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Valdivia, Chile
January 2010
CFBT-US
Not just what and how, but why!
For what is experienced judgment except
opinion based on knowledge acquired by
experience? If you have fought fires in
every type of building with every different
configuration and fuel load, under all types
of conditions, and if you have remembered
exactly what happened in each of these
combinations your experienced judgment is
probably very good.
Paraphrased from
Fundamentals of Fire Behavior
Gisborne, 1948
Learning Outcomes
Transient Events
Rapid transition and
sustained increase in HRR
Overpressure
Vent-Induced Flash
Flashover
Flashover Fire
Minimal
HRR Sufficient to Result in Overpressure
Full Surface Involvement
Knowledge and Skill
D
B
Time
Flashover
D
B
A
E
Time
Flashover
D
B
A
E
Time
Activity Vent Induced Flashover
Another view…
Adequate
Air
Fuel-
Controlled Increased
Fire HRR
Adequate
Fuel
Flashover Additional
Fuel
Adequate
Air
Fuel-
Controlled Increased
Fire HRR
Adequate
Fuel
Flashover Additional
Fuel
Adequate
Vent- Fuel
Controlled
Increased
Fire
HRR
Limited Increased
Air Ventilation
Low
Oxygen
Concentration
Backdraft
C F
D
B
A
E
Time
Activity Backdraft
Backdraft Increased
Ventilation
Limited
Vent- Air Low
Controlled Oxygen
Fire Concentration
High
Excess
Fuel Gas
Fuel
Concentration
HRR
Flashover or
Backdraft?
Ventilation Increased
Time
Sequential Effects
Low
Temperature
Piloted Ignition
Adequate Ignition
Smoke Air Source
Increasing
Fuel- HRR
Step Controlled
Fire Adequate
Event Fuel
Additional
Temporary Sustained Flashover Fuel
Increase Increase
Remote
Location
Transient Ventilation-
Event Controlled
Post-Fire
Low Temp Fire
Control
Smoke Adequate
Explosion Increased Fuel
Initiating Ventilation
Adequate
Fuel Event
Backdraft Increasing
Within Adequate HRR
Flammable Air High Temp
Initiating
Range Ventilation- Event?
Controlled Changed
Excess Conditions
Ignition Inadequate Fuel HRR
Source Air Ventilation
Above
Thermal
UEL/UFL
Initiating Runaway
Event?
Increased
Ventilation
Initiating
Event?
Phenomena that result in rapid
Extreme Fire Behavior fire progression and present a
significant threat to firefighters
Transient Events
Rapid transition and
sustained increase in HRR
Overpressure
Vent-Induced Flash
Flashover
Flashover Fire
Minimal
HRR Sufficient to Result in Overpressure
Full Surface Involvement
ed.hartin@cfbt-us.com
1 (503) 793-1296
http://www.cfbt-us.com