Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 17

SECTION 32 – LANDSCAPE WORKS

32.1 SOFT LANDSCAPE .................................................................................................................... S32-1


32.1.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................................. S32-1
32.1.2 PRICES ..................................................................................................................................... S32-1
32.1.3 PLANTS OFFERED .................................................................................................................... S32-1
32.1.4 TOPSOIL .................................................................................................................................. S32-1
32.1.5 STAKING.................................................................................................................................. S32-2
32.1.6 CUSTODY OF PLANTS .............................................................................................................. S32-2
32.1.7 WATERING FOR PLANTS .......................................................................................................... S32-2
32.1.8 MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................ S32-2
32.1.9 SAMPLES ................................................................................................................................. S32-2
32.1.10 EXISTING PLANTS AND PLANTING MATERIALS ................................................................... S32-2
32.1.11 FILTER MATERIAL ................................................................................................................ S32-2
32.1.12 TURFING .............................................................................................................................. S32-2
32.1.12.1 General ............................................................................................................................ S32-2
32.1.12.2 Topsoil ............................................................................................................................. S32-2
32.1.12.3 Preparation of Planting Area .......................................................................................... S32-3
32.1.12.4 Topsoil Application.......................................................................................................... S32-3
32.1.12.5 Turfs ................................................................................................................................. S32-3
32.1.12.6 Type of Turf – Cow Grass (Axonopus Compressus) ........................................................ S32-3
32.1.12.7 Close Turfing ................................................................................................................... S32-3
32.1.13 TOP DRESSING..................................................................................................................... S32-4
32.1.14 WATERING .......................................................................................................................... S32-4
32.1.15 CUTTING AND ROILING ....................................................................................................... S32-4
32.1.16 MAINTENANCE OPERATION FOR PLANTS ............................................................................ S32-4
32.1.16.1 General ............................................................................................................................ S32-4
32.1.16.2 Recommended Procedure ................................................................................................ S32-4
32.1.17 LAWN MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................................... S32-6
32.1.17.1 General ............................................................................................................................ S32-6
32.1.17.2 Watering .......................................................................................................................... S32-6
32.1.17.3 Weeding ........................................................................................................................... S32-6
32.1.17.4 Mowing ............................................................................................................................ S32-6
32.1.17.5 Raking .............................................................................................................................. S32-7
32.1.17.6 Aerifying .......................................................................................................................... S32-7
32.1.17.7 Fertilizer and Pest Control .............................................................................................. S32-7
32.1.17.8 Clean-up .......................................................................................................................... S32-8
32.1.17.9 Protection of Lawn .......................................................................................................... S32-8
32.1.17.10 Inspection and Acceptance .......................................................................................... S32-8
32.1.17.11 Guarantees and Replacement ...................................................................................... S32-9
32.2 HARD LANDSCAPE ................................................................................................................... S32-9
32.2.1 EXCAVATION ........................................................................................................................... S32-9
32.2.2 CONCRETING ......................................................................................................................... S32-11
32.2.2.1 Materials ........................................................................................................................ S32-11
32.2.2.2 Reinforcement ................................................................................................................ S32-12
32.2.2.3 Formwork ...................................................................................................................... S32-14
32.2.2.4 Final preparation and inspection .................................................................................. S32-15
32.2.2.5 Mixing ............................................................................................................................ S32-15
32.2.2.6 Transporting .................................................................................................................. S32-15
32.2.2.7 Placing ........................................................................................................................... S32-15
32.2.2.8 Compacting .................................................................................................................... S32-16
32.2.2.9 Placing to formed finishes ............................................................................................. S32-16
32.2.2.10 Curing ............................................................................................................................ S32-16
32.2.3 DEFECTIVE WORK ................................................................................................................. S32-16

S32 - i
SECTION 32 – LANDSCAPE WORKS

32.1 SOFT LANDSCAPE


32.1.1 General
All trees, shrubs and groundcover supplied under this contract must be sound and healthy
and to the approval of the S.O. who will have the authority to request replacement any that
are in their opinion unsuitable for use in this Contract. The position and placement of the
plants shall be shown in the Drawings.

All trees, shrubs and groundcover shall be of specified size and shape. There should be no
persistent weeds in root balls and root shall be in good condition.

The trees, shrubs and groundcovers supplied under this Contract are to be as far as possible
for transplanting, not too young or too old, so that when planted the landscape work will
present a finished appearance.

All planting must be carried out by experienced gardeners with the least damage to the
plants.

32.1.2 Prices
Prices are to include for supplying, transportation and planting of all trees, shrubs and
groundcovers. This Contract includes their correct positions, excavating and preparing the
ground prior to planting, supplying back-fill material, watering, tending and treating with
fertilizer until well established, providing supporting timber staking for all the trees.

Their maintenance, pruning, trimming tending, watering and fertilizer have to be


throughout the twelve (12) months maintaining period. All plants failing to take root over
the maintenance period or have become diseased, or in any way failed must be removed
and replaced at no extra cost over maintenance period. It is anticipated that some
adjustment in the positioning of plants damage will be inevitable and the Contractor must
include in his price for any multiple handling incurred in moving plants after they have
been planted form one position to another and all associated works. Prices are also to
include treatment with fungicide or insecticide as and when necessary over the period of
the Contract and Maintenance periods.

