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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of The Problem

Republic of Singapore is an island country and city-state at the southern end

of the Malay Peninsula in Asia. Singapore is north of the equator. Its closest
neighbours are Malaysia and Indonesia. About 5.40 million people live in
Singapore, of which 3.31 million are citizens, and most of them (76%)
are Chinese. In Tamil, an old Indian language, "Singapura", from which
Singapore got its name, means "Lion City" commonly ruled by Sultans.

Singapore is also commonly known as a "Garden City" or a "City in a Garden"

because there are plants everywhere, making it look like a garden.

The national language of Singapore is Malay and the other

official languages of Singapore are English, Mandarin and Tamil. English is the
language of choice because it is the language that almost everyone in Singapore
knows. It is the first language taught in schools and the language used by
the government. Students are also taught their first language. This means that the
Chinese will learn Mandarin and the Malays will learn Malay, and so on. Students
can also choose to learn a third language in secondary school.

1.2 Formulationof The Problem

What are we can find in Singapore country ?

1.3 Purpose of The Problem

What are we can find in Singapore country ?

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 II Cross Culture Understanding of Singapore

2.1 Statistical Spesification

2.1.1 Astronomical

Singapore is located in1°17′N 103°50′E

2.1.2 Geographical

Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau

Ujong.There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor–
Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong
Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosaare the largest of Singapore's
smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hillat 163.63 m (537 ft).

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 Ongoing land reclamation projects have increased Singapore's land area
from 581.5 km2 (224.5 sq mi) in the 1960s to 719.1 km2 (277.6 sq mi) in 2015,
an increase of some 23% (130 km2). The country is projected to grow by
another 100 km2 (40 sq mi) by 2030. Some projects involve merging smaller
islands through land reclamation to form larger, more functional islands, as has
been done with Jurong Island.

2.1.3 Singapore’s Capital City

Capital city of Singapore is Singapore.

2.1.4 Season

Singapore ishotand wetall year round. It has atropical rainforest

climate (Af in theKöppen climate classification), which means there are
nospring, summer,autumnand winter in Singapore. There is the most rain at the
end of the year, and the temperature is usually around 20 °C to 35 °C.

Although Singapore does not experience the four seasons, the period from
May to June is usually warmer, while the period from November to January is
cooler because of the more frequent rains and monsoonal winds in Singapore
during the year-end.

2.1.5 Singapore’s Population

Popultaion of Singapore in 2017 is 5.607,300 peop le.

2.1.6 Ethnic

74, 3% Chinese

13,3% Malay

9,1% Indian

3,3% Others

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 2.1.7 Religion

Buddhism 31,2%

Christianity 18,8%

Atheis 18,5%

Islam 14,0%

Taoism 10%

Hinduism 5,0%

Other 0,6%

2.1.8 Singapore’s Goverment System

Singapore is a parliamentary democracy

2.1.9 Singapore’sCurrency

Currency of Singapore is Dollar Singapura (S$).

2.1.10 Singapore’s Flag

Singapore’s Flag

The flag of Singapore is similar to the Indonesian flag, only in the red part
there is a crescent moon and 5 stars are arranged round. Each characteristic of the

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flag has its own meaning.Here are the symbols reflected in the Singapore flag:
The red color means the brotherhood and equality of all humans. White
symbolizes purity and goodness. The crescent moon symbolizes a young country
that is progressing. The five stars represent five principles held by Singapore:
democracy, security, progress, justice and equity. In the mid-20th century, the
moon and stars symbols were recognized as Islamic symbols, and the Singapore
flag was seen in the context of the moon and its stars by national Muslim
activists.

2.1.11 Singapore’s Independence Day

Independence day of Singapore is on August 9th 1965.

2.2 Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

 Whenever you meet an older person or a woman, you should first greet

with a polite gesture.

 When you enter, leave a place or pass someone, then you have to bow

moderately, with the expression "ask permission".

 Always use the right hand in many activities such as eating, shaking

hands or asking permission when passing / passing with others.

2.3 Tradition
1. Singlish

Singlish is the most unique thing that is famous from Singapore.

Singlish or Singapore-English is the way Singaporeans use English with a
mixture of Hokkien and Malaysian languages. Singlish grammar, although
in English, does not match the original English grammar. Besides adding
suffixes like "lah", "leh", "lor" and other endings in the sentence there are
also some Hokkien terms that are still used to replace some words like
"tapau" which means "food wrapped / taken home".

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2. Antre, lining up, lining up for everything

Culture queues are good, and practiced almost all the countries of
the world. However, Singaporeans are very fond of lining up. They usually
assume that a store or restaurant that has a long queue is something that is
worth waiting for. They are able to queue for a few hours just for what
they want. The habit of queuing has become a common thing and is often
a joke in Singapore. Restaurants or food are things that most often have
very long lines.

3. Mark the place with tissue

If you are visiting a restaurant and find a table with tissue on it,
you should not sit there. Because, someone intentionally left a tissue and
intended to mark the place as his seat. Indeed this habit is rather unique,
but it is common in Singapore.

4. Hawker, an economical snack solution in Singapore

Hawker or some kind of foodcourt is a common place in Singapore.

Hawker is a place where food vendors are on par with peddling food. It is
usually in the form of an open building with a roof and there are many
seats in the middle.

If you visit Singapore and are lazy to eat at expensive restaurants,

Hawker is a very good alternative to "sloping" food. One portion of food is
only valued at around SGD 4-6 or around Rp. 40,000 to Rp. 60,000. This
price is cheaper than if you eat in a restaurant where you have to spend at
least SGD 10 or around Rp 100,000 per serving.

5. Integrated public transportation

Singapore has a good and integrated transportation system. Mass
Rapid Transit (MRT) and bus stops are always connected. Both for transit
and payment lines, namely using EZ Link cards.Apart from being

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 integrated, transportation in Singapore is also comfortable and clean,
including on time, especially for the MRT. Similarly, the bus. Prospective
passengers will always get the latest information about the estimated time
the bus will arrive on the bulletin board.

2.8 Language
 English
 Malay
 Mandarin
 Tamil

2.9 Culture of Singapore

Food is a very important aspect in Singapore life. The residents of

Singapore and the visitors to the area are able to enjoy some wonderful meals.
The food is influenced by other cuisines from around the world. Singapore is able
to take this global food and make it its own. While the food is influenced by many
countries, the way that the food is consumed is based on the traditions of
Singapore. largely based on the back ground of the people. in US german and
Italians still have their own unique way of eating and manners around the table yet
there is lots of common ground.

Eating food is only part of the enjoyment of the dining experience. Sharing
the food with others and enjoying the location where the food is eaten also play a
role in the whole dining experience. It is important for people to understand the
customs and traditions that surround the dining experience in Singapore. There are
things that people need to understand before they sit down and start to eat. The
table manners and etiquette of eating in Singapore requires learning a few things.
There are several basics that everyone should know before they travel to
Singapore so they do not insult anyone or make mistakes that will embarrass
themselves.

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  Utensils
Singapore meals are influenced by the Western Culture. Many visitors
may expect to see chopsticks in use when they sit down to a meal. While it is a
good idea to learn how to use chopsticks before you travel to Singapore, it is not
always necessary. Forks and spoons are commonly used in the area and there is no
shame with using these utensils.hawker centers it can be hard to find a fork Of
course, if you decide to use chopsticks, make sure you learn the right way to use
them.

The use of the utensils is something else that should be considered. If an

individual is dining with Malay or Indian guests, the fork is used to separate the
food, but the spoon is used to put the food in the mouth.

The food in Singapore is most commonly served family style. This means
that a diner will use a serving spoon to transfer the food to their plate. The serving
spoon should not touch the personal plate or another person’s plate when serving
the food.

If you are eating soup, you can combine chopsticks with the use of a soup
spoon. The chopsticks are used to put the rice on the spoon. When eating the soup,
do not slurp it. That is not considered polite.

 Other guests at the table

There are several rules about the table manners in respect to the other
guests at the table. Many of them have to do with how to deal with elders at the
guest.

 Elders are respected in Singapore. It is proper etiquette to let them start to

eat first. Do not start to eat until the elders at the table pick up their
chopsticks or utensils and begin to eat.
 Lazy Susan’s are often used at the Singapore table. The food on the Lazy
Susan is turned so that every guest can reach it. The Lazy Susan should be
turned to the elders first and it should only be turned in one direction. That
direction is clockwise.

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 In addition to showing the respect for the elders at the table, there are a few
other things that visitors to Singapore should be aware of. It is not polite to cross
over another person at the table to get food from the center of the table. It is better
to turn the Lazy Susan or ask that the food be passed to you. If there is a Muslim
at the table, do not pass food with your left hand. It is also impolite to eat anything
with your left hand in this case. Shells and bones that are left after eating should
always be placed on the plate and not directly on the table. If you are eating fish,
do not flip the fish over. That is bad luck in the Chinese culture.

 Other tips
One of the hardest thing that travelers have to deal with is when to tip and
when not to tip. In Singapore, tipping is not needed. There is often a 10% service
charge that is already added to the bill to take the place of tipping. In addition,
when invited to a restaurant to eat, it is polite to allow the host to order the food.

There may seem like a lot of rules and traditions to follow, but it is important to
realize that Singapore is a popular tourist destination. Not everyone adheres to the
rules of etiquette as strictly as others. It is always a good idea to follow the lead of
the host to decide how strict you need to be.

2.10 Festival

With the Chinese population as the majority, Singapore will dress bright red
on Chinese New Year. Chinatown is the center of Chinese New Year celebrations,
and is full of people who buy food and decorations. You will also see the streets
of lit Chinatown, lion dancers and various festival treats such as pineapple tarts
and bak kwa (sweet roast pork). Chinese New Year is usually followed by
Chingay Parade, a carnival on a driveway-decorated street, artists, dancers and
musicians. Chinese New Year usually falls around February, but if you are in
Singapore around September or October, you can still head to Chinatown for the
Mid-Autumn Festival, a harvest festival celebrated with delicious moon cakes and
lantern parades.

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a) Ketupat Rice Dumpling

The Muslim population in Singapore is filled with various

activities during the Fasting Day, also known as Eid al-Fitr in Arabic.
This festival marks the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting for
Muslims. Date shifts based on the Islamic calendar, but around July for
several years. This iftar festival is celebrated with abundant joy, gathering
with family and - in real Singapore fashion - the most delicious food. Step
into the center of Hari Raya Puasa in Kampong Glam and Geylang Serai
Bazaar and you will be fascinated by colorful clothes, beautiful and
delicious cakes such as ketupat (rice cakes) and dates - and various local
and Middle Eastern cakes. During the month of Ramadan, enter the
Sultan Mosque to experience a deep and significant iftar ritual.

b) Colorful Lamps With Flowers at Diwali

The most important of the Hindu festivals in Singapore is Deepavali,

also known as Diwali. The festival of lights is celebrated around October
or November, with special prayers at Hindu temples throughout
Singapore, lighting from oil lamps and pleasant celebrations. In Little
India, the Deepavali spirit has been seen about a month before the feast
itself; You will see sparkling clothes and snacks like murukku (crunchy,
savory snacks) and light semolina buttercakes. Singapore visitors at the
beginning of the year around January or February can also head to Little
India for Thaipusam. Although the festival is celebrated by Tamils in
India and throughout the world, you will see it in the most dramatic form
only in Singapore and Malaysia: with some people carrying large
semicircular canopies decorated with flowers and peacock feathers along
the procession route, many pierced their skin - carrying a spear that
pierced their cheeks and tongue.

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 REFRENCES

http://www.touropia.com/tourist-attractions-in-singapore

https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore

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