CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A. GENERAL

In the use of computers there are 3 components involved in intense, that

are hardware (hardware), software (software), and brainware (human). There are
no computer systems and computing activities that do not involve all three components.
One is the hardware that consists of several components. This one is
very vital component to the computer. Processors, graphics cards,
harddisk and other devices on the computer will not work without it, the name is
motherboard.

B. PURPOSE

Our purpose in discussing this matter is to find components that are

part of a specific motherboard to the laymen.

C. OBJECTIVES OF THIS WRITE

1. To explain the definition of motherboard
2. To explain history of motherboard
3. To explain components of motherboard
4. To explain the function of motherboard
5. To explain the damage of motherboard
 CHAPTER II

A. DEFINITION OF MOTHERBOARD

The motherboard is the central printed circuit board,

called Motherboard because this component is a major component of the series of CPUs,
so the motherboard can be interpreted in the Indonesian language is the Parent Board or
the main board.

As the name implies, the motherboard or mainboard is often also referred to the
circuit board where all the other components are connected. The motherboard is the
control center that regulates the work of all the components installed. Regulate the
provision of electrical power on any PC component. There were many small pieces slot
to plug in RAM(Random Access Memory) and the adapter. There plugged processors.

The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system

board, planar board or, on Apple computers, the logic board. It is also sometimes
casually shortened to mobo.

As the time gone, the motherboard has a variety of development accompanied by

development of its components. Where development will be very influence the
mechanism of other devices.
B. HISTORY OF MOTHERBOARD

Prior to the advent of the microprocessor, a computer was usually built in a card-
cage case or mainframe with components connected by a backplane consisting of a set of
slots themselves connected with wires; in very old designs the wires were discrete
connections between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the
standard practice.

The Central Processing Unit, memory and peripherals were housed on individual
printed circuit boards which plugged into the backplate. During the late 1980s and 1990s,
it became economical to move an increasing number of peripheral functions onto the
motherboard. In the late 1980s, motherboards began to include single ICs (called Super
I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy
disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. As of the late 1990s, many personal computer
motherboards supported a full range of audio, video, storage, and networking functions
without the need for any expansion cards at all; higher-end systems for 3D gaming and
computer graphics typically retained only the graphics card as a separate component.
The early pioneers of motherboard manufacturing were Micronics, Mylex, AMI,
DTK, Hauppauge, Orchid Technology, Elitegroup, DFI, and a number of Taiwan-based
manufacturers.
The most popular computers such as the Apple II and IBM PC had published schematic
diagrams and other documentation which permitted rapid reverse-engineering and third-
party replacement motherboards. Usually intended for building new computers
compatible with the exemplars, many motherboards offered additional performance or
other features and were used to upgrade the manufacturer's original equipment.
Motherboard distinguished on the form and layout of the circuit is commonly called
the form factor. From its shape, the motherboard are usually divided into two, namely
the model of desktop (monitorplaced on the CPU) and the
model tower (monitor placed next to theCPU).
While based on the form factors are used, the motherboarddistinguished on two big
groups: ATX (Advanced Technology -introduced by IBM in 1984) and non ATX.
C. COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD
Modern motherboards include :

1. Microprocessor or processor is a chip that serves as the brains of a PC.

2. Power Connector is a pin which connect the motherboard with power supply in
casing of a computer
3. Chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main memory,
and peripheral buses
4. A clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various
components
5. Southbridge

Under the southbridge chipset heatsink that there are functions to perform
input and output regulation of several components such as hard drives, optical drives,
USB ports, and PCI Express expansion slots. Along with the many demands of the
process to be done, so now it comes with the chipset heatsink to be more stable.

6. Northbridge

Located under the Chipset heatsink fan is equipped with working with the
southbridge chipset to make arrangements for a video card, processor, and memory.
At this chipset has several new features that can deliver high speed ports for LAN
connections and added extra PCI Express.