32.1.3 Plants Offered


All sizes and diameters of the trees and shrubs are approximates. However, if the size and
shape of the specified are unlikely to be obtained from the market, the S.O. shall be
notified immediately. Other sizes or shapes and other special plants in lieu of the specified
shall be used.

32.1.4 Topsoil
Topsoil shall be natural, fertile, agriculture soil, capable of sustaining vigorous plant
growth. It shall be uniform composition throughout, without a mixture of subsoil. It shall be
free of stone, lumps, life plants and their roots, stick and other extra matter. The pH shall be
in the range of pH 6 to 7.5.

Topsoil and dried soil mixes should be well mixed in the proportions of 3 parts sludge and
laid to a thickness of 12" for ground coverings. Labour is to be provided to fill the mixture
topsoil/sludge in the flower bed, tree and shrubs holes etc., to the required amount as
directed on site.

S32-1
32.1.5 Staking
All trees and palms should be supported immediately after planting. Attention is
particularly drawn to transplanted trees. Proper staking is to be provided to prevent rocking
by the wind. Staking is to be erected as per detail drawings.

32.1.6 Custody of Plants


Plants are to be planted immediately after delivery to the site and it is the Contractor's
responsibility for the safe custody of all the trees, shrubs and plants etc., until it is handed
over after successful completion.

32.1.7 Watering for Plants


Immediately after planting, the Contractor shall water sufficiently the newly planted trees
and shrubs. He shall during the maintenance period, keep the plants and materials well
watered. The Contractor's attention is drawn to the fact that if no water is used for watering
the plants, then this work will be done by others and payments for such works will be
deducted from his retention fund.

32.1.8 Maintenance
The Contractor's shall complete and execute the work to the satisfaction of the S.O. The
maintenance period shall be of 6 calendar months. The Contractor shall maintain all
planted areas. Maintenance includes watering, weeding, pruning, fertilizing, spraying, etc.
and any other and payments for such work will be deducted from his retention fund.

32.1.9 Samples
Sample plants are to be provided for approval free of charge as and when required by S.O.

32.1.10 Existing Plants and Planting Materials


Existing plants and planting materials within the site boundaries should be retained and
reused as required by the S.O. The Contractor is required to indicate an amount for salvage
of existing plants and planting materials if reused.

32.1.11 Filter material


In cases where plantable area areas are reinforced based, specification of the floor finish
should be as indicated in the drawings. The base should be gradually sloped to the weep
holes with a placement of a minimum 3" deep of filter materials i.e. 3/4" — 1/2" sized
rubble stone. These filter materials should be covered with a layer of “Tiram”.

32.1.12 Turfing
32.1.12.1 General
Turfing shall be carried out on areas as per plan. it is the responsibility of the Contractor
while in the operation of their planting to take every precautionary measure not to damage
existing good turf areas. The areas to be turfed shall be completely cleared of all debris,
large stone, broken the ground to the required level before spreading topsoil. The top edge
of embankment shall be rounded off to allow for the cutting of the with lawn mower.

32.1.12.2 Topsoil
The topsoil shall be as previously described in Section 2: Earthworks Sub-clause 2.1.2.3.
The contractor shall be provided sample of the topsoil to the S.O. for approval before
application.

S32-2
32.1.12.3 Preparation of Planting Area
The planting area shall be cultivated to an average depth of 6". Where the ground is clay,
hardpan, sunbaked earth or other impervious materials, it shall be ploughed or scarified to a
minimum depth of 6" to reduce to granular material of sizes not exceeding 3".

The ground shall be later be by lightly roiled with roller not exceeding 3 cwt. in weight.
Rolling shall only be done when the formation is dry.

32.1.12.4 Topsoil Application


The toe vegetation soil shall be spread over the planting area to a required depth in
accordance to the thickness of the turfs as approved by the S.O.

32.1.12.5 Turfs
The turf for use in the work shall be of the best quality and shall be obtained from sources
approved by the S.O. They shall be very healthy, free from defects, decay, disfiguring or
roots, sun or wind scalded injury, plan disease, insect or pest or any other form if
infestation.

The contractor shall furnish the S.O. for his approved samples of the turf before planting.

The S.O., whenever he deemed fit, shall visit and inspect the nursery from where the turfs
are obtained.

The turf shall be cut and lifted carefully with proper cutting tools and they shall be, flat,
square or rectangular, with even thickness, but shall be as the minimum thickness of the turf
shall be 1¼ ". The root formation shall be moist and the grass shall not exceed ¾ " long and
shall be dense green with vigorous roots and healthy.
The grass shall be staked on site, root to root and grass and the S.O. shall inspect to the
grass for weeds before laying. The grass shall always be kept moist by spraying with water
and covering with wet sacks.

32.1.12.6 Type of Turf – Cow Grass (Axonopus Compressus)


The type of turf for use in this Contract shall be cow grass (Axonopus Compressus). Cow
grass shall be planted within 24 hours of being cut or stripped off. Dry turf shall be rejected.

