Skill 1 PAGE 2

Avoiding Sentence Fragments, Run-Ons, and Comma Splices

The Environment and You

B. Over to You
1
1RO; 2CS; 3SF

2
1 run‐on sentence
2 correct sentence
3 sentence fragment
4 sentence fragment
5 comma splice
6 sentence fragment
7 correct sentence
8 sentence fragment
9 run‐on sentence
10 correct sentence

Check!
1 sentence fragment, verb, independent
2 independent, run‐on sentence
3 comma splice

C. Practice
1
1b; 2a; 3b; 4a; 5a; 6b

2
1C; 2C; 3C; 4I; 5C; 6C; 7I

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2a; 3a; 4b; 5c; 6b; 7c; 8b; 9a; 10c

Skill 2 PAGE 6
Connectors 1: Connectors for Cause and Effect Writing
Consumer Behavior

B. Over to You
1
Students should underline: so that, As a result, Consequently

2
1 show a result
2 show a result
3 show a reason
4 show a result
5 show a reason
6 show a reason
7 show a result
8 show a reason

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Check!
1 reason (cause)
2 result (effect)

C. Practice
1
1 because of
2 because
3 For this reason
4 One reason for this
5 due to the fact
6 Therefore
7 because
8 since

2
1 Consequently, they often bother their parents until their parents buy the products.
2 Another reason these advertisements may be harmful is that children want the
unhealthy foods they see on TV.
3 As a result, they may develop an addiction to unhealthy foods.
4 Therefore, parents and children should discuss the advertisements they see on
television.

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3b; 4c; 5a; 6c; 7b; 8b; 9c; 10c

Skill 3 PAGE 10
Simple Strategies for Making Writing More Academic
Social Responsibility

B. Over to You
1
1I; 2I; 3A

2
1 more academic
2 more informal
3 more informal
4 more academic
5 more informal
6 more academic
7 more informal
8 more academic
9 more informal
10 more informal

Check!
1 abbreviations
2 nouns
3 informal

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C. Practice
1
1 remarkable
2 funds
3 politicians
4 equipment
5 an unsatisfactory
6 reached an agreement
7 excited
8 got upset

2
1✓; 2C; 3✓; 4A; 5IE; 6IE; 7IE; 8✓; 9PP; 10C

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2c; 3a; 4c; 5a; 6b; 7b; 8b; 9b; 10a

Skill 4 PAGE 14
Paraphrasing to Avoid Plagiarism
Alternative Energy Sources
B. Over to You
1
1 move, additional
2 from one building to another

2
1 cheap
2 will continue to be available
3 energy
4 very good
5 substitute
6 fuels like gas and oil
7 won’t produce pollution
8 negatively impact
9 Earth

Check!
1 synonyms
2 order
3 information, information

C. Practice
1
1A; 2U; 3A; 4U; 5A; 6U

2
1a; 2a; 3a; 4b; 5a

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3b; 4c; 5a; 6c; 7b; 8a; 9c; 10a

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Skill 5 PAGE 18
Topic, Supporting, and Concluding Sentences
Family Size and Personality
B. Over to You
1
1a; 2b

2
1b; 2c; 3a; 4e; 5d

Check!
1 topic
2 supporting
3 concluding

C. Practice
1
1b; 2a; 3c

2
1c; 2a; 3b

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2c; 3b; 4c; 5a; 6b; 7b; 8b; 9c; 10a

Skill 6 PAGE 22
Parallel Structure
Communication Styles
B. Over to You
1
1 Some women do not want to be thought of as too assertive or aggressive.
2 Men tended to compliment women more than women complimented men.
3 Women give each other compliments to build relationships with friends, with co‐
workers, and with bosses.

2
1Y; 2Y; 3N; 4Y; 5N; 6N; 7Y; 8N; 9N; 10N

Check!
1 similar
2 comparison

C. Practice
1
four – Sentences: 2, 4, 5, 8

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2
1 when they have arguments
2 solve
3 feelings
4 that they never admit mistakes
5 talk about their feelings
6 to get what they want
7 aggressive
8 indirect
9 psychologists
10 gender differences

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2c; 3b; 4a; 5a; 6b; 7c; 8b; 9c; 10b
 

Skill 7 PAGE 26
Appropriate Sources
Family Values in Different Cultures

B. Over to You
1
Sources 2 and 3 are appropriate.
Source 1 is inappropriate because although it is written by an expert, it is on family
values over 100 years ago.
Source 4 is inappropriate because it is a blog which contains unsupported opinion only.

