DM

Zinc phosphate cement, when used as a luting

agent for cast restorations, has which of the
following properties? Which of the following is/are essential when
using spherical rather than admix alloy for a
Insolubility. routine amalgam restoration
Anticariogenicity.
Chemical adhesion. a larger diameter condenser.
Mechanical retention. an anatomical wedge.
decreased condensing pressure.
(1) (2) (3) a dead soft matrix band.
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4) (1) (2) (3)
(4) only (1) and (3)
All of the above. (2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.
The best way to increase the working time of
a polyvinylsiloxane is to

change the catalyst/base ratio. Which one of the following cements is

refrigerate the material. anticariogenic because of fluoride ion release?
add oleic acid.
reduce mixing time. Resin.
Polycarboxylate.
Zinc phosphate.
Glass ionomer.
Which of the following cements can
chemically bond to enamel?

Zinc phosphate cement. A hardened gold alloy will exhibit

Polycarboxylate cement.
Ethoxy benzoic acid cement. less plastic deformation per unit of stress than
Glass ionomer cement. the same alloy in a softened condition.
(1) (2) (3) greater plastic deformation per unit of stress
(1) and (3) than the same alloy in a softened
(2) and (4) condition.
(4) only no difference in the plastic deformation per
All of the above. unit of stress of the alloy in hard or
soft condition.

The dimensional stability of polyether

impression material is considered to be
good EXCEPT if the material is
dehydrated.
allowed to absorb water after setting.
used in uneven thickness.
distorted by rapid removal of the
impression from the mouth.
contaminated with latex.
The best means of extending the working
time of an irreversible hydrocolloid
impression material is to
extend spatulation time.
add additional water.
use cold water.
add a small amount of borax.
add potassium sulfate.

Using less water for mixing plaster of Paris

will result in set plaster that

contracts.
is stronger.
is more porous.
is less brittle.

The gypsum material used for fabrication of

dies exhibits a higher crushing strength than
does regular stone because of

difference in particle shape and density.

difference in the chemical composition of the
powder particles.
exothermic heat of setting.

From Type I to Type IV gold alloys there is

an increase in gold content.

no change in the gold content.
a reduction in gold content.
a reduction in platinum content.

The higher modulus of elasticity of a chromium-

cobalt-nickel alloy, compared to a Type IV gold
alloy, means that chromium-cobalt-nickel partial
denture clasp will require
a heavier cross section for a clasp arm.
a shorter retentive arm.
more taper.
a shallower undercut.

In taking an impression with polysulfide or

silicone materials, if the heavy bodied tray
material begins to set before seating, the
resultant die will

not be affected dimensionally.

be overall smaller.
be overall larger.
develop a rough surface texture.
develop bubbles at the interface of the
syringe and tray material.
The main purpose of flux in soldering is to magnesium oxide.
zinc-oxide.
-dissolve surface oxides and prevent calcium hydroxide.
further oxidation.
-prevent recrystallization and grain
growth.
-prevent oxidation and lower the melting
The immersion of a hydrocolloid impression in
range of the solder.
-dissolve surface oxides and lower the 2% potassium sulphate for 2 to 5 minutes will
melting range. retard the set of the stone.
accelerate the set of the stone.
inhibit the formation of bubbles in the
The addition of platinum to a dental gold alloy
results in increased stone.
minimize the distortion of the hydrocolloid
strength. material during the storage time.
hardness.
melting point. In soldering nickel-cobalt-chromium alloys
resistance to corrosion.
and stainless steel, the function of the fluoride
flux is

to lower the melting temperature of the

-(1) (2) (3) solder.
-(1) and (3) to reduce the copper-oxide content of the
-(2) and (4)
alloy.
-(4) only
-All of the above. to stop the flow of the molten solder onto
undesired areas.
to reduce the formation of chromium
Which of the following is/are essential when oxide during soldering.
using spherical rather than admix alloy for a
routine amalgam restoration? During the setting phase, a dental stone
a larger diameter condenser. mixture will exhibit
an anatomical wedge. expansion.
decreased condensing pressure.
a dead soft matrix band. contraction.
loss in compressive strength.
(1) (2) (3) gain in moisture content.
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only The coefficient of thermal expansion of the
All of the above. metal relative to the porcelain for
Which of the following prevents distortion of constructing a metal-ceramic crown should
a reversible hydrocolloid impression material? be (DM)

Slow removal from undercuts. A. slightly less.

Storage in 100% humidity for 30 minutes. B. the same.
Storage in air. C. slightly more.
Storage in 2% solution of potassium D. significantly less.
sulfate for 60 minutes.