32.1.12.7 Close Turfing


The turf shall be laid on bed of top vegetable soil and shall be laid accurately to level and
full with close butt joints.

Immediately after laying, the turf shall be lightly beaten with wooden beater until they are
firmly bedded to the ground. Any depression(s) is so to remedy with additional topsoil
added underneath the turfing, the turf is to be beaten again to ensure firmness.

Laying and beating shall continue until all the turf is firmly bedded and a continuous turfing
area is obtained.

The minimum total thickness of the turf and the topsoil shall be 3" and it shall be measured
after the turf has been laid and beaten. For this purpose, small trial holes shall be dug as
directed by the S.O. if the thickness between the top of the grass and the formation level is
less than 3", the contractor shall, without additional cost, relay the turfs.

Close turfing to all newly formed earth embankment or slopes shall be cow grass pegged to
the embankment or slopes with approved wooden peg.

S32-3
32.1.13 Top Dressing
The material used for top dressing shall be 1 part of Sulphate of Ammonia and not less than
10 parts friable organic / topsoil. The Contractor shall apply top dressing to the turf area
immediately after they are laid and thereafter once a month.

The top dressing shall be deposited and spread evenly over the turfed area at the rate of 1
cwt. per acre.

32.1.14 Watering
The Contractor shall, immediately after laying, water the turf adequately. He shall water the
turf throughout the planting and maintenance periods.

The Contractor shall water the turfs by spraying so that no turf by spraying so that no turf or
soil will be disturbed. The rate of application shall be not less than ½ gallon per acre.

32.1.15 Cutting and Roiling


The Contractor shall cut the grass at least once a month throughout the planting and
maintenance periods or at any time instructed by the S.O. Grass cutting shall be carried out
with hand or mechanical tools with sharp and well-adjusted blades, so that the turf shall be
cleanly cut and no tearing will take place.

The Contractor shall take reasonable care not cut or damage the stolons or hizones of the
spreading grass when cutting spot turfing. No cutting shall be carried out when the grass is
wet or when it is raining.

Where and when instructed by the S.O., the Contractor shall roll the turf with a roller
weighing 3 cwt. to press the roots firmly into the soil and to produce a close well knitted
tufring.

32.1.16 Maintenance Operation for Plants


32.1.16.1 General
Planting maintenance shall include all necessary watering, cultivation, weeding, pruning,
wound dressing, disease and insect pest control, protective spraying, replacement of
unacceptable material, straightening plants which lean or sag, adjustment of plants which
settle or are planted too low, and other procedure consistent with good horticultural practice
necessary to ensure normal vigorous and healthy growth of all plants.

32.1.16.2 Recommended Procedure


The following are the required maintenance operations necessary for the care and upkeep of
the soft landscape works:-

S32-4
Description of
No. Items/instructions Recommended Regularity
Works
a) Watering For manual watering, water all plant materials and For shrubs and ground covers. 2
quantity of water applied at all times shall be items daily morning before noon/
sufficient to penetrate The soil to a prevent afternoon before 6:00pm.
saturation of the soil.
For trees, once a day preferably in
diffused light.

During rainy seasons, watering shall


be carried out as necessary.
b) Weeding Keep all planting areas free from weeds and Daily
undesirable grasses (by method and materials
approved by the S.O). Hand weeding to be
implemented for areas planted with shrubs and
groundcovers.
c) Disease and Insect Insect all plan materials and locate any disease or Once a month or as necessary
Pest Control insect pest infestations. Upon the discovery
necessary of any disease or insect pest infestations,
act promptly.
d) Pruning and The amount of pruning shall be limited to the Once a month or as necessary
Repair minimum necessary to remove dead or injured
twigs and branches to compensate for the loss of
roots as a result of transplanting operations. All
cuts shall be made flush, leaving no stubs. All
wounds shall be smothered and shaped so as not to
retain water. And the treated area shall be coated
with shell wound dressing or other acceptable
wound dressing, shear all hedge plants to the
desired height and maintain said height by periodic
shearing.

Pruning should be done neatly and in a way to


preserve their natural form and character and also
in a manner appropriate to their requirements.

It is advisable to prune approximately one-third of


the growth of large trees (those with 2 inch caliper
or over) by removal of superfluous branches should
be thinned out and not merely cut back. Long side
branches, however, may be shortened.

Shrubbery with extremely heavy tops should have


one-fourth to one-third of the weaker growth
removed by thinning.
e) Staking and All plants should be supported in accordance to the As necessary
Guying local practice or as otherwise specified. The rubber
tire tree ties should be loosened as the trees or
palms grow. Otherwise, they should be raised so
that they do not cut into the trunk and damage the
trees.
f) Fertilizing Application of commercial fertilizers of a Once in every two weeks.
completed formula 15:15:15(NPK) fertilizers shall
be uniform in composition, dry and free flowing.
g) Replacement of Dead or sickly plants are to be replaced with the Monthly inspection and change to be
Dead/Sickly same type as specified in the contract documents, done accordingly.
Plants unless otherwise instructed.
h) Clean-up All waste materials shall be continuously and Daily
promptly removed and all reasonable precautions
taken to avoid damage to existing structures, plants
and grass.

