A Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Conventional and Pre-Engineered Industrial Steel Frames

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Industries require large column free open spaces for operation for that steel structure are
most suitable choice for achieving. Generally Steel is used as construction material in
industries, the reason is because of its characteristics and properties that it has. Steel is
strong, hard, tough, ductile, fire resistant and also has very high melting point. The
designing of industrial Steel Structure includes designing of the structural elements
including principal rafter or roof truss, column and column base, purlins, sag rods, tie
rods, gantry girder, bracings etc. The use of steel structures is not only Economical but
also Eco friendly at the time when there is a threat of global warming. The demand of
steel for construction is increasing day by day over RCC because steel offers better
tension and compression resulting in lighter construction. Steel structures have much
better strength to weight ratio than RCC structures and they can be easily dismantled and
can be shifted or expand as per requirements in future.

1.2 CONVENTIONAL INDUSTRIAL STEEL FRAMES

Conventional industrial steel frames are low rise steel frames with roofing systems of
truss and roof coverings. Standard hot rolled sections are used for truss elements which
are much heavier than what is actually required as per design. The sections which are
used in conventional industrial steel frames have standard dimensions which cannot be
alter as per requirements.

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A Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Conventional and Pre-Engineered Industrial Steel Frames

Fig. 1.1: Schematic representation of a Conventional Industrial Steel Frame

1.3 PRE ENGINEERED INDUSTRIAL STEEL FRAMES

Pre-engineered steel frames are nothing but steel frames in which excess steel is tapered
as per bending moment requirements. Tapered I sections, hot rolled sections, cold form
sections are used to achieve this arrangement. Pre-engineered steel frames are fully
fabricated in factories and are carried to the location according to the requirement. These
structures are erected on the site by bolting the various components together as per
specifications. Pre-engineered buildings are generally low rise buildings however the
maximum eave height can go up to 25 to 30 metres. Generally Pre-engineered steel
frames are used for the construction of ware houses, factories, workshops, aircraft
hangers, metro station, show rooms, vehicle parking sheds etc.

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A Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Conventional and Pre-Engineered Industrial Steel Frames

Fig. 1.2: Schematic representation of a Pre- Engineered Industrial Frame

1.4 ADVANTAGES OF PRE ENGINEERED INDUSTRIAL STEEL

FRAMES.
The advantages of Pre-engineered industrial steel frames are,
Reduction in Construction Time
The construction of Pre-engineered industrial steel frames requires about 8 weeks after
approval of drawings. By this about 40% of construction time gets reduced .This leads
40% early occupancy.
Flexibility in Expansion
The Pre-engineered industrial steel frames can expand in length, width and height with
proper future planning.
Longer Span
Pre-engineered industrial steel frames can be constructed with a clear span of about
100m.

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A Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Conventional and Pre-Engineered Industrial Steel Frames

Lower Weight
Pre-engineered industrial steel frames are of light in weight because they are made as per
bending moment requirements.
Quality Control
The quality of pre-engineered industrial steel frames is assured because they are
manufactured completely in factories under controlled conditions.
Less Wastage
The wastage of construction materials in Pre-engineered industrial steel frames is less
Low Maintenance
Pre-engineered industrial steel frames are more durable and have less maintenance cost
because the steel frames which are erected are coated with quality paints which are
suitable according to the climatic conditions.

1.5 OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the present study on a comparative study of seismic performance
of conventional and pre–engineered industrial steel frames are as follows.

1. To model conventional industrial steel frame using STAAD Pro. V8i software.
2. To model pre-engineered industrial steel frame using STAAD Pro V8i software.
3. To analyse and design the conventional and pre-engineered industrial steel frames for
the worst load combination.
4. To compare the seismic performance of conventional and pre-engineered industrial
steel frames in terms of storey displacement, storey drifts ratio and storey stiffness
considering response spectrum analysis.
5. Material saving and cost comparison of pre-engineered and conventional industrial
steel frames.

1.6 SCOPE
The scope of this study is limited to the design and comparison between Conventional
and Pre-engineered buildings.

