ANSI|AGMA 2004-C08 ANSI/AGMA 2004-C08 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Gear Materials, Heat Treatment and Processing Manual (YY AGMA STANDARDAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANS/AGMA 2004-Co8 Annex B (informative) Test methods and test coupons [This annex is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSAGMA 2004-C08, Gear Materials, Heat Treatment and Processing Manual.] B.1 Test methods and commentary ‘The test methods listed in this annex are to be used when no other method is clearly defined or specified. Testing is performed to evaluate steel based on the metallurgical requirements of AGMA 923-B05 or other AGMA standards. Testing of the actual part is preferred, whenever practical. However, properly selected test coupons in accordance with AGMA 923-B05 can also be used. Depth dimensions are tobe measurednormal (not oblique) to the surface, Banding - See microsegregation, Base hardness - Pera standard or superficial hard- ness testing method listed under “hardness” Carbon - See surface carbon, Case depth, effective - Per microhardness test method. SAE J423 For carburize and hardened gearing and nitrided gearing, unless otherwise specified, the effective case depth is determined at a location 1/2 of tooth height (or from a representative test coupon). For induction or flame hardened gearing, unless otherwise specified, the effective case depth is de- termined at a location 1/4 of tooth height above the root. ‘Sectioning of an actual part to determine case depth need only be performed when the results of the test bar are cause for rejection, or the surface hardness of the part(s) isnotwithin3 HRC points of the surface hardness of the test bar. For carburize and hardened specimens, the micro- hardness traverse should be started 0.05 to 0,10mm_ below the surface and extendto at least 0.25 mm be- yond he depth atwhich 50 HRCis obtained. Usually an interval of 0.13 mm is used. Care should also be exercised in establishing the perpendicular to the tooth surface when starting the traverse. Effective case depth at roots are typically 50-70 percent of © AGMA 2008 ~~ All rights reserved mid-tooth height case depths, and tips may be 150 percent of mid-tooth height case depths, ‘When carburizing steels of high hardenability, such as 4320, 4820 and 9310, are used for fine pitches, ‘the high through hardening characteristics of the stoe| may prevent obtaining ahardness less than 50 HRC across the tooth section, The case depth should then be determined in the following manner: Measure the base material hardness at mid-tooth height at the mid-face. For each one HRC point above 45 HAC, one HRC point should be added to the 50 HRC effective case depth criterion (example, core hardness equals 47 HRC, effective case depth should be measured at 52 HRC). Case depth in these instances may also be measured on atestbar, ifbar size has been previously correlated to the gear tooth section. NOTE: Through carburized fine pitch teeth have sever- al disadvantages. Favorable residual compressive stresses at the surface are lowered. Excessive tooth distortion and a loss of core ductility can also occur. Parts of this type should be carefully reviewed for case depth spectications and for use of lower hardenabilty steels such as 4820 and 8620. The specified case depth for nitrided gearing is de- termined by the surface and subsurface stress gradi- ent of the design application, Surface hardness and core hardness will influence the design's minimum, required case depth. Since the diffusion of nitrogen is extremely slow, most specifications only specity a minimum case depth requirement. Case depth of nitrided specimens should be deter- mined using a microhardness tester. Atleast three hardness tests should be made beyond the depth at which core hardness is obtained to assure that the case depth has been reached. A test bar, for example 13 to 25 mm diameter with a length times the diameter, disc orplate section, can be used for determining case depth of nitrided parts. The test section must be of the same specified chemical analysis range and must be processed in the same manner as the parts it represents. 83