S32-5
32.1.17 Lawn Maintenance
32.1.17.1 General
Maintenance shall being immediately after each portion of grass and sad is installed and
after each plant is planted, and shall continue for a period of twelve (12) months from the
date of provisional acceptance.

Maintenance shall consist of watering, weeding, fertilizing, liming, disease and insect pest
control, pruning, aerating, protective spraying, replacement of unacceptable materials, and
any other procedure consistent with good horticultural practice necessary to insure normal,
vigorous and healthy growth of all works under this Contract.

The Contractor shall be responsible for the use of all materials. Labour and equipment and
any injury to plant material caused by such material, labour and equipment shall be
corrected and repaired by the Contractor at no additional expense to the Employer.
32.1.17.2 Watering
In watering grass sad, the quantity of water applied at one time shall be sufficient to
penetrate the soil to a minimum depth of six inches, and at a rate which will prevent
saturation of the soil. During extremely hot weather, care must be taken to prevent over-
watering and water application shall be spaced at longer intervals, unless grass is in danger
of drought damage.

Submit a schedule of watering programme for approval, and adjust the approved schedule
to fit requirement necessitated by changes in weather conditions and climatic factors.

All watering should be done in the afternoon or at evening. This enables the soil to absorb
a maximum amount of water with a minimum of evaporation,

During drought periods, the only way to maintain a desirable greenness is to give the lawn
a thought soaking once or twice a week. Light daily sprinkling does more harm than good.
It requires from 500 to 750 gallons of water for every 1,000 sq.ft of lawn for each
application to give an equivalent of ¾ " to ½ " of rain. This will moisten the soil from 3”
to 5" deep.

Continuous heavy watering favours diseases.

The surface layer of soil must be kept damp by frequent light watering with a fine spay
during the germination period after seeding or vegetative planting and after the young
plants are rooted firmly. It is often necessary to water three or four times daily in hot
windy periods. After the grass is established, water should be used sparingly and with
maximum intervals between applications.

Water should be applied to new seedlings and vegetative planting in a fine spray that will
not Wash the soil away from the base of young plants. It must be applied slowly so that
the surface will not puddle and crust.

Water lightly twice a day during establishment, then water heavily twice a week. Grasses
need about 1" of water per week.

32.1.17.3 Weeding
Keep all planting areas free from weeds and undesirable grasses, by a method and by
materials approved by the S.O.

32.1.17.4 Mowing
Mow all grass areas at regular intervals which will keep grass height from exceeding 2 ½".
Mower blades shall be set at 1 unless otherwise directed. If for reasons beyond the

S32-6
Contractors control, the height of the grass has exceeded 2 ½", the mower blades shall be
raised so that at no time will no more than ½ of the grass leaf surface be removed.

If sodded areas requires mowing within one month after installation, or if the soil is in a
saturated or soft condition, mowing shall be done with a lightweight rotary mower, and in
a manner which will not require the operator to walk on the sodded surface.

If straw has been used as mulch, it shall be maintained to have a uniform distribution, and
may be left in place during the cutting operations if it does not hinder the establishment of
the lawn.

Remove all grass clippings during or immediately after moving.

32.1.17.5 Raking
Raking is necessary in the fall to prevent matting and consequent smothering of
evergreen grasses.

32.1.17.6 Aerifying
Make periodic tests during the maintenance period to determine the degree that water and
air penetration is impaired the Contractor shall aerate these areas to the satisfaction of the
S.O., and in a manner that will not be harmful to the plant material. Equipment used for
aeration in grass sod areas shall be a "Terforator" or an "Aerifier", as approved by S.O.

Under normal condition, aerification should be done St least twice a year. Three or four,
or more, aerification may be done without HARMING the turf. Soil conditions fo?'
aerifications should be neither too wet nor too dry. The spraying and fall seasons usually
produce the proper soil conditions.

In hot, dry weather, aerification should be followed immediately by thought watering.

In time, regular aerification will help to break down thatch and cause it to decay more
rapidly. Reduced to its simplest terms, aerating will do four things:

a) Make the soil porous and the turf springy.

b) Allow air, moisture and fertilizer to get to the roots.

c) Increase growth rapidly, particularly when combined with fertilized, which is


applied while cavities are still open.

d) Prepare a good seed-bed without destroying existing turf.

Replace all dead or unacceptable plant materials as soon as weather conditions permit
and in accordance with procedures outline above.

32.1.17.7 Fertilizer and Pest Control


Every lawn, to be successful should be top-dresses with a suitable material feed with 10-6-4,
Milorganite. Turf builder or a composite fertilized and weed control, or other nitrogenous
fertilized at a rate two three pounds per 100 sq.ft and soak well into the ground. Restore bare
or thin areas by top-dressing with 1/3 each - screened compost of humus, good topsoil and
sand, applying mixture ½ to ½ 4" thick. Apply best quality seed, O.M. Scotts or equal, at a
rate peat Moss. Keep wet for two weeks minimum. Protect from trespassing.

Treat areas of heavy weed infestation using M.O Scotts programme or equal as directed by
manufacturer.