The main reason for adding copper to a

dental amalgam alloy is to (DM)

A. increase expansion.
The principal ingredient of a zinc phosphate B. reduce tarnish resistance.
cement powder is C. make amalgamation easier.
D. reduce the tin-mercury phase.
zinc phosphate.
silica.
 Which of the following are characteristics of
restorative glass ionomer cements?
(DM)
1. Release of fluoride.
2. Bonding to enamel.
3. Setting is affected by moisture.
4. Irritating to pulpal tissues.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.
The setting of a zinc-phosphate cement can
best be retarded by (DM)
A. decreasing the particlesize.
B. increasing the concentration of waterin
the liquid.
C. increasing the rate of addition of the
powder to the liquid.
D. cooling the glass mixing slab.
The higher modulus of elasticity of a
chromium-cobalt-nickel alloy, compared to a
Type IV gold alloy, means that chromium-
cobalt-nickel partial denture clasp will require
(DM)
A. a thicker cross section.
B. a shorter retentive arm.
C. more taper.
D. a shallower undercut.
A silane coupling agent is used to (DM)
A. control polymerization shrinkagein
composite resins.
B. enhance the bond between a porcelain
veneer and the resin cement.
C. reduce the surface tension when investing
a wax pattern.
D. facilitate the soldering of goldcastings.
The most frequent cause for composite resin
restoration failure is (DM)
A. brittleness of the composite.
B. excessive polymerizationshrinkage.
C. presence of voids within thematerial.
D. inadequate moisture control during
placement.
Methyl methacrylate resins will perform
better than composite resins for long span,
temporary bridges because of superior (DM)
A. hardness.
B. fracture toughness.
C. wear resistance.
D. dimensional stability.
Glass ionomer cements contain (DM)
A. zinc oxide and distilled water.
B. zinc oxide and polyacrylicacid.
C. fluoro aluminosilica powder
and orthophosphoric acid.
D. fluoro aluminosilica powder
and polyacrylicacid.
DMWhich of the following is a clinical
CONTRAINDICATION for an all-ceramic
maxillary anterior crown?
Excessive overjet and overbite.
Normal overjet and excessive overbite.
An endodontically treated tooth witha
cast post and core.
A low caries index.
DMA metal in the wrought condition differs
from the same metal in the cast condition in
that
1. the grains are deformed and elongated.
2. the yield strength and hardness are
increased.
3. the resistance to corrosion is decreased.
4. if heated sufficiently, recrystallization can
occur.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.
DMA zinc phosphate cement base
A. has the same radiopacity asamalgam.
B. is less radiopaque than amalgam.
C. has the same radiopacity as gold.
D. cannot be seen on a radiograph.
DMThe material of choice for obturating the
root canal system of a primary tooth is
A. silver cone.
 B. gutta percha. low modulus and low thermal diffusivity.
C. zinc-oxide eugenol.
D. paper point medicated withformocresol.
E. zinc oxyphosphate.

DM Which of the following dental materials

shows a chemical bond to clean dentin?

Calcium hydroxide.
Zinc-phosphate.
Zinc-oxide and eugenol.
Glass ionomer.

DM Flux is added to the casting metal

during melting to

minimize oxidation.
enhance melting.
increase stiffness.
decrease fluidity.

DM A common filler added to resin to

produce dental composites is

calcium salt.
quartz.
zinc oxide

DM All of the following are strategies for

increasing the fracture toughness of dental
ceramics EXCEPT

slow cooling after sintering.

tetragonal zirconia addition.
self-glazing.
crystalline phase dispersion.

DM All of the following display

visceolastic properties EXCEPT

irreversible hydrocolloids.
dental porcelain.
silver amalgam.
dentin.

DM A cement base under an amalgam

restoration should have

high modulus and high thermal diffusivity.

high modulus and low thermal diffusivity.
low modulus and high thermal diffusivity.
DM Decreasing the amount of network
modifiers in a dental porcelain will
decrease its fusion temperature.
increase its thermal expansion .
decrease its chemical reactivity.
increase its potential for devitrification upon
heating
DM The presence of flaws or cracks in a
material
influences the strength of metals more
than ceramics.
leads to the development of
stress concentrations.
impacts compressive strength more
than tensile strength.
decreases its elastic modulus.
DM A material undergoing plastic deformation
will typically fail in a sudden,
catastrophic manner.
is experiencing stress below
its proportional limit.
will recover its original dimensions
upon unloading.
is experiencing a breaking of bonds
within the structure.
DM All of the following are ways of
characterizing the resistance of a material to
permanent deformation EXCEPT
yield stress.
proportional limit.
elastic limit.
ultimate stress.
DM Increasing the crystalline content of a
dental ceramic will generally decrease its
fracture toughness.
opacity.
translucency.
proportional limit.
DM Polymerization reactions which create
water or alcohol by-products are called
addition reactions.
ring-opening.
cross-linking.
condensation reactions
DM
The bond between porcelain and metal in
a ceramometal (porcelain bonded to metal)
crown is
chemical.
mechanical.
equally chemical and mechanical.
neither chemical nor mechanical.
DM
When compared to dental amalgams made
from lathe cut particles, dental amalgams
made from spherical particles
require more mercury.
set more quickly.
are more difficult to adapt to the cavity
preparation.
require higher condensation forces. DM
The major advantage of glass ionomer cement
as a restorative material is that it is
highly translucent.
a fluoride releasing material. DM
highly esthetic.
unaffected by moisture during the setting
reaction.
If the lining cement is left on the gingival
cavosurface margin of a Class II amalgam
restoration,
A. cement dissolution will lead to
leakage.
B. the preparation will lack retention form.
C. the preparation will lack resistance form
to bulk fracture.
D. the preparation will lack appropriate
outline form. DM
When light cured composite resin
restorations are polymerized
a conversion rate of 80-95% is achieved.
oxygen improves polymerization of the
surface.
cross-linking increases the stiffness of the diffusivity.
material. expansion coefficient.
shrinkage decreases as conversion rate modulus. DM
increases. DM
In alginate impression materials, sodium
Wettability is NOT a desirable property for phosphate (Na3 PO 4) is the
which of the following?
reactor.
Dental impression materials. catalyst.
Acrylic resin for denture bases. retarder.
Uncured composite resins. disinfectant. DM
Hand instruments for placing resins. cross linking agent.
Trituration of amalgam. DM