7. Soket and slot of processor to plug your processor

8. Floppy and IDE connector to connect the motherboard with storage devices
9. AGP 4X slot for graphic card
10. Standby Power LED as reminder for turn off the system power before turn on or
turn off the machine.
11. Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing
the system's firmware or BIOS
12. PCI slots
13. PS/2 Mouse Port
14. Port Paralel dan Serial
15. RJ-45 Port
16. Line in jack and out jack for audio
17. Microphone jack
18. USB 2.0 port 1 dan port 2
19. USB 2.0 port 3 dan port 4
20. Video Graphics Adapter Port (VGA)
21. Keyboard connector
22. Printer slot
23. BIOS

When you first turn on the PC, the motherboard will boot and run code that
contains the Basic Input Ouput System (BIOS), BIOS will run some tests to prepare
for all the hardware and then run the operating system. BIOS itself is stored in Flash
RAM with a capacity of about 2-4 MB, and chanced upon this example has two
motherboard BIOS.

24. Batere CMOS as stopgap of power suply.

25. Expansion slots

Some of the latest motherboards are now equipped with a mix of PCI and PCI
Express expansion slot. As for the PCI Express there are usually two types, namely
PCI Express 16x that serves to replace the AGP and PCI Express 1x slot is the
smallest size and will be used as a substitute for the existing PCI slot for modem
support and some other input device.

26. Additional Components

Some motherboard manufacturers usually equip chipset motherboard with

some optional, like the Silicon Image SATA RAID, FireWire Controller Texas
Instruments, and two Broadcom Gigabit LAN controller. Some chipsets can be used
to support the connectivity that requires a higher transfer rate.
D. FUNCTION OF MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard or mainboard is the board / main board where the main
components such as microprocessors and memory (RAM, ROM, BIOS) chip along with
other controllers. There is also SLOT Expansion is the place to put the cards additional
functions to improve the facilities and capabilities required. Microprocessor mounted on
the socket / slot corresponding to the shape and size of the microprocessor, such as socket
370, 470, LGA 775, socket A 462 (AMD), the socket slot I (Pentium 2 and 3). On the
motherboard, microprocessor communicates with other components via a bus or data
path. This bus has evolved from the bus 66, 100, 133, 200, 266, 333, 400, 500, 800 MHz.
This development was to compensate for the microprocessor work faster. Expansion slot
also experiencing growth. Usually table of diagram has been included on the
motherboard when you buy a CPU / Mainboard .Processor or CPU (central processing
unit) has the function to read and interpret instructions, does execution, and storing the
results in memory. CPU data bus that is used has a 16.32 or 64 bit.

E. SORT OF MOTHERBOARD
Various sorts of Motherboard :
a. AMD Motherboard
b. VIA Motherboard
c. ATX Motherboard
d. INTEL Motherboard
e. ASUS Motherboard
F. MOTHERBARD DAMAGE
If the PC is often times show an attorney-alamatan complicated, or displaying an
error message, emits a continuous beep uniformly or irregularly, the PC is probably in
trouble,
This type of damage can be categorized into two categories :
a. Damage to Hardware:
Problems with hardware components need to be serious because of the
difficulty of handling localized and removed without the proper tools, skills and
experiences that support. Explanation will revolve around the problems that often
occur along with how to cope.
b. Damage to the Mother Board
Symptoms:
Once turned on, no display on the monitor, the indicator light (LED) on the
front panel is lit, the indicator light (LED) flashing monitors, power supply fan and
processor fan spins, no beep sound at the speaker.
Solution:
The first step, loose all power cables which connected to the electrical, data
cable to the monitor, keyboard cable / mouse, and all the cables which connected to
the CPU, then cashing out all the screw covers. In an open case please also remove
other components, ie the voltage of power supply cables are connected to the
motherboard, hard drive, floppy, be careful not to rush the process. So is the card
attached to the Motherboard (VGA, Sound Card or other). Now attached to the
motherboard just cashing it. Please check carefully the motherboard, see Chip (IC),
Elko, transistor and others if there is a fire.
If there are no signs of burnt components likely motherboard is still good, but
sometimes when motherboard does not work because of program damage which
contained in the BIOS,
 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION
Based on the materials we have discussed, we draw the following conclusion:
The motherboard is one component of the series of computer,components
are called Motherborad because this component is a major component of the series of CPUs,
so the motherboard can be interpreted in the Indonesian language is the Parent Board or the
main board which has slots for other components, so that the components are connected to
each other and work together well.
 REFERENSES
http://endangkurniati.blogspot.com/2011/06/makalah-motherboard.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard