Design Rectifier At rectenna for Wireless Power
Transfer In The frequency of 2.45 GHz
Yana Taryana
Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication
Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Kampus LIPI Gd.20 Jl. Sangkuriang Bandung 40135
West Java Indonesia
yanvirs@gmail.com
Abstract— The Wireless Power Transfer System is a system
used to harness the free electromagnetic energy in the air
by processing energy sources to charge on low-power
electronic devices. One source of energy that is easily
obtained because of its availability is quite abundant
access point (Wi-Fi). Rectenna is a device that can be used
to convert electromagnetic waves in the air into direct
electric currents. In this study aimed to design, construct,
and measure the parameters of rectifier circuits in
rectenna capable of working at a frequency range of 2.45
GHz. After designed from the simulation results using ADS
software 2011didapatkan working frequency of 2.449 GHz,
output voultage 2.027 Volt, Return S11 (Return Loss)
-34.87, and VSWR 1.037. On the result of measurement at
signal generator at frequency 2,45 GHz obtained output
voltage with input -5 dBm equal to 54,8 mV, S11 (Return
Loss) equal to -10,416 dB, and VSWR equal to 1,862. The
second measurement result using Wi-Fi access point at 5
cm distance obtained output voltage of 2.066 Volt, while at
a distance of 20 cm obtained output voltage of 0.092 mV.
Keywords : Rectifier, Rectenna, Transfer Daya Wireless, stage,
Output Voltage, Advance Design System (ADS) 2011, Signal
Generator, dan Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), access point
Wi-Fi.
I. INTRODUCTION
One of the main tools in the Wireless Power Transfer
System is the rectenna. Rectenna is a device that can be used
to convert electromagnetic waves in the air into direct electric
currents. Rectenna generally consists of an antenna and a
rectifier circuit (rectifier). Antenna is used to capture the
electromagnetic waves emitted by the RF source. The power
received by the antenna on the rectenna will be continued to
the rectifier circuit, to be converted into direct current (DC).
The captured power of an antenna in the form of an
electromagnetic wave signal will be rectified to DC voltage by
a rectifier circuit by first matching the matching impedance
value in the antenna, then the DC voltage obtained will be
Endah Hijriani
Education Of Electronics Engineering
Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta
13220
Jakarta Indonesia
endahhijriani@gmail.com
increased again until it reaches a constant voltage value using
a modified rectifier circuit as a voltage tapper. The amplified
DC power output is expected to be utilized to meet the low
power energy demands
II. BASIC TEORY
A. Wireless Power Transfer
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a system that has a
process in which electrical energy can be transmitted from a
power source to an electrical load without going through a
cable (S. Douyere Riviere, 2010). This wireless power
transmission is useful if we need an electrical energy, but there
are no wires around where we are. WPT can be transmitted
through several media, ie radio waves, lasers, induction and
ultrasonic waves. In radio waves, power is transmitted from a
source and received by the receiving device for conversion to
electric power. Power transferred from RF to DC can be used
as a power source for a low-power electronic device. One
method often used to harvest the energy of electromagnetic
waves is to use rectenna which is a combination of rectifier
and antenna.
B. Rectenna
Rectenna is a combination of the words "rectifier" and
"antenna". Rectenna is an antenna that is integrated with a
rectifier circuit, or it can also be said as a device that has the
ability to convert RF waves into DC voltages (Dan Stefan,
2013). Rectenna was first discovered by W.C. Brown in 1960.
The currently developed rectenna allows us to obtain a source
of electricity from the surrounding electronic waves, because
the rectenna consists of passive components and diodes that
can receive and repair microwave power into DC voltage. The
source of electricity generated can be used to run electronic
devices that have low power (Dyah Retno, 2014).
C. Rectifier
Rectifier or in Indonesian is called a wave rectifier is a
part of a power supply circuit or power supply that serves as a
signal converter AC (Alternating Current) into DC signal
(Direct Current). This rectifier or wave rectifier circuit
generally uses a diode as its main component. This is because
the diode has a characteristic that simply passes an electric
current into one direction and inhibits the electric current from
the opposite direction. If a diode is fed back and forth (AC),
then the diode will only miss half a wave, while the other half
wave is blocked.

D. Voltage doubler
Voltage doubler is an electronic circuit that charges
the capacitor from the input voltage and from this charging
process ideally, the resulting voltage is twice that of the input
voltage. The simplest of these circuits is the shape of the
rectifier that takes the AC voltage as an input and produces Figure 2 Single stub matching impedance a. seri b. paralel
twice the DC voltage.
Voltage doubler is one of the various types of voltage Below is a summary of possible analytical solutions for
multiplier. Most of the voltage doubler circuit can be seen as parallel or series stubs:
single stage of the multiplier. Voltage doubler using Dickson  d  12 [  cos 1 ( L )],  l s  tan 1 ( 12 tan(2  d   ))
multiplier principle. Dickson multiplier is a circuit consisting for parallel stub / closed end
of a diode and capacitor dikaskade where the capacitor is
controlled by a pulse. Here is a voltage doubler circuit scheme  d  12 [  cos 1 ( L )], l s  cot 1 ( 12 tan(2  d   ))
with one stage. for parallel stub / open end
d  12 [  cos 1 ( L )], l s  cot 1 ( 12 tan(2d   ))
for stub series / closed ends