Light-cured dental composites set when

Voids on a dental cast could be caused by the exposed to light. Light is the
high
initiator.
surface tension of a silicone impression reactor.
material. catalyst.
surface tension of an irreversible activator. DM
hydrocolloid. terminator.
wettability of the dental stone.
wettability of the impression material. DM

Hardening of Type IV cast gold dental alloys Zinc oxide eugenol cement is a/an
by heat treatment increases
phosphate cement.
ductility. phenolic cement.
yield strength. resin modified glass ionomer cement.
coring. polyalkenoic acid cement. DM
elastic modulus. adhesive resin cement.
malleability.DM

The size of pores or cracks in a material

The type of amalgam requiring the least volume
determines a material’ s fracture of mercury for its setting reaction is
toughness.
influences the strength of metals more than low copper.
ceramics. high copper.
decreases with cyclic or fatigue loading. admixed.
is not typically a function of a material’ s lathe cut. DM
processing DM. spherical.

Ceramics used in dentistry exhibit The desirable relationship between the

greater strength in tension than
compression.
a tendency for tensile fracture.
chemical instability.
high thermal coefficients of expansion. DM
Which thermal property is most important in
selecting a restorative material to protect the
pulp from excessive temperature changes?
coefficients of thermal expansion of an alloy (ε
metal ) and a ceramic (εceramic) used for a
metallo-ceramic restoration is
εmetal significantly higher than ε
ceramic.
εmetal significantly lower than ε ceramic.
εmetal equal to εceramic.
εmetal slightly higher than εceramic DM.
εmetal slightly lower than εceramic.

conductivity.
 C. calcium sulfate.
D. trisodium phosphate.

Hydrocolloid impressions are removed from

D.M
the mouth with a snap because they exhibit
The chemical that is used to retard the setting
syneresis. reaction in alginate impression materials is
imbibition.
viscoelasticity. A. calcium sulfate.
low elastic recovery. DM B. sodium sulfate.
low tear strength. C. calcium phosphate.
D. sodium phosphate.
D.M
When compared with admixed amalgams, Hardening of Type IV cast gold dental alloys
spherical amalgams by heat treatment increases

require less condensation pressure. A. ductility.

require shorter trituration time. B. yield strength.
are stronger (24 hour compressive C. coring.
strength). D. elastic modulus.
have better resistance to marginal E. malleability.
fracture.
tarnish more. DM

A silane coupling agent is used to

D.M
Strain hardening a metal will reduce its
control polymerization shrinkage in
composite resins. A. modulus of elasticity.
enhance the bond between a porcelain veneer
B. ductility.
and the resin cement.
C. proportional limit.
reduce the surface tension when investing a D. yield strength.
wax pattern.
facilitate the soldering of gold castings. DM

DMWhich of the following impression materials

will still result in an accurate cast when poured
two weeks after making the impression? DM
Polyether. When compared to zinc phosphate cement,
Polysulfide. glass ionomer cement has a/an
Addition silicone.
Condensation silicone. A. lower solubility in oral fluids.
The most important advantage of using B. ability to release fluoride.
reinforced zinc-oxide eugenol cement as C. higher compressive strength.
a temporary restoration is that it D. lower film thickness.
.
A. stimulates dentin repair. DM
B. occludes dentinal tubules. The most practical method to significantly
C. desensitizes the pulp. reduce the setting time of stone and plaster is
D. chelates to tooth structure.
to use

D.M A. warm mixing water.

When gypsum is mixed with water and sets B. a calcium sulfate dihydrate
to form a dental cast, the powder particles are nucleating agent.
replaced by crystals of C. a sodium sulfate nucleating agent.
D. a longer mixing time.
A. potassium sulfate.
B. potassium phosphate.
During the setting phase, a dental stone E. adhesive resin cement.
mixture will exhibit

A. expansion. DM
B. contraction. An advantage of glass ionomer cement is
C. loss in compressive strength.
D. gain in moisture content. A. low solubility.
B. wear resistance.
DM
C. adhesion to hard tooth tissues.
In alginate impression materials, sodium
D. low incidence of sensitivity.
phosphate (Na3 PO 4) is the DM
Which of the following impression materials
A. reactor.
is NOT recommended for making a final
B. catalyst.
impression for fabrication of dies for a
C. retarder.
porcelain fused to metal crown?
D. disinfectant.
E. cross linking agent. A. Addition silicone.
B. Condensation silicone.
C. Irreversible hydrocolloid.
DM D. Polyether.
To ensure a clinically acceptable setting time,
polyalkenoic cements contain DM
After setting, alginate impressions
A. salicylic acid.
A. absorb water.
B. phosphoric acid. B. remain dimensionally stable for 12 hours.
C. maleic acid.
C. have higher tear strength than
D. tartaric acid. polyvinylsiloxane impressions.
E. itaconic acid.
D. can be poured twice with little effect on
accuracy of the resulting cast.

The most toxic form of mercury is

A. organo mercurial compounds.

B. inorganic mercuric compounds.
C. inorganic mercurous compounds.
D. elemental mercury.

DM
Using more water when mixing dental stone
will result in a cast that exhibits

A. increased expansion and

decreased strength.
B. decreased expansion and
increased strength.
C. decreased expansion and
decreased strength.
D. increased expansion and
increased strength.

DM
Zinc oxide eugenol cement is a/an

A. phosphate cement.
B. phenolic cement.
C. resin modified glass ionomer cement.
D. polyalkenoic acid cement.
DM
Cold working a metal increases its
ductility.
hardness.
resistance to corrosion.
strength.
Which statement is true regarding amalgam?
A thin layer can be left to seal
the cavosurface margins.
It bonds on its own to tooth structure.
It wears at a rate similar to that of
tooth structure.
It is time-consuming to place compared
to composite resin.
A dry and crumbly mix of amalgam can be the
result of
under trituration.
over trituration.
high copper content.
lack of zinc content.
The volumetric polymerization shrinkage of a
hybrid composite resin is in the order of
0%.
0.1 –1.0%.
2 –8%.
10 –15%.
If an alginate impression must be stored for a
few minutes before the cast is poured, it
should be placed in
water.
100% relative humidity.
a 1% aqueous calcium sulfate solution.
Postoperative sensitivity associated with the
placement of direct posterior composite resin
restorations is most often the result of
polymerization shrinkage.
large particle size of macrofilled
composite resins.
inadequate etching of the dentin.
excessive thickness of a glass ionomer
base.
Most of the problems associated with direct
posterior composite resin restorations are
related to
high thermal conductivity.
galvanic conduction.
polymerization shrinkage.
poor shade selection.
In the formulation of composite resins
decreasing filler content increases
the modulus of elasticity.
increasing filler content
decreases polymerization
shrinkage.
increasing filler content increases
the degree of conversion.
decreasing filler content
increases radiopacity of the
restoration.
Which of the following statements is
correct with respect to zinc containing
amalgams?
High copper amalgam restorations
containing zinc demonstrate better
overall survival rates.
Amalgams containing zinc should be
used when contamination with moisture
is unavoidable during condensation.
Zinc is added during the manufacturing
operation to increase the solubility of tin
in silver.
Amalgams containing zinc produce
a significantly better seal than zinc-
free amalgams.
Conventional glass ionomer cements
elicit less pulp response than zinc-
oxide and eugenol cements.
 do not require a protective liner, such as Which porcelain stain colour is added to give
calcium hydroxide in a deep preparation. the appearance of translucency?
have a lower modulus of elasticity
than zinc phosphate cements. Grey.
bond mechanically to calcium in Blue.
enamel and dentin. Yellow.
are superior to zinc phosphate cement White.
Orange
for luting porcelain (all ceramic) crowns.
When using alginate impression material,
dm
which one of the following statements is
Increasing the amount of network modifiers
correct?
(e.g. CaO, Na2 O) in porcelain will
Store the impression in water at 37°C
increase its fusion temperature.
prior to pouring the cast.
decrease its thermal expansion.
Remove the impression slowly from the increase its chemical reactivity.
undercuts. decrease its potential for devitrification
Control the setting time by changing the upon heating
water/powder ratio.
Pour the cast immediately following
disinfection.
DM
Generally, glass ionomer cements contain

zinc oxide and distilled water. DMThe best method to control the
zinc oxide and polyacrylic acid. setting time of an irreversible
fluoroaluminosilicate powder and hydrocolloid without affecting its
orthophosphoric acid.
physical properties is to alter the
fluoroaluminosilicate powder and
polyacrylic acid. water temperature.
water:powder ratio.
mixing time.
composition.
DM
Which of the following modifications to the DMIn recording centric relation
standard procedure for mixing gypsum registration, perforation of the recording
products will increase the compressive strength material must be avoided because
of the set material?
the material will undergo
Adding a small amount of salt to the dimensional changes.
water before mixing. contact of teeth could deflect
Decreasing the water/powder ratio by a the mandible.
small amount.
the recording material will be too
Using warmer water.
Decreasing the mixing time weak and may fracture.

dm
Voids in a gypsum cast are most likely
the result of

low surface tension of a

silicone impression material.
high surface tension of an
irreversible hydrocolloid.
using a hydrophilized addition silicone.
spraying a surfactant on the impression.
dm
DMPolymerization shrinkage in a (1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
composite resin is reduced by (4) only
All of the above.
placing a glass ionomer liner on all
exposed dentin before placing
composite resin. DM
doubling the curing time of the Which of the following should be done prior
resin in preparations that are deep. to pin hole placement in an extensive
amalgam preparation?
using a flowable composite on the
gingival floor of Class II preparations. Examine the radiograph.
incremental placement of no more Determine the subgingival anatomic
than 2mm thicknesses of contours.
Remove caries and unsupported enamel.
composite resin.
Place a pilot hole at the dentino-enamel
junction.

DM (1) (2) (3)

In placing an amalgam, interproximal wedging (1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
will be most effective in controlling the (4) only
All of the above.
buccal contour.
gingival contour.
lingual contour.
marginal ridge contour. DM
After initial setting, glass ionomer cements
DM should have a coating agent applied in order to
High copper amalgam alloys are superior to
hasten the final set.
conventional alloys in that they have protect the cement from moisture.
lower creep. retard the final set.
less corrosion. protect the cement from ultraviolet light.
less marginal breakdown. create a smooth finish.
higher 1 hour compressive strength.
(1) (2) (3) DM
(1) and (3) The principal purpose of amalgam trituration
(2) and (4) is to
(4) only
All of the above
coat the alloy particles with mercury.
dissolve all the alloy particles in the
DM
mercury.
Upon setting, a mixture of plaster of Paris and
reduce the size of the crystals as rapidly as
water will exhibit they form.
reduce mercury content of the restoration.
loss in compressive strength.
expansion.
gain in moisture content. .
contraction.

DM
DM After initial setting, a chemically cured
Using pins to retain amalgam restorations glass ionomer cement restoration should
increases the risk of have a coating agent applied to
cracks in the teeth. hasten the final set.
pulp exposures. protect the cement from moisture.
thermal sensitivity. retard the final set.
periodontal ligament invasion. protect the cement from ultraviolet light.
create a smooth finish.
(1) (2) (3)
DM
Dental amalgam restorations

show decreased flow when the tin

mercury phase is increased.
contain nickel to increase the yield
strength.
show decreased corrosion and marginal
breakdown when the copper tin phase
is increased.
contain zinc to reduce galvanic corrosion.
DM
Varying the mercury content of an
amalgam results in which of the following?

The higher the mercury content the

greater the strength.
The higher the mercury content the less the
flow.
The lower the mercury content the greater the
flow.
The lower the mercury content the greater the
strength.

DM
The prime advantage of vacuum firing of
porcelain is

better colour.
less shrinkage.
more translucency.
increased strength.

DM
Glass ionomer cement restorations are
indicated for

root caries.
incisal edge fractures.
Class II lesions in adults.
locations where esthetics are important.
DM
A decrease in the particle size of the amalgam
alloy will affect the amalgam by

increasing flow.
decreasing expansion.
retarding setting rate.
increasing early strength.
 DM
The main reason for adding copper to a
dental amalgam alloy is to

increase expansion.
reduce tarnish resistance.
make amalgamation easier.
DM increase lustre.
The polishing of an amalgam restoration reduce the tin-mercury phase.

should not be performed before 24 hours after

insertion. DM
completely prevents tarnish from Dental amalgam
occurring.
removes the mercury rich surface layer of the is subject to solubility and disintegration in
amalgam. the oral fluids.
is more permanent if the surface is heated has a satisfactory resistance to
during the procedure. compressive stress.
adheres chemically to the walls of the
cavity.
DM
Which of the following would occur if a
zinc containing amalgam is contaminated DM
with saliva during condensing? Where cavity preparations are extensive,
polycarboxylate cement can be used as a
No change in compressive strength but base material because
lower tensile strength.
Increased expansion. its pH stimulates secondary dentin
Reduced flow or creep. formation.
Increased surface pitting. it interacts with setting amalgam to form a
weak chemical union.
(1) (2) (3) it is biocompatible with the pulp.
(1) and (3) it is compressible when set.
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above. DM
Which of the following are characteristics
DM of restorative glass ionomer cements?
Dental amalgams that are made from alloys
Release of fluoride.
containing 6% copper, compared to those
Bonding to enamel.
made from alloys containing 13% copper Setting not affected by a well controlled
moist environment.
are more resistant to tarnish and Irritating to pulpal tissues.
corrosion.
demonstrate less creep or flow. (1) (2) (3)
demonstrate less marginal breakdown in (1) and (3)
clinical service. (2) and (4)
generally have lower compressive (4) only
strength. All of the above.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.
DM
Effective tissue displacement with elastic
impression materials can be accomplished by

injection of the material into the gingival

sulcus.
placement of chemical-impregnated cords into
the gingival sulcus.
electrosurgical means.
a firm tray material.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
All of the above.