2
1 not appropriate
2 not appropriate
3 appropriate
4 appropriate
5 not appropriate
6 appropriate
7 not appropriate
8 not appropriate

Check!
1 accurate, stronger
2 opinions, experts

C. Practice
1
1a, e; 2c, d

2
Source 1 (Maria Brooks): Inappropriate – Reasons: b, c
Source 2 (David Consuelo): Inappropriate – Reasons: a, b, c
Source 3 (Michael Carter): Inappropriate – Reasons: b, c, d
Source 4 (Dr. Garcia): Appropriate – Reason: f
Source 5 (Dr. Larson): Appropriate – Reasons: e, f, g

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2b; 3b; 4a; 5b; 6c; 7b; 8a

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Skill 8 PAGE 30
Connectors 2: Connectors for Compare and Contrast Writing
Business Practices

B. Over to You
1
Students should underline: One difference, instead of, Another difference, but, However
1 instead of, but
2 One difference, Another difference
3 However

2
1 S – Similarly
2 D – whereas
3 S – Both … and
4 D – instead of
5 S – like
6 D – however
7 S – also

Check!
1 similarity
2 difference

C. Practice
1
1 and
2 also
3 On the other hand
4 Both
5 However
6 Although
7 similar to

2
1 One difference
2 whereas
3 Another difference
4 However

3
1 One similarity
2 Both
3 Another similarity
4 Likewise

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2c; 3c; 4a; 5c; 6a; 7b; 8a; 9b; 10c

Skill 9 PAGE 34
Sentence Variety
The American Dream
B. Over to You
1
a, b

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2
1NO; 2DW; 3NST; 4NO; 5NST; 6DW

Check!
1 change
2 different
3 variety

C. Practice
1
1B; 2A; 3B; 4A; 5A

2
1b; 2e; 3a; 4f; 5d; 6c

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3c; 4a; 5a; 6b; 7c; 8a

Skill 10 PAGE 38
Punctuation for Quotations
Immigrant Life
B. Over to You
1
a, c

2
1C; 2I; 3I; 4I; 5I; 6C

Check!
1 double
2 single
3 commas

C. Practice
1
1 According to AK magazine, “Many people flocked to Alaska during the Klondike Gold
Rush of 1897.”
2 “One hundred thousand people set off for Alaska,” Dr. Ben Montgomery said, “but only
30,000 made it there.”
3 Dr. Laura Byrd states, “People in Seattle made large sums of money selling supplies to
people heading to Alaska.”
4 “Some people traveled to Alaska by boat,” reports AK magazine, “and others traveled
on land through Canada.”
5 Marty Wendall claims, “My great‐grandfather was a miner in Alaska, and he always
said ‘It’s rough work.’”
6 “Fairbanks became an important city during the Gold Rush,” according to News Source
Alaska.
7 “People came to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush from Canada and England,”
says Dr. Maria Gomez, “as well as from places as far away as South Africa.”
8 Museum director Kim Park states, “We have a permanent display of mining life on the
first floor.”
9 According to historian Barbara Hert, “Today you can visit old mining towns in many
parts of Alaska.”
10 “Our ships stop at a mining town established in the 1800s,” says Todd Jones of Cruise
Alaska, “and you can explore an abandoned gold mine.”

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2
1 According to Detroit Now, “People started to come to Michigan from the Middle East in
the late 1880s.”
2 Dr. Mark Hayek says, “People from the Middle East originally came to Michigan to
work in the Detroit auto industry.”
3 “At first, the people who came to Michigan were predominantly Lebanese,” says Dr.
Hayek, “as well as Syrian.”
4 “People also immigrated to Michigan from Iraq and Yemen,” states Dr. Hayek.
5 Detroit Now reports, “People continued to immigrate to Michigan even after the auto
industry declined.”
6 “The bulk of the people from the Middle East in Michigan are Lebanese,” claims Dr.
Hayek, “and they live in the Detroit area.”
7 Historian Jennifer Owens says, “The population of people from the Middle East in the
Detroit area grew by over 65 percent from 1990 to 2000.”
8 “According to one report, the number of people from the Middle East is likely to grow
‘by leaps and bounds’ in the future,” says Ms. Owens.

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2b; 3b; 4b; 5c; 6a; 7b; 8c; 9a; 10a

Skill 11 PAGE 42
Strategies to Avoid Repetition of Words
Job Interviewing

B. Over to You
1
1 show
2 what you know
3 them

2
1NR; 2R; 3R; 4R; 5NR; 6R; 7NR; 8NR; 9NR; 10NR

Check!
1 synonyms
2 pronouns
3 word forms

C. Practice
1
1a; 2d; 3b; 4e; 5c

2
NO
1 characteristic
2 people who work well on a team
3 Active listeners
4 individuals who excel at teamwork

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2c; 3a; 4b; 5c; 6a; 7a; 8b; 9b; 10a

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Skill 12 PAGE 46
Avoiding Wordiness and Redundancy
Business Personalities
B. Over to You
1
b

2
a

3
1 NO
2 YES
3 NO
4 YES
5 YES
6 YES

Check!
1 Wordiness
2 Redundancy

C. Practice
1
1X; 2✓; 3X; 4✓; 5✓

2
1b; 2a; 3a; 4b; 5b

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2c; 3b; 4c; 5a; 6c; 7a; 8b; 9b; 10b