This budget link is calculated based on the distance

between transmitter (Tx) and Receiver (Rx) Stages in
calculating Link Budget are as follows:

1. Determining Free Space Loss (FSL)

Figure 1 Schematic of circuit Voltage Doubler 1 Stage The FSL value can be calculated using the formula:

FSL (dB) = 32.44 + 20 Log d + 20 Log f

E. Single Stub
Single stub is one of the most popular to applied because 2. Determining the Value of RSL (Received Signal Level)
the design is not as difficult as other stub. Stub is installed at
distance d from load, with stub length ls. The position and The RSL value can be calculated using the formula:
length of the stub can be adjusted to fit the load characteristic
impedance. RSL (dBw) = Ptx - Lst + Gtx - FSL + Grx - Lsr
For design purposes, if known characteristic impedance Z 0 and
dielectric constant r, strip width can be searched from
[pozar].
III. CIRCUIT DESIGN
Figure 3. Final circuit design rectifier 3 stages with matching
impedance single stub

Table 1. component value rectifier circuit on rectenna

Figure 5. The rectifier prototype

Component Specification
Dioda schottky HSMS 2862 3
Capasitor 33 Pf 6 Table 3. Measurement Rectifier With Signal Generator
Wi-Fi antenna TL-WN722N 1
En-Genius Input RF Output
Wi-Fi Router 1
ENS202E (dBm) voltage Current (A) Power (watt)
(V)
10 1.59 V 0.4μA 0.636 μwatt
Table 2. Value of width, range Stub to resistance (ds), and
lenght Stub (ls), 9 1.355 0.2 μA 0.271 μwatt
V
Parameter Value (mm) 8 1.351 V 0.1 μA 0.1351 μwatt
ds 8,66 7 0.945 V
ls 17,38 6 0.76 V
5 0.6 V
After Rectenna Rectifier circuits are designed in ADS 2011 4 0.48 V
software and all customized value of the commodity
components and microstrip channel size are specified, the next 3 377.2 mV
step is to create a Rectifier layout on Rectenna using Altium 2 299.6 mV
Designer Summer software which will further fabrication
process . 1 239.3 mV
0 193.5 mV
Current
Power
-1 152.5 mV
-5 54.8 mV Unreadable
-10 16.5 mV measuring μwatt
instrument
-15 5.7 mV
-20 2.3 mV
-25 1.2 mV
Figure 4. The layout of PCB -26 1.2 mV
After the simulation is done to get the parameter results in -28 1.1 mV
accordance with the expected specifications, then the
fabrication of rectifiers on rectenna with 3 stages -30 0.9 mV
configuration can be realized. Figure 4.3 is a fabrication of -32 0.9 mV
rectifiers and solders that have been realized in accordance -35 0.7 mV
with the design:
IV. MEASUREMENT RESULT

A. Measurement VSWR
In result of measurement of VSWR at frequency 2,45 got
equal to 1,862. While the best VSWR measurement results
occur at a frequency of 2.550 GHz with a value of VSWR
1.833.
V. ANALYSIS
Based on the results of research that has been designed a
Rectifier on Rectenna at 2.45 GHz in measurements using
Signal Generator, Vector Network Analyzer and digital
multimeter there is a difference between the simulation and
measurement results. This is due to the value of passive
components that have a tolerance value (not ideal for
simulation), the value of unusual active component datasheet
and ESD (Electro Static Discharge), the erosion of microstrip
path too deep during fabrication, high internal noise influence
and there is a loss in the cable connection between the signal
generator and the rectifier circuit, as well as the cable
connection on the VNA port to the rectifier circuit.
To get simulation results and measurements close to the same
must be considered the design process, accuracy in the
fabrication process, soldering and component quality in the
rectifier circuit.

Figure 6. The VSWR Graphic of Simulation and Measurement VI. CONCLUSION

Results
B. Measurement S11 (Return Loss)
In result of measurement of S11 (Return Loss) in
frequency 2,45 got equal to -10,416 dB. While the best
measurement results S11 (Return Loss) occurs at a frequency
of 2.550 GHz with a value of VSWR -10.586 dB.
rectifier at rectenna for wireless power transfer in
the frequency of 2.45 GHz obtained S11 (Return Loss)
-10.416 dB, and VSWR 1.862. The result of measurement of
output voltage using Signal Generator with RF input equal to
-5 dBm, got the result of voltage equal to 54,8 mV. There is a
voltage drop of approximately 1.9722 Volt from the
simulation. The output voltage measurement results obtained
from the access point with the closest distance of 5 cm,
obtained the result of the voltage of 2.066 Volt with the current
20. while the furthest distance 20 cm obtained voltage of
0.092 mV with a current of 0.1 μA.

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