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A Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Conventional and Pre-Engineered Industrial Steel Frames

1.7 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the above stated objectives, following methodology is adopted in the present
study.
1. Modelling Conventional and Pre Engineered Industrial Steel Frames
Conventional and pre-engineered industrial steel frames are modelled using STAAD Pro.
V8i software. Dead Load (DL), Live Load (LL), Wind Load(WL) and Earthquake
Load (EL) are applied on both the frames as per IS 875-Part 1 (1987), IS
875-Part 2 (1987), IS 875-Part 3 (1987), and IS 1893-part 1 (2002) codal provisions
respectively.
2. Analysis and Design of Conventional and Pre Engineered Industrial Steel Frames
The developed models of conventional and pre-engineered industrial steel frames are
analysed using STAAD pro V8i software for various load combinations specified by IS
800 (2007). The members of both the frame are designed for the worst load combination
considering IS 800 (2007) codal provisions.
3. Seismic Performance of Conventional and Pre Engineered Industrial Steel
Frames
Both the frames are subjected to response spectrum analysis as per IS 1893-part 1 (2002)
codal provision in STAAD pro V8i software, Seismic parameters like storey
displacement, storey drift ratio and storey shear values obtained for both the frames are
compared.
4. Cost Comparison of Conventional and Pre Engineered Industrial Steel Frames
Total mass of the steel required for both the conventional and pre-engineered industrial
steel frames is calculated and cost comparison is also made to check the economy
achieved in using pre-engineered steel frames over the conventional steel frames.

CHAPTER 2
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A Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Conventional and Pre-Engineered Industrial Steel Frames

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL
In this the literature review of comparative study on seismic performance of conventional
and Pre-engineered building is carried out from various journals, books, references and
from websites.
2.1.1 Aijaz Ahmad Zende et al. (2013) Investigated the adequacy of Pre-engineered
buildings over Conventional steel buildings and performed dynamic, wind analysis of
hostel building as per IS 1893-part 1 (2002), IS 875-part 3 (1987) using STAAD.PRO
software. It was inferred that Pre-engineered steel buildings offers low cost, strength,
durability, design flexibility, adaptability recyclability and weight of steel used in Pre-
engineered building is 27% less when compared to conventional steel building.
2.1.2 C.M. Meera (2013) compared study between Pre-engineered buildings over
Conventional steel buildings and performed wind analysis of ware house as per IS 875-
part 3 (1987) using design software STAAD.pro. It was concluded that Pre-engineered
building structures are easy to design and more advantageous than CSB structures in
terms of cost effectiveness, quality control speed in construction and simplicity in
erection.
2.1.3 L. Maria Subashini and Shamini Valentina (2015) compared design of
conventional steel frames with concrete columns, steel columns over Pre Engineered
Buildings and performed dynamic, wind analysis of industrial building as per IS 1893-
part 1 (2002), IS 875-part 3 (1987) using STAAD.PRO V8i software. It was conveyed
that PEB structures are easy to design, The frames of PEB are low in weight that offers
more resistance to earthquake loads than conventional frames with concrete and steel
columns and the building cost of Pre-engineered buildings is 30% less than Conventional
steel buildings.
2.1.4 Jinsha and Linda Ann Mathew (2015) Compared and designed Pre engineered
buildings with varying bay spacings using STAAD pro.2007 software. It was concluded
that the weight of pre engineered buildings depends on bay spacing, with increase in bay
spacing up to certain spacing weight reduces and further increase in bay spacing makes
the weight heavier.
2.1.5 Pratik R. Atwal et al. (2017) Compared design of Pre engineered buildings as per
Is 800-2007 with international standards like American code,Euro-03 and BS 5950-2000
using STAAD.pro software. It was concluded that by comparing IS 800-2007 with
American code the design result noted that the weight of structure is reduced by 23.97%,

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A Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Conventional and Pre-Engineered Industrial Steel Frames

as per euro-03 the weight of structure is reduced by 27.2% and as per BS 5950-2000 the
weight of structure is reduced by 9.04%.
2.1.6 Quazi Syed Shujat and Ravindra Desai (2018) compared study of conventional,
Pre-engineered and tubular structures and performed wind analysis as per IS 875-part 3
(1987) using STAAD.PRO software. It was concluded that Pre-engineered building is
more economical than conventional building but uneconomical over tubular structures but
tubular structures are not used because of the restriction of sizes that are available in
market.

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