S32-7
Treat lawn every 5 to 7 years for grub control. Apply Dieldrin or arsenate of lead as
recommended by manufacturer. Check lawn areas weekly. If required, use sprinklers to soak
to depth of 3 to 4"

Chlordane shall be either a dry powder or liquid commercial chlordane of a standard brand,
suitable for application by standard equipment. It shall be delivered in standard containers
showing weight, analysis and name of manufacturer.

32.1.17.8 Clean-up
Upon completion of all construction, and before final acceptance, the Contractor shall
broom-clean the entire paved area. All tools surplus materials, equipment, debris etc. shall
be removed and the site shall be left in a neat and acceptable condition such as to meet the
approval of the employer.

Any soil, mushroom manure or similar material which has been brought on to paved areas
clean at all times. The contractor shall, periodically or as directed during the progress of this
work, remove and properly dispose of debris, and keep the premises reasonably clear of
hazardous obstructions. Upon and unused material provided for the work, and put the
premises in a neat and burning on the site will be subject to prior approval of the S.O. and
existing local and State regulations.

32.1.17.9 Protection of Lawn


Maintenance shall also include all temporary protection fences, barriers and signs and all
other work incidental to proper maintenance. The Contractor shall provide, at his own
expense, protection for all planted and seeded areas trespassing and damage at all times. If
any lawns, slope areas, trees or other required by the S.O.

Repair to damaged areas due to circumstances which are beyond Contractor's control, after
submitting request for change order and obtaining approval for same.

Maintenance shall also include all temporary protection fences, barriers and signs and all
other work incidental to proper maintenance.

Tenant damage - it is to be recognized that there will be occupancy of community during the
work of lawn and planting. It is also to be recognized that there will be as always, a
considerable amount of tent damage. The contractor will be held responsible for all such
tenant or other damage to planting and lawns until the time of acceptance by the S.O.

The Contractor will provide such barricades, temporary fencing, signs or policing as many
be ' necessary to control the said damage.

The contractor shall provide at his own. expense protection against trespassing complete
with planting. Provide barricades, temporary fencing, signs or policing as required to the
protect such seeded areas until accepted.

32.1.17.10 Inspection and Acceptance


All materials shall be subjected at any time and at any place to the inspection approval of
the Employer. Samples of all materials are required by the Employer. Upon approval of
samples, delivery of materials may begin. Approved samples shall be stored on site and
protected until furnishing of materials is complete.

When the grass has been cut a minimum of three times and a uniform catch of the specified
grasses is established without evidence of excessive weed or crab grass infestation, submit a
written request to the S.O. for inspection of the lawn areas will be measured by the S.O.

S32-8
The S.O. shall inspect all work for substantial completion upon request of the Contractor.
The request shall be received at least 10 calendar days before the anticipated date of
inspection.

Upon completion and re-inspection of all repair or renewals necessary in the judgement of
the S.O., the L.A shall certify in witting to the Employer as to the Substantial Completion of
the lawn works.

Upon acceptance by the Employer, the Employer shall assume maintenance of the lawn
areas.

If an infestation of weeds or crabs grass develops prior to acceptance of the lawn, the
Contractor shall treat the infestation by hand weeding or chemical control shall be furnished
and installed by Contractor as recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the S.O,
At least two weeks shall elapse after chemical control is applied before a request of
inspection for acceptance is made to the S.O.

For lawn area which is ready for inspection, no individual area of lawn shall have bare
sports or cover that is unacceptable amounting more than 2% of the individual lawn area,

The Contractor shall be responsible for all damage to lawn an area that is caused by the
work of his planting, mulching, plant maintenance or replacements begin done after lawn
areas are accepted.

32.1.17.11 Guarantees and Replacement


The Contractor is to guarantee grass until end maintenance period.

Reseed and replace any spots or portions of lawn that fails to germinate, in accordance with
specifications.

32.2 HARD LANDSCAPE


32.2.1 Excavation
As soon as the contractor is given possession of the site, he must maintain it and take
necessary steps to prevent excessive erosion and denudation of the site and bears the cost of
reinstating same to the levels from his own work commences.

At the time of tendering, it shall be deemed that the Contractor has ascertained the extent of
the excavation and filling required and shall allow for all the necessary labour, equipment
and mechanical plant, etc. to perform the work.

a) Maintain carefully all benches marks, monuments and other references points if
disturbed or destroyed, to replace as directed.

b) The contractor shall carry out all excavation in whatever materials that may be found
except for rock and shall deposit all excavated materials so that it will cause as little
damage and inconvenience as possible.

c) All excavations shall be carried out to the required breadths, depths, inclinations and
curvatures as may be necessary for the proper construction of the works or as shown
on the drawing. All excavations shall be sufficient to provide for necessary working
space, shuttering and any other temporary structure required during construction.

d) Unless otherwise stated, the excavation, whether in open cut or in trench, shall be
proceeded within such portions at a time as the S.O. may direct and shall not in the
first instance be carried down to a depth nearer than 150mm above formation level;
the last 150mm of depth to formation level shall be carried out by manual labour
immediately in advance of placing concrete screed, concrete or pipe-laying. The

S32-9
bottoms—of all excavations shall carefully trimmed and leveled, well rammed and
consolidated to ensure good solid foundations. The contractor shall take such steps as
are necessary to prevent damage to the formation due to exposures to the weather.

e) In the event of any excavation including rock excavation begin carried beyond the
limits on or against which permanent work is to be supported in accordance with the
drawings, unless otherwise directed or authorized by the S.O., the Contractor shall
take such at his own expense be required to fill the excess excavation with Grade
25/20 concrete or suitable materials as directed by, and to the satisfaction of the S.O.

f) All cutting, filling, backfilling and grading are required to bring the entire project
area, to the formation subgrade allowing for the construction of the surfacing and as
fixed by their 'finished grades. All surplus excavated materials are to be removed
from the site to a dump to be provided by the Contractor.

g) Any areas where settlement occurs are too filled to the required subgrade.

h) The Contractor shall report to the S.O. when the excavations are ready to receive
concrete and no concrete shall be laid until after the excavations dug too deep shall
be made up in grade 1:3 at the Contractor expense.

i) The contractor shall be responsible for the stability of the excavation at all times.

j) Provide all necessary, temporary shoring, sheeting, and planking and strutting, etc. to
secure and maintain the sides of excavations until, in the opinion of the S.O., the
construction work is sufficiently advanced to permit the timbering to be withdrawn.
Timbering shall be removed only under the personal supervision of a competent
foreman. All timbering are to be removed before filling in the excavations. Such
removal shall be at the Contractor's own risk and he shall make good at his own
expense any consequential damages to the works.

k) The Contractor shall be responsible for any injury to the work or consequential
damages caused by or arising out the removal of timbering and any advice,
permission or approval given by the S.O. relating to the removal of responsibility
under the Contract.

l) The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of the excavation at all times.

m) Provide all necessary, temporary shoring, sheeting, planking and shutting, etc. to
secure and maintain the sides of excavations until, in the opinion of the S.O., the
construction work is sufficiently advanced to permit the timbering to be withdrawn.
Timbering shall be removed only under the personal supervision of a competent
foreman. All timbering are to be removed before filling in the excavations. Such
removed shall be the Contractor’s own risk and he shall make good at his own
expense any consequential damages to the works.

n) When removing surplus soil, the contractor shall, with dispatch, clear up all
carriageways, footways, wages affected by his work, and leave the site of the Works
clean and tidy. If surplus soil is tipped into or removed from private property, the
operations shall be executed with the approval of, and the least possible amount of
inconvenience to the owner and occupier of the same.

o) The Contractor shall have no rights of ownership to the surplus materials excavated.

p) Hardcore shall consist of clean, hard, broken bricks, concrete, stone other approved
inert material of 75 x 50mm gauge. It shall deposit in layers not exceeding 150mm,
well rammed and consolidated, with the top surface watered and blinded with sand.
The thickness stated shall be the finished thickness after consolidation.

S32-10
q) The approved hardcore material shall be uniformly placed in position in layers to
make up to the required level. The interstices in each layer shall be filled and blinded
with sand and well watered and rammed.

32.2.2 Concreting
No approval or acceptance by the S.O. shall relieve the Contractor of his responsibility
under the sub-contract for the quality of materials and standard or workmanship in the
works.

32.2.2.1 Materials

32.2.2.1.1 General

a) Concrete shall be made with cement, aggregate and water. No other ingredients shall
be used without approval.

b) Whenever possible, the proposed sources of supply should be accompanied by a test


certificate or similar evidence from the supplier showing that the material complies
with the specified requirement.

c) All materials used in the Works shall comply in all respects with current issue of
relevant British Standard, except for any deviations specifically authorized in
subsequent clauses of this specification.

32.2.2.1.2 Cement

a) The cement shall be Portland cement complying with B.S. 12 or Portland blast furnace
cement complying with B.S. 146.

b) All cement shall be delivered to the site in bulk cement lorries of approval design or in
sealed bags.

32.2.2.1.3 Aggregates

a) Aggregates shall comply with the recommendation of B.S. 882. In special


circumstances a deviation from B.S. 882 in respect of grading or aggregates may be
accepted, subject to the prior approval of the S.O.

b) The contractor shall obtain an undertaking from the suppliers of both fine and coarse
aggregates of the quality and type selected that sufficient supplies are available to
complete the Contract.

c) Aggregates shall not contain hollow shells of unsuitable shape, in qualities which may
adversely affect the quality of or course permeability the concrete.

32.2.2.1.4 Water

Water shall be clean and tree from harmful mater. If water for the works is not available
from public utility undertaking supply, approval shall be obtained regarding the source of
supply and manner of its use. When so directed, the Sub-Contractor shall arrange for test of
the water to be carried out in accordance with B.S.3148.

32.2.2.1.5 Ready-mixed Concrete


a) Ready-mixed concrete nay be used, subject to approval. it shall be produced at an
approved depot. The concrete shall comply with B.S 5328, except where stated in
relevant clauses of this sections and the specification.

S32-11
b) All delivery notes shall be retained by the Contractor and made available for
inspection thought out the duration of the Contract. The Sub-Contractor shall also
send a copy to the S.O. for his record.

c) If at-any time the S.O is not satisfied that the ready-mixed concrete complies with
this Specification, he may alter the frequency of the sampling.

d) All the constituents for each mix shall be added at the manufacturer's depot. No extra
water or other materials shall be added after the concrete has left the depot.

32.2.2.1.6 Salts

The total amount of soluble salt in the concrete from the aggregate, water and any
admixtures shall not exceed the recommended values in clauses 6.3.8 of C.P.10.

32.2.2.1.7 Storage of Materials


a) All materials shall be stored in a manner which is not detrimental to their use in
works.

b) Where materials are to be stored on suspended floors or roofs, the contractor shall
ensure that such storage will not overload or distort the structural frame.

c) Cement shall be used in the order that it is received on site.

d) All cement shall be stored in weather - proof shed of adequate size having a raised
dry floor, or in silos of approved design.

e) Aggregates shall be stored on hard self - draining areas ur in approved hoppers or


containers.

f) Different aggregates shall be kept separately.

g) All materials which are unidentifiable or do not comply with this specification shall
be removed from the site immediately at the contractor's expense.

32.2.2.2 Reinforcement

32.2.2.2.1 General

The contractor is entirely responsible for the supply of steel conforming to this
specification. Reinforcement which does not comply shall be rejected and the contractor
will be responsible for all delays and costs incurred.

32.2.2.2.2 Types of reinforcement

The following types of reinforcement shall be used in the works:

Hot rolled milled steel bars with a characteristics strength of 250 N/mm and complying with
B.S 4449 or B.S. 4661 the steel must satisfy all aspects of the specification for grade
460/425 in the standards with the exception of characteristic strength.

Steel fabric shall be complied with B.S. 4483 and shall be delivered to site in flat sheets.

Prestressing strand shall conform to B.S. 4757.

S32-12
32.2.2.2.3 Storage

Reinforcement shall be stored clear off the ground.

Steel fabric shall be delivered and storage in fiat sheets. The contractor shall maintain on
site a stockpile of stock lengths of reinforcement and suitable cutting could arise due to
incorrect reinforcement deliveries.

32.2.2.2.4 Identification

All reinforcement on site shall be readily identifiable as to its grade and origin.

32.2.2.2.5 Test certificates

The contractor shall supply to the S.O. copies of all manufacturer's test certificates for all
batches of steel delivered to the site. Steel which does not have these certificates shall be
rejected. The certificates shall show the result of all the tests necessary to prove that the
reinforcement complies in all respects with the relevant British Standard. They shall include
the rebend test and shall be accompanied by details of the manufacturer's identification
marks rolled into each brand of bar supplied.

32.2.2.2.6 Bending, fixing and placing

a) Cleaning

All reinforcement shall be freed of all loose mill scale and thoroughly cleaned to
remove all loose rust, oil, grease or other harmful matter, immediately prior to being
placed in position in the works.

b) Bending

All reinforcement shall be cut and bent in accordance with B.S 4466. All high tensile
bars shall be cut and bent in accordance with the requirements for grade 460/425 in
the standard.

Bars shall not be bent or straightened in a manner that will damage them and all
reinforcement shall be bent cold.

c) Placing

All reinforcement shall be fixed in position in accordance with BS8110.

All reinforcement shall be accurately placed, securely fixed and adequately


maintained in the positions shown on the drawings.

The concrete cover to the reinforcement detailed on the drawings shall be maintained
by use of mortar blocks, reinforcement chairs or other approved methods. Mortar
blocks used for this purpose shall be made with 1:2 mortar measuring 2" x 2" and
true to thickness equivalent to the concrete cover to reinforcement as specified.

The use of mortar blocks is not permissible on exposed concrete faces.

The sub-Contractor shall supply and fix all necessary chairs required to maintain the
reinforcement in the correct position. The spacing of chairs and the diameter of bars
used in their manufacturer shall be agreed with the S.O. The weight of mild steel
used for chairs shall be allowed for in the rates for reinforcement.

All laps of fabrics and all intersections of bars shall be securely connected with
malleable iron wire of suitable size or by another approved method.

S32-13
No metal part of any device used for connecting bars on for maintaining
reinforcement in the correct position shall remain permanently within the specified
minimum concrete cover to the reinforcement.

The concrete cover to reinforcement shall be as indicated in the drawings.

d) Welding

Welding of the steel reinforcement is not required. Welding of reinforcement shall


not be carried out without the written permission of the S.O.

Welding of cold — worked high tensile strength reinforcement will not be permitted.

e) Projecting reinforcing

Projecting reinforcement or dowel bars for future connection of the structural works
shall be protected by cement paints, if they are to be left for a long time.

f) Rust staining

Concrete surfaces which will be exposed to view in the finished works shall be
protected from staining due to rusting of projecting reinforcement either by coating
the reinforcement with cement grout or by another approved method.

