteofampleperiodsof restbetween
the applicationsof sewagecanbe secured. In many
ways the undertakingwe have described model

is
a
establishment,and sure to be visited by many

is
it
local authoritiesin searchof an examplethey may
follow withoutcommittingthemselves to the doubtful
w. £11..)
. '_,0"

'‘ pathof experiment.

_- -.~.__
67% w ¢

‘
i \\I

NOTES FROM CLEVELAND AND THE

NORTHERN COUNTIES.
_ie/lPub'd/ei]
..Tflléflfi

MIDDLESBBOUGH, Wednesday.
The Cleveland Iron flIarket.—-Yesterday there was

a
mas-f?»
\

large attendanceon ’Changehere, but the market

QIQ’L.a.

was dull, and only a small amountof businesswas

transacted. Consumers of pig iron made few offers
‘m'.

a ‘ to buy, preferringto wait until after the holidays,

a and the very poor shipmentsthis month,together
.1
withthecontinued difficultyin theengineering industry,
Transverse Planon 0. had a depressinginfluenceupon the market. Most
C
886/1017 pig-iron producers,although rather anxiousto sell,
wouldnot quotebelow37s.(id. for promptdeliveryof
.-'-’— _ _.._ No. Clevelandpig. They experienced considerable

3
“1,,____________ / difficulty,however,
l?
I,a \\v ...... \ in buyers,particularlyasthere
‘\_\\\
,

,_
-_1’ weremerchants readyfindingenoug to sellat 37s.3d.,at which
\ -.\ \ \ \

3§\;\\\
\' \\\\ \

\\ \\ V' g_ figure fewparcelschanged

3,
an.“ hands. For No. delivered

a
. o, F,lg. §g\4_\\ ‘ u_ early next year,385.wasquoted,but few transactions
r

6.

\\\ ' wererecorded.Middlesbrough warrantsopened at37s.5d.

,

onlineAA. Sea. o n[me BB. andclosed37s.61];d. cashbuyerswithlittle doingin them.

\

...... \\\
\§

No. foundrypigwasputat 309.9d.,and greyforge36s.

4

,
'2'.

k;=l§l to 36s. 3d. East coasthematitepig iron, although

\

Q V< I" - theproduction wassaid to be in excess of the demand,

lo.

, a.
. E.
#2

l .a

J"
. \

. .. ‘~"”“ wassteadyin price,about465.beinggenerallyquotedfor

:~

_ ._ ._
v.

,
, -_

-------6'.'0 ----- _

1,
2,
early delivery

3.
*MF-f \\ {Moe of Nos. and Rubioorewassaidto
11" be obtainable at 12s.45d.to 12s.6d. deliveredhere,but
\\"' iii;

‘‘‘‘‘ difficultto understandhowdealersin cansellat

is
it

it
\\ \\\

7 :‘\
:_ suchprices. Today the only changein themarketwas
eg

\\ Ԥ\\\
,_l
_

- ===== \\ . _
in Middlesbrough warrants, which,aftereasingto37s.4d.,
'z. 1’

¢ I. 5‘ closed378.5d.cashbuyers.
‘\|
{ I)

P'
‘~ \"'-; 'I
\

I ronandEteeZ.—There
-.

Manufactured nothingnewin

is
\ 1‘ . §\\\ v.‘—
. '- AL _J themanufactured ironandsteeltrades.Railmakerskeep
E

a
‘\\
:5}

...... busily employed,but severalother branchesare only

moderately
aq r

offforwork.
a,'d."

- Plate and angleproducersdo

ii~3

.1- a" notgivequitesogoodanaccountof tradeas theydid a

i 3.
x

.. \\\ Ir,“ ,
I

_‘r little whileago,andbar makerscomplaina gooddealof

‘

\\ shortness of work. Quotationsall roundare practically

-‘\ . thesameaswhenwelastreported.
3" o'

.s O
\ I.

'
,. Cleveland Iron Tradein 1895.—The outputof ironstone
_.‘i

\\ from the Clevelandminesin 1895will probablyreach

1',

.9: ...“:
I i
3‘}

' - §\ between5,000,000 and 5,250,000

.‘

tons. The outputfor

':i'1‘| u
.E

\\‘ ‘_
t

a:
.
k

K" \\ ‘ 1894 was5,048,966 tons. Themakeof Cleveland ircnhas

>1“ u
\

v~s beenverynearlythesamein 1895as wasin 1894.The

\\
li

>1:
it

V.,l.-,v productionof Clevelandpig iron in 1895 estimated

\i.

if, at
is

l."i.0~-
r‘R 1

1,440,000 tons,against
'

.. {5. .1f 1,432,863tonsin 1894. Overthe

"' """5.0“ ' _" ‘\5. 11months endingNovember, 1895, thestocksofCleveland
,
.
l

; : I : . i g : I I : I.

pig ironincreased by 40,618 tons,andtheremaybe some

'r |: i : ' E I . '' : I
r. y, I ‘;~z-

a“. _.~{ g}
\ \, .

additionto maketo this quantityfor December.The

'4- i. 1.1f
-.;

n- ’ ‘t: -._a makeof hematite, spiegel,and basicpig in 1895 put

is
\ ‘ \ \\\\ \

‘—--46 \ '“ 1"":

, Fa a 'i

Lifk at 1,470,000 tons,against1,540,556 tonsin 1894.As to

I

‘\' \v'vf-I
‘4' the stocksof theselatterclassesof iron, thereare no
=.:- .5.

‘ - ., statisticsavailable.The makeof all kinds of pig in

s

. \ as;
\

-. the Clevelanddistrictin 1895will thus, expected.

is
it
\

’ zi
.- .v' reachabout2,910,000 tone,the quantitymadein 1894
i "N.,:~. havingbeen2,963,419
4 '1.)

tons. Themakeof pig iron, other

.l
i'\

2' than Clevelandpig, almostidenticalwith the pro

is
:. k
z.

i__ ductionof Cleveland ironproper. At theironstone mines

3%

., \Xfi'tg and blast-furnaces in Clevelandthe wagesare per

'
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"IE’fi-L‘ia-{J-rml
.i I-(\.,'-:,‘.:I‘,
:2.,1“:
_;

r, _.'\¢. cent.higherthanat the endof1894. Theshipmentsof

.>4 ..- .- .._.“1‘2?
,

“PJM' pig iron to foreigncountriesfrom the port of Middle

“
:

' A' .- a broughduring1895are estimated at about530,000 tons.

"a _- .. ..._.. ,‘ a.
, '

. e,.____.__.. a *2
a7.

_ '_-._.. In 1894the quantitywas487,872

‘

tons. Theshipments
t =1,

‘K‘ _ ____ g »~ ~“
a

Plan on[meDD. of pigcoastwise in 1895will probablyreachabout460,000

i l '
l

was BI-_ ls _ bothon

'3-s. 4».T-s '2‘,a theup and down stroke. The uppervalve
l
,

, Q ‘iis '

r tons,against447,339 tonsin 1894.The totalshipments

is
¥

='.

- ..-“'- ...
a ‘ placedin thehollowram,and of the constructionof of pig, foreignand coastwise, maythereforebe put at
is

s~ 4.2"“
--:"-
-.‘Q-r Mr. J. C. R. Okes,of 39, Queen ictoria-street,E.C. about990,000
‘

tonsin 1895,against935,211
4----- .n t‘~ tonsin 1894.
V
,,

_:.E

be removed andreplaced by sparevalvein a Theshipments o f manufactured ironand steelto foreign

I l '$

E'fl‘é It_can
a
X

~r ' .........
m.

minute,sothat thepumpsneedneverbestoppedfor countries in 1895mayreach totalof 265,000 tons,against

“I

(171.: 1“.
a

u.‘/,” 238,089
, ,s "ini ,

valverepairs. The air compressors tonsin 1894.Thecoastwise shipmentswill,

is

havetheir valves estimated,

it
'' \é l

--~__—+#- ri_ fittedwith reachabout107,000 tons,against 140,970 tons

'4 ii

Markham’s rubber b uffers, whichenablethem in 1894. The total shipments,

n

--
A_

an -°0 -a—.‘"
HI,"\~. -A foreignand coastwise,
\._' to run at high speedwithouthammering, and hence of finishedmaterialwill consequently
a

PM). be approximately
J'

aa to provide large output in relationto their size. 372,000

a

=..
. tonsfor 1895, against379,059 tonsin 1894.
t:
'‘\ 1'

.e J3; ‘III‘ The sludgepumps and compressingmachineryare

TheCoalandCokeTrudea—Ccalon thewhole quiet
is
T.

..
.

A‘s“?- ‘5 ‘1 re a. News»! in separateroom,providedwith tramway Bunkersabundantand

a

‘ placed weak in price. Gas coal in

a

“q.
“‘54; ‘1'4“- 1;
5271.3.
:1. I}
"L '"4a.’““'§"'§§n"""=j"'3: tanksfor
or conveyingawaythe pressedcakes. The mixin
strong_demand, and quotationsfirm. Coke pricesare
I

the chemicalsare providedwith perforated maintained.

 20, 1895.
ENGINEERING, DECEMBER

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THE EAST_ MOLESEY DRAINAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL WORKS.

MR. J. 0. MELLISB,M.INST.C.E.,
ENGINEER.
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