DM
Polysulfide impression materials

have a lower "tear strength" than

condensation silicone.
have a better dimensional stability than
addition cured silicones.
have a better detail reproduction than both
condensation and addition
polymerization silicones.
demonstrate, after polymerization, cross-
linking chains.
DM DM
The accuracy of the polysulfide and silicone Dental porcelain has
rubber impression materials low compressive strength.
high hardness.
is better than that of polyethers.
high tensile strength.
compares favorably with reversible low impact strength.
hydrocolloids.
is inversely proportional to temperature and (1) (2) (3)
humidity. (1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only
DM All of the above.
Dental polysulfide rubber impression materials
are polymerized with the following initiator: DM
lead peroxide. In comparison to gold alloys, base metal alloy
sodium peroxide. removable partial denture frameworks can be
carbon disulfide. made
hydrogen peroxide.
phosphorus pentoxide. more corrosion resistant.
lighter.
more ductile.
DM with greater casting accuracy.
After processing, complete dentures on the
original stone casts are rearticulated in order to
DM
correct occlusal disharmony produced by
The stiffness of a material can best be
flasking and processing procedures. described by the
inaccurate jaw relation records.
errors in registering of centric relation modulus of elasticity.
record. percentage elongation.
modulus of resilience.
elastic limit.
DM
If hydroquinone is added to the monomer to, it
will
DM
inhibit polymerization. Reversible hydrocolloids transform from sol
initiate polymerization. to gel and gel to sol as a function of the
activate polymerization.
None of the above.
concentration of the fillers and
plasticizers.
percent composition by weight of water.
concentration of potassium sulfate.
temperature.

DM
Which of the following are effects of cold
working a metal?

Increase in ductility.
Decrease in ductility.
Increase in hardness.
Increase in resistance to corrosion.

(1) and (2)

(1) and (4)
(2) and (3)
(3) and (4)
DM
In the preparation of gypsum products, an
increase in the water/powder ratio will
increase the surface hardness.
increase the compressive strength.
accelerate the setting reaction.
None of the above.
DM
Compared with zinc-phosphate cement,
polycarboxylate cement has
longer working time.
lower film thickness.
increased compressive strength.
superior biologic compatibility.
.
 DM
DM The major disadvantage of zinc phosphate
Wrought gold alloy clasps are superior to used to cement crowns is the
cast gold clasps of the same cross-sectional
area because they development of heat during setting.
pulp irritation.
are coarser grained. lack of edge strength.
exhibit greater flexibility low crushing strength.
are more accurately adapted to the tooth.
have a higher proportional limit.
DM
(1) (2) (3) The principal ingredient of a zinc
(1) and (3) phosphate cement powder is
(2) and (4)
(4) only
zinc phosphate.
All of the above.
silica.
magnesium oxide.
zinc-oxide.
calcium hydroxide.

DM
Which of the following prevents distortion of
a reversible hydrocolloid impression material?

Slow removal from undercuts.

Storage in 100% humidity for 30 minutes.
Storage in air.
Storage in 2% solution of potassium
sulfate for 60 minutes.

DM
The immersion of a hydrocolloid impression in
2% potassium sulphate for 2 to 5 minutes will

retard the set of the stone.

accelerate the set of the stone.
inhibit the formation of bubbles in the
stone.
minimize the distortion of the hydrocolloid
material during the storage time.
DM: The best means of extending the model should be poured
working time of an irreversible hydrocolloid
immediately.
impression material is to after 30 minutes.
extend spatulation time. after 24 hours
add additional water.
use cold water. DM: Which of the following
add a small amount of borax. materials/techniques is
add potassium sulfate. CONTRAINDICATED when using polyvinyl
siloxane impression materials?
DM: To ensure
Displacement cords.
maximum marginal strength for
Electrosurgery.
an amalgam restoration the Aluminum sulfate saturated cord.
cavosurface angle should Aluminum chloride impregnated cord.

approach 45 degrees. DM: The prime advantage of vacuum

approach 90 degrees. firing of porcelain is
be bevelled.
be chamfered. better colour.
less shrinkage.
DM: Which of the more translucency.
increased strength.
following modifications to the
standard procedure for mixing DM: The presence of tin in an amalgam alloy
gypsum products will increase the modifies the reaction and physical properties
compressive strength of the set of the amalgam in that it
material?
speeds the amalgamation rate.
enhances strength.
Adding a small enhances tarnish resistance.
amount of salt to the water reduces flow.
before mixing.
Decreasing the DM: The binder in casting investments
water/powder ratio by a small not only strengthens the investment, but
amount. also
Using warmer water.
Decreasing the mixing creates a reducing atmosphere in the
time mold.
tends to reduce both hygroscopic and
DM : Upon setting, a mixture of plaster of thermal expansions.
increases the thermal expansion of the
Paris and water will exhibit
mold.
loss in compressive strength. contributes to the overall expansion of the
expansion. mold.
gain in moisture content.
contraction. DM: Dental porcelain has

DM: Irreversible hydrocolloid materials low compressive strength.

are best removed from the mouth by high hardness.
high tensile strength.
a quick snap. low impact strength.
a slow teasing motion.
twisting and rocking. (1) (2) (3)
having the patient create a positive (1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
pressure.
(4) only
All of the above.
DM: If an impression were taken with a
polysulfide impression material of teeth
exhibiting severe external undercuts a stone

DM: A metal in the wrought condition differs
from the same metal in the cast condition in that
the grains are deformed and elongated.
the yield strength and hardness are
increased.
if heated sufficiently, recrystallization can
occur.
All of the above.
DM: Alginate hydrocolloids
shrink when stored in air.
show syneresis.
expand when stored in water.
All of the above.
DM: To ensure the greatest accuracy,
polysulfide base impressions should be
poured
within 10 minutes.
within 1 hour.
within 8 hours.
after 24 hours
DM: Impression trays should be
rigid.
flexible enough to permit easy insertion.
carefully polished on the interior.
held in place by the patient.
DM: During the setting phase, a dental stone
mixture will exhibit
expansion.
contraction.
loss in compressive strength.
gain in moisture content.
DM: The main purpose of flux in soldering is
to
dissolve surface oxides and prevent
further oxidation.
prevent recrystallization and grain
growth.
prevent oxidation and lower the melting
range of the solder.
dissolve surface oxides and lower the
melting range.
DM: In minimizing the firing shrinkage of
porcelain, the principal factor is the
fusion temperature.
ratio of flux to feldspar.
uniformity of particle size.
thoroughness of condensation.
DM: In comparing polysulfide, polyether and
addition cured silicone impression materials,
which of the following statements is true?
All three of the materials contract slightly
during curing.
All three of the materials expand slightly upon
cooling from mouth temperature (37°C) to
room temperature (20°C).
After one week, addition cured silicones will
undergo more distortion than
polysulfides.
Lead oxide is used as an activator in
silicones.
DM: Which of the following physical
properties would be_least_important for an
impression material for partially edentulous
patients?
Biocompatibility.
Dimensional stability.
Ease of manipulation.
Adhesion to calcium.
Elasticity.
Dental Materials.
1. DM-Which of the following dental
materials is the most radiolucent?
Porcelain.
Gutta-percha.
Acrylic.
Zinc oxide.
2. DM-Polyether impression materials should
be used with caution for full arch impressions
of dentate patients because they
exhibit viscoelasticity.
exhibit a high elastic modulus.
are thixotropic.
are hydrophilic.
are exothermic.
3. DM-Which is the most appropriate method to
minimize loss of dental amalgam and mercury
from dental offices into sewage systems?
Use of ISO approved amalgam separators.
Storage of amalgam capsules in sealed
containers. Van der Waals forces.
Use of mercury vapour scavengers. micromechanical retention.
Disposal of scrap amalgam in a landfill site. chemical bonding.
4. The residual mercury content of the amalgam
DM-The accuracy of alginate impression restoration is significantly affected by
materials will be improved if cavity outline.
amount of amalgam used.
the space between the tray and the teeth is 1- condensation technique.
2mm. carving technique.
the space between the tray and the teeth
allows 4-5mm of alginate. Generally, glass ionomer cements contain
the impression is removed slowly from the
undercuts around the teeth. zinc oxide and distilled water.
zinc oxide and polyacrylic acid.
the impression is immersed in disinfectant for
fluoroaluminosilicate powder and
one hour before pouring.
orthophosphoric acid.
fluoroaluminosilicate powder and
5. DM-In composite resin restorations,
polyacrylic acid.
polycarboxylate cements are used as a base
because they are

sedative to a hyperemic pulp. (DM) A3 shades of composite resins should be

neutral in colour. light-cured in increments limited to a maximum
biocompatible.
None of the above. of

0.50mm.
6. DM-Which of the following impression
1.00mm.
materials is the LEAST flexible when set? 1.50mm.
2.00mm.
Polyvinyl siloxane.
Condensing silicone.
Polyether. (DM) Marginal leakage of a
Polysulfide. composite resin restoration will
7. The advantage of a high copper amalgam is
not be detectable.
high early strength. be minimized by use of a bonding agent.
low post operative sinsitivity. decrease with longevity.
high formation of the J2 phase.
increased polishability.

Polyvinylsiloxane impression materials (DM) Nickel-chromium alloys designed for

have high porcelain bonded to metal crowns should be
used with caution because
polymerization shrinkage.
dimensional stability. nickel is an allergen.
by-product formation. the modulus of elasticity is low.
linear expansion. these alloys cannot be soldered.

Which of the following materials is most DM

likely to initiate a hypersensitivity reaction? Alginate impression material

Titanium. is a reversible hydrocolloid.

Gold. sets by condensation polymerization.
Nickel-chromium. is a rigid material.
Chrome-cobalt. is an irreversible material.
Silver amalgam. is a thermoplastic material.

