MATTER- anything that has mass and occupies space (volume)

Properties of matter
1.)Physical 2.)Chemical
a.)mass (heavy&light)
b.)volume
c.)color
d.)shape

e.)Size,height,length,width boiling point,freezing,melting density

Mass-amounts or quantify of matter
-platform balance
Instrument
Weighing scale
-kilogram(kg)
units
Gram(g)
Volume-space occupied by matter
-graduated cylinder
-Liter (L)
Units
Milliliter (mL)
ATOMS

Democritus (400BC)- Early philosopher came up w/an idea that an matter can
be broken down into it’s smallest particle.
-tiny invisible called (ATOMS)
(Greek atomos means invisible)
-throughout that atoms are of varied kinds,shapes and sizes.
-combination of various atoms resulted in the formation on
of NASA varieties of matter w/c this idea was received by ARISTOTLE.

Aristotle-believed that matter is obviously dividing

John Dalton’s Atomic Theory-based from the idea of atominism.

Postulator/Assumption

1.Matter is made up of tiny invisible particles called atoms.

2.All of a given element are the same in shape,size and kind.
3.Atoms enter into a combination with other atoms to form compound but
remain unchanged during ordinary chemical reactions.
4.Atoms combine in simple numerical ratios such as 1:1,1:2 and 2:3 because the
foundation of the three basic laws in chemical changes.

a.Law of conservation of mass

b.Law of definite proportion
c.Law of multiple proportions
 The Structure of the Atom

A. Cathode RayTube
-William Crookes is an English Chemist
-used crookes tube
-Rays coming from cathode (negative electrode)
Called cathode rays .
Emitted from cathode electrode
Straight line
It fluoresce when hit a glass
Has a negative change
Known as Electrons
Electrons-identified by Sir Joseph John Thompson

B. Canal Rays
-Eugene Goldstein –German Physicist
-massive particles
-positively (+) charged
-called ions

MODEL OF ATOMS

1.SirJoseph John Thompson/JJ Thompson

-Plum Pudding or Bread-Raisin Model
-atom is -a sphere of uniformly distributed
positive charge with electrons

Features of the Periodic Table

1.GROUPS – Vertical columns (top-bottom)
- also called FAMILIES
 Group 1 – Alkali metals
2 - Alkaline torch metals
17- Halogens
- Noble gases
- Oxygen group

-Horizontal rows
-from left to right
-1,2,3,4,5,6,7

3.TRANSITION ELEMENTS – Group 3 -12

a) lanthanides - transition block
b) actinides - linner transition elements

4.REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
-Main groupps (group 1,2,13,14,15,16,17,18)

5.METALS- left side

a.luser
b.malleable
c. doctile
d.conducts electricity
and heat
6.NON METALS –right side
-isulators

7.SEMI METALS OR METALIODS

-star stepline /zigzag line
-some properties are metal and some are non metal
-Bi,Si,Ge,As,Sb,Te,Po
-semi conductors

REACTIVITY- ease and speed a metal reacts with another substance

-can cause detenoration of materials
-corrosion

PROPERTIES / TRENDS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE

1.) ACTIVITY SERIES
A.) Group / family – more reactive
(Top to bottom) (increasing)
 ATOIC NUMBER – no. of protons in the nucleus
- COMMON CHARACTERISTICS of all ATOMS
Of an elements

FEATURES OF THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

1) 16 VERTICAL COLUMNS – FAMILIES OR GROUPS
17 HORIZONTAL ROOWS – PERIODS / SERIES

2) Groups or Families are classified:

a) REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
-Group 1A to VII A
- 1,2,13,-18
- includes METALS – NON METALS
and METALLOIDS

b) TRANSITION METALS
- GROUP BE ELEMENTS
- lathanide series (rave earth elements)
- 57 to 71 or 3 -12
- aotomide series ( radioactive elements)
- 89 to 98
c) NOBLE OR INVERT GASES
- group VII A or zero
- inactive
ISOTOPES – the some atom having different ATOMIC MASS