A SEMINAR ON

BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATION

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CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Why BLDC ?
 Principle of BLDC motor
 Theory of operation
 Construction
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Application
 Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION
 T.G Wilson & P.H Tricky
made a dc machine with
solid state commutation
(1962)
 BLDC is also called
ECMs
 No need of commutator
& brushes
 Not directly operate
from a dc voltage source
 Combination of
synchronous motor & a
frequency inverter

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WHY BLDC?
Limitations of conventional dc motor
 Brushes may get displaced with increasing
in speed
 Difficulty in maintaining contact
 Brushes & commutator requires
maintanance
Limitation of synchronous motor
 Speed can’t be varied
 Problems with instability at any speed

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WHY BLDC(contd.)
PRINCIPLE OF BLDC MOTOR
 Frequency inverter used as commutator
 Commutation depends on rotor position
 Speed control by motor voltage
 Angle between mmfs of stator & rotor is
fixed to 90 deg (el.)
 Motor behaves like a dc motor
 No commutation occurs on the spinning
shaft

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THEORY OF OPERATION
Mode of Electronic commutation
(i)Sensor based(use of hall sensor)
- hall sensors are placed at every 120 deg.
- hall sensors sense the position of coil
- 6 commutation (phase) can be possible
- The decoder circuit turns appropriate
swithes on & off
- The voltage through specific coil turns the
motor
(i)Sensorless (use of MCUs)
- MCU measures back emf which determines
the position of magnet & rotor
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THEORY OF OPERATION(Contd.)

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How it Works

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CONSTRUCTION OF BLDC
Shape is either cylindrical or pancake
 Cylindrical BLDC(direction of magnetic
flux is radial wrt rotational axis)
(i) Inrunner(rotor inside)
Ex: hard disk drives
(ii) outrunner(rotor outside)
Ex: BLDC fan motors
outrunner inrunner

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 CONSTRUCTION(contd.)
 Pancake BLDC(direction of magnetic flux is
parallel wrt axis of rotation)
(i)Single stator(lower torque)
Ex: floppy disk drive motors
(ii)Double stator(high torque)

single stator double stator

Brushless pancake motor

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ADVANTAGES OF BLDC
 No brushes or commutators to wear out
 no generation of EMI
 High torque to inertia ratio
 No windings on the rotor but supported by
housing
 High efficiency(up to 97%)
 High heat transfer efficiency
 No sparks & longer life
 Maintenance free
 Good weight/size to power ratio
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 DISADVANTAGES OF BLDC
 Higher cost
 Must rotate at minimal speed to generate
sufficient back emf for the drive to sense
 Sudden changes in load causes back emf to
become out of synchronous resulting loss
of speed & torque
 Hall effect sensors might not work properly
 Requires additional sensors
 Requires complex drive circuitary

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 APPLICATION OF BLDC
 Low power BLDC
(i)Consumer electronics
(ii)Medical field
(a)sleep apnea treatment
(b) Optimising power
density
(c)Heat transfer efficient
(d)Medical analyser

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APPLICATION
 High power BLDC
(i)Transport
(ii)Heating & ventilation
(iii)Model Engg.

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CONCLUSION
 Due to all those advantages BLDC is now
replacing the conventional dc motor &
increasing popularity
 various researches are going on for
reducing its complexity in drive circuit with
different types of sensors
 As sensor less brushless DC drives continue
to develop and costs are reduced, the
attractiveness of brushless DC motors will
continue to increase.

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THANK YOU