Skill 13 PAGE 50
Avoiding Frequently Misspelled Words
Genetically Modified Food

B. Over to You
1
1 believe
2 affects
3 necessary
4 environment
5 similar
6 benefits

2
1 advice
2 its
3 usually
4 their
5 whether
6 calendars
7 friends
8 past

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Check!
1 consonants
2 spelling
3 silent
4 i‐e, e‐i

C. Practice
1
1 A (Although)
2 A (perceived)
3 A (increasingly)
4 C (vegetables)
5 C (leaking)
6 A (several)
7 A (business)
8 B (certain)

2
1 incorrect (knowledge)
2 correct
3 incorrect (recommend)
4 incorrect (believe)
5 correct
6 incorrect (lose)
7 incorrect (pollution)
8 correct
9 incorrect (consumers)

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3b; 4c; 5a; 6c; 7c; 8a; 9b; 10a

Skill 14 PAGE 54
Facts vs. Opinions
Children and Health
B. Over to You
1
1 OPINION
2 FACT

2
1 opinion
2 fact
3 opinion
4 fact
5 fact
6 opinion
7 opinion
8 fact
9 fact
10 opinion

Check!
1 facts, fact
2 opinion, opinions

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C. Practice
1
1c; 2a; 3f; 4b; 5d; 6e

2
1O; 2O; 3F; 4O; 5O; 6F

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3c; 4b; 5a; 6a; 7b; 8b; 9c; 10b

Skill 15 PAGE 58
Acknowledging Opposing Opinions
Patients, Doctors, and the Internet
B. Over to You
1
1B; 2C; 3D

2
1c; 2a; 3e; 4b; 5f; 6d

Check!
1 opposing opinion
2 refutation

C. Practice
1
1OA; 2R; 3OA; 4OA; 5R; 6R; 7R; 8OA

2
1
1 It is crucial that access to medical information on the Internet be more heavily
restricted.
2 However, restricting Web access in the United States violates individuals’ rights.
3 That being said, medical websites should monitor their content so people can
distinguish accurate information from inaccurate information.
2
1 People who have consulted the Internet to self‐diagnose a serious illness should think
twice before wasting a doctor’s consultation time.
2 On the other hand, well‐informed patients may be able to accurately diagnose
symptoms of a serious illness themselves.
3 Even though people believe they are really ill, it is important to remember that
medical websites may contain incorrect information.

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2a; 3b; 4c; 5c; 6b; 7a; 8b; 9c; 10b

Skill 16 PAGE 62
Avoiding Choppy Sentences and Stringy Sentences
Leading a Healthy Life
B. Over to You
1
2

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2
1 choppy
2 stringy
3 stringy
4 choppy
5 not choppy or stringy
6 stringy
7 choppy
8 choppy
9 stringy
10 not choppy or stringy

Check!
1 Choppy
2 Stringy

C. Practice
1
1a; 2b

2
1 NO
2 YES
3 YES
4 NO

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2a; 3b; 4a; 5a; 6c; 7a; 8a; 9b; 10c

Skill 17 PAGE 66
Summarizing Outside Sources
Privacy in the Digital Age
B. Over to You
1
1B; 2A; 3C

2
1MP; 2MP; 3MP; 4D; 5MP; 6D; 7MP; 8D

Check!
1 different
2 meaning

C. Practice
1
1a; 2c

2
1C; 2A; 3B

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2a; 3b; 4a; 5b; 6c; 7c; 8b

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Skill 18 PAGE 70
Avoiding Overgeneralizations
Violence, Media, and Children
B. Over to You
1
c

2
1 overgeneralization
2 not an overgeneralization
3 not an overgeneralization
4 overgeneralization
5 overgeneralization
6 not an overgeneralization
7 not an overgeneralization
8 overgeneralization
9 not an overgeneralization
10 overgeneralization

Check!
1 conclusions, imprecise
2 everybody, often
3 examples, facts

C. Practice
1
1MO; 2AO; 3AO; 4MO; 5AO; 6MO; 7AO; 8MO

2
1c; 2d; 3e; 4a; 5f; 6b

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3b; 4c; 5a; 6b; 7b; 8c; 9a; 10b

Skill 19 PAGE 74
Avoiding Charged Language
Information Overload
B. Over to You
1
a

2
1 unwise
2 problematic
3 limited
4 misguided
5 dislike
6 risky
7 irrational
8 ill‐advised
9 poorly
10 informative

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Check!
1 neutral
2 support
3 opposing

C. Practice
1
1b; 2a; 3a; 4b

2
1PA; 2NL; 3E; 4NL; 5PA; 6E

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2b; 3a; 4b; 5a; 6c; 7c; 8b

Skill 20 PAGE 78
Elements of a Strong Argument
Social Networking
B. Over to You
1
1B; 2A; 3C

2
1 strong
2 weak
3 strong
4 weak
5 weak
6 strong

Check!
1 thesis statement
2 facts
3 plagiarism

C. Practice
1
1F; 2O; 3F; 4O; 5F; 6F; 7F; 8O; 9O; 10O

2
1A; 2I; 3I; 4I; 5A

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2b; 3a; 4c; 5c; 6c; 7b; 8a

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