32.2.2.3 Formwork
a) Formwork panels shall be stiff enough to prevent damage to the concrete surface
caused by excessive movements of the panels during vibration of the concrete and
also due to construction traffic and loads.

b) Damaged formworks shall not be reused if in the opinion of the S.O. the making
good would impair 'the surface appearance of the concrete.

c) All joints in formwork and joints between the formwork shall be sufficiently tight to
prevent loss of liquid from the concrete through these joints.

d) Immediately before the concrete is placed in any sections of the formwork, the
interior of that section shall be completely cleared of all extraneous materials.

e) Each section of the formwork to structural members shall be inspected and passed by
the S.O. representative before concrete is placed in that section.

32.2.2.3.1 Formwork props

a) Formwork props are to be left in place when soffit forms removed, they shall not be
disturbed during the removal process.

b) Formwork props shall be positioned between permanent supports so that all members
are supported at no more than 3 metre centres in both directions.

32.2.2.3.2 Stability of formwork

a) The vertical propping of all formwork shall be carried down sufficiently far to
provide the necessary support without damage, overstress or displacement of any
part of the construction. The contractor is to make allowance for propping through
two (2) or more floors to supports the construction loads.

b) The contractor is deemed to have made a thorough study of all the drawings at the
tender stage, to verify the existence of any part of the structure which requires heavy

S32-14
propping. Any extra cost incurred for such heavy propping will be considered to
have been included the rate for the formwork.

c) Structural props shall be retained in position until new construction is sufficiently


strong to support its own weight and any loads to be placed on it during the contract
period. In the event that re-propping of the newly and the wet concrete of the floor
above, the re-propping shall be done to the satisfaction of the S.O.

d) All props shall be in the form of spaces frame, composite or single members with
sufficient stiffness or bracing so that the props will not sway or buckle under loads
which they are designed to carry.

32.2.2.3.3 Striking of formwork

a) Before any formwork is removed the contractor shall ensure that the concrete has
attained sufficient strength for striking to proceed.

b) The structure shall not be distorted, damaged or overload in any way by the removal
of the formwork.

c) The responsibility for the safe removal of any part of the formwork or props rests
with the contractor.

32.2.2.4 Final preparation and inspection


Before each concrete pour the contractor shall give notice as directed so that an inspection
may be made before the concrete is placed.

32.2.2.5 Mixing
Mixing shall be in accordance with BS8110.

The volume of mixed materials in each batch shall comply with the mixer manufacturer's
written recommendations.

Concrete shall be mixed in an approved mechanical batch type concrete mixer. Mixing shall
be continued until there is a uniform distribution of materials in the mixer and the mass is
uniform in colour. The mixing time for each batch shall not less than the minimum period
recommended by the mixer's manufacturer.

32.2.2.6 Transporting
Transporting shall be in accordance with relevant clause. Runs or gangways for concrete
transporters and main runs for foot traffic shall not be supported or allowed to bear on t he
fixed reinforcement.

Concrete shall be transported as quickly as possible from the mixer to its final position
without segregation or loss of any of the ingredients.

All plant and equipment used for transporting concrete shall be kept clean; all containers
used for transporting concrete shall be thoroughly washed out whenever mixing ceases.

32.2.2.7 Placing
Placing shall be in accordance with relevant clause.

Concrete shall be placed continuously up to construction joints while, in the opinion of • the
S.O., it is still sufficiently plastic for adequate compaction.

S32-15
At all times when reinforced concrete is being placed, a competent steel fixer shall be in
continuous attendance. He shall adjust and correct the position of any reinforcement which
may be displaced.

The sub-contractor shall keep on site a complete record of the works showing the time and
date when concrete is placed in each part of the works. The record shall be available at
times for inspection by the S.O.

32.2.2.8 Compacting
Concrete shall be thoroughly compacted during placing and shall be carefully worked
around all reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into the sides and corners of the
formwork.

Unless otherwise specified all structural concrete shall be compacted by the use of suitable
mechanical vibrators. Wherever possible, internal vibrators shall be used. Thin slabs shall be
vibrated by pan type’s vibrators.

Wherever concrete is being vibrated, at least one spare vibrator of each type in use shall be
available in case of breakdown.

Compaction shall start as soon as there is sufficient concrete within the formwork to
immerse the vibrator and vibration shall continue during the placing operation so that at no
time shall there be a large volume of uncompacted concrete in the formwork.

32.2.2.9 Placing to formed finishes


The concrete shall be placed in one continuous operation rising uniformly in the formwork
at a rate not less than 2m per hour. The concrete shall not be placed indirectly against a
vertical form face but shall be caused to flow to this surface during the compaction process.
Care shall be taken to avoid the form face from being splashed with mortar during the
placing operation.

32.2.2.10 Curing
Curing shall be in accordance with 3S8110.

Unless otherwise specified the sub - contractor shall obtain approval for his methods of
curing the cast concrete.

Liquid curing membranes shall not be used without approval.

32.2.3 Defective Work


Where, in the opinion of the S.O., any work of materials or workmanship in any part of the
Works fail to comply with this specification, that part of the Works will not be accepted and
may be classed as defective.

All works classed as defective shall be cut out removed from the Works and replace or
otherwise dealt with in the approved manner.

The contractor shall be responsible for any consequential costs or delays.

S32-16

Вам также может понравиться