Midterm solution

Solution Q1
(a)
(i) There are three regions in this core. The top and bottom form one region, the left side
forms a second region, and the right side forms a third region. If we assume that the mean
path length of the flux is in the center of each leg of the core and if we ignore spreading
at the corners of the core, then the path lengths are
l1 = 2(41cm) = 82 cm, [1 mark]
l2 = 36 cm, and [1 mark]
l3 = 36 cm. [1 mark]

The reluctances of these regions are:

l
R
roA

R1= 0.82 /(1000  4π  10-7  0.06 x 0.16)

= 67.97 kA-t/Wb [2 marks]
R2 = 0.36 /(1000  4π  10-7  0.06  0.15)
= 31.8 kA-t/Wb [2 marks]
R3 = 0.36 /(1000  4π  10-7  0.06  0.07)
= 68.21 kA-t/Wb [2 marks]
R air-gap =0.0005/(4π 10-7  0.06  0.16 1.05) [2 mark]
= 39.47 kA-t/Wb
The total reluctance is thus
R total = 67.97 + 31.8 + 68.21+39.47 [1 mark]
= 207.45 kA-t/Wb

The magnetomotive force required to produce a flux of 0.003 Wb is

[1 mark]
F= R total = 2  207.45=414.9 A.t

Therefore required current is

[1 mark]
= 414.9 / 600 ≈ 0.7 A

(ii) The flux density on the top of the core is

[1.5 mark]
= 0.002 / (0.16 x 0.06)
= 0.208 T
The flux density on the right side of the core is

= 0.002 / ( 0.06 x 0.07 ) [1.5 mark]

= 0.4762 T

(b)
For Delta connection

VL = Vph = 415 V [1 mark]

Zph = 5 +j5 = 7.07 45 [1 mark]

Iph = Vph / Zph = 415 / 7.07 = 58.69 A [1 mark]

IL = √3 x Iph = √3 x 58.69 = 101.65 A [1 mark]

P = √3 VL. IL. cos θ = √3 x 415 x 101.65 x cos 45 = 51657 W [1 mark]

Q = √3 VL . IL. sin θ = √3 x 415 x 101.65 x sin 45 = 51657 var [1 mark]

S = P2  Q2 = 73054 VA [1 mark]

Power factor = 0.707 lagging [1 mark]

Solution Q2:

Reqp Xeqp
I1 I2/a

Vp Xm
Rc aV2

[3 marks]
Reqp = R1+a2R2
Xeqp = X1+a2X2

(i)
a =V1/V2= 10, [1 mark]
Ѳ2 = cos-1 0.8 = -36.8° [1 mark]
I2 = S/V2= 150 103 / 240 = 625 A [1 marks]
I2/a = 62.5⦟-36.8° = 50 – j37.5 A [1 mark]

Zeq (referred to primary) = R1 + a2R2 +j (X1 +a2X2) = 0.2 + 0.2 +j (0.45 +0.045)
= 0.4 + j0.495 Ω = 0.636⦟51.058° [2 marks]

V1 = aV2 + (I2/a) Zeq =2400 + 62.5⦟-36.8°x 0.636⦟51.058° [3 marks]

= 2400 + 39.776⦟14.258°=2400+38.55 +j9.8

= 2438.55 + j9.8 = 2438.57⦟0.23° V

V1  aV2 2438.57 - 2400

VR   100%   100%  1.6%
aV2 2400
[2 marks]

VR can be also calculated as follows:

Applying KVL yields

aV2 = V1- (I2/a) Zeq =2400 - 62.5⦟-36.8°x 0.636⦟51.058°

= 2400 - 39.776⦟14.258°=2400-38.55 -j9.8

= 2361.45 - j9.8 = 2361.47⦟ -0.23° V
V1  aV2 2400 - 2361.47
VR   100%   100%  1.63%
aV2 2361.47

(iii)
Output power = 150000 cosѲ = 150000(0.8) = 120 kW [2 marks]

Losses = copper losses + core losses = I12R1 + I22R2 + 589 = 62.52(0.2)+6252(2m) +589
=781.25 + 781.25 +589 = 2151.5 W [2 marks]

Efficency = Pout/Pout + losses = 120k / 120k+2.1515k = 98.24% [2 marks]