Composite resins bond to tooth

DM
structure through Amalgam is condensed to
 remove any excess before the cement is set
further break down the alloy particles. DM
force the alloy particles together. Which impression material can be stored
complete the trituration process. for more than 24 hours before being
express excess mercury content.
poured and still produce accurate dies?
(1) (2) (3)
Polysulfide.
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4) Condensation reaction silicone.
(4) only Reversible hydrocolloid.
All of the above. Polyvinylsiloxane.
Irreversible hydrocolloid.

DM
The physical properties of alginate impression
materials will be adversely affected by
"tumbling" the alginate container prior to
filling the dispensing scoop.
adding powder to the water in the mixing bowl.
using room temperature water.
mixing beyond the recommended time
DM
Which of the following is/are essential when
using a spherical rather than an admix alloy for
a routine amalgam restoration?
DM
Which one of the following luting agents has
been shown to reduce the incidence of
fracture in an all-ceramic restoration?
Resin modified glass ionomer cement.
Zinc phosphate cement.
Composite resin cement.
Glass ionomer cement.
DM
The major advantage of glass ionomer
cement as a restorative material is that it is

A larger diameter condenser tip. highly translucent.

An anatomical wedge. a fluoride releasing material.
A thinner matrix band. highly esthetic.
A serrated condenser tip. unaffected by moisture during the setting
reaction.
(1) (2) (3)
(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only Which of the following impression
All of the above. materials has the best dimensional stability?

DM Polysulfide rubber.
Condensation silicone.
If a polyvinyl siloxane material is used to Polyvinylsiloxane.
make the final impression for a maxillary cast Irreversible hydrocolloid.
restoration, the impression tray must DM
Which of the following phases in the
be rigid.
setting reaction of dental amalgam is weak
have occlusal stops.
be coated with an appropriate adhesive. and corrosion-prone?
cover the hard palate.
α1.
(1) (2) (3) α2.
(1) and (3) J.
(2) and (4) J1 .
(4) only J2 .
All of the above.
DM
DM
When using a zinc phosphate cement to lute Which of the following procedures should be
a full crown, it is recommended to used to reduce the risk of exposure to mercury
mix the cement on a waxed paper pad. vapour?
leave the tooth moist but not wet.
Staff education.
apply continuous occlusal loading while the
Rubber dam.
cement sets. High velocity suction.
Surgical mask.

(1) (2) (3)

(1) and (3)
(2) and (4)
(4) only DM
All of the above. Which of the following has the greatest
effect on the mechanical properties of
DM composite resin?
Which of the following procedures must be
done to ensure acceptable mercury hygiene in Modulus of elasticity of the filler
a dental office? particles.
Use of high volume evacuation when Weight fraction of the filler
working with amalgam. particles.
Use of air spray when condensing,
polishing or removing amalgam.
Volume fraction of filler
Storage of amalgam scrap in a dry
container with a lid.
particles.

Hardness of filler particles.

Size of the filler particles.

DM
Metallic salts are included in root canal
sealers to make the sealers

stronger.

radiopaque.
set more rapidly.
tolerated by periapical tissues.
bond to dentin.
The accuracy of alginate
impression materials will be
improved if
the space between the tray and the teeth is 1-
2mm.
the space between the tray and the
teeth allows 4-5mm of alginate.
the impression is removed slowly
from the undercuts around the
teeth.
the impression is soaked in water
for 1 hour.
DM
The most appropriate treatment for a
permanent molar with occlusal caries
confined to the enamel of the central pit
is a/an
amalgam.
composite resin.
fluoride varnish application.
preventive resin restoration.
DM
Which of the following impression materials
has the best dimensional stability?
Polysulfide rubber.
Condensation silicone.
Polyvinylsiloxane.
Irreversible hydrocolloid.

DMWhich of the following cements can

chemically bond to enamel? 2. A thinner matrix band.
3. An anatomical wedge.
1. Zinc phosphate cement.
4. Use of mechanical condensation.
2. Polycarboxylate cement.
3. Ethoxy benzoic acid cement. A. (1) (2) (3)
4. Glass ionomer cement. B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
A. (1) (2) (3) D. (4) only
B. (1) and (3) E. All of the above.
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.
DMWhich of the following affect(s)
polymerization of visible light cured
composite resins?
DMAcid etching of dentin with 10-15%
phosphoric acid for 15-20 seconds 1. Intensity of the light source.
2. Thickness of composite resin.
3. Proximity of light source.
1. removes the smear layer. 4. Shade of composite resin.
2. increases dentinal permeability.
3. opens the dentinal tubules. A. (1) (2) (3)
4. decalcifies the intertubular and peritubular B. (1) and (3)
dentin. C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
A. (1) (2) (3) E. All of the above.
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

DMZinc phosphate cement, when used as a

luting agent for cast restorations, has which
of the following properties?

1. Insolubility.
2. Anticariogenicity.
3. Chemical adhesion.
4. Mechanical retention.

A. (1) (2) (3)

B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

DMIn order to achieve a proper

interproximal contact when using a spherical
alloy, which of the following is/are essential?

1. A larger sized condenser.