AGRICULTURAL

FACILITIES
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING
Agricultural buildings are structures designed for farming and agricultural practices,
including but not limited to: growing and harvesting of crops and raising livestock and small
animals.

Specific examples of agricultural buildings include:

 barns
 greenhouses
 storage buildings for farm equipment, animal supplies or feed
 storage buildings for equipment used to implement farming and/or agricultural practices
 storage buildings for crops grown and raised on site (cold storage)
 horticultural nursery.

In what zoning classifications are agricultural uses allowed?

 Agricultural uses are allowed in most of the rural areas of unincorporated King County.
This includes properties zoned Agricultural (A) and Rural Area (RA). For agricultural
product sales, the permitted use table is found in 21A.08.070* of the King County
Code (K.C.C.). For growing and harvesting crops and raising livestock and small
animals, see K.C.C. 21A.08.090*. For stables (as defined in K.C.C. 21A.06.1220*), see
K.C.C. 21A.08.050*.

 Some of the conditions for these practices may include: limitations on the size and sales
and/or storage areas and hours of operation; requirements for annual sales projections
from products grown or produced in King County; limitations on signs and lighting.

What are the required setbacks from property lines?

For complete details, see K.C.C. 21A.12.122* Setbacks - Livestock buildings and manure
storage areas. Some general guidelines are noted below:

 The minimum setback from interior property lines for any building used to house, confine
or feed swine shall be 90 feet.

 The minimum setback from interior property lines for any building used to house, confine
or feed any other livestock shall be 25 feet.

 The minimum setback from interior property lines for any manure storage area shall be
35 feet.

 The typical street setback is 30 feet.

SHEDS
A shed is typically a simple, single-storey structure in a back garden or on
an allotment that is used for storage, hobbies, or as a workshop.
Sheds vary considerably in the complexity of their construction and their size, from small
open-sided tin-roofed structures to large wood-framed sheds with shingled roofs, windows,
and electrical outlets. Sheds used on farms or in industry can be large structures.
Types
Small domestic sheds
The simplest and least-expensive sheds are available in kit form. Both shed kits and "do-
it-yourself" plans are available for wooden and plastic sheds. Sheds are used to store home and
garden tools and equipment such as push lawn mowers, lawn tractors, and gardening supplies. In
addition, sheds can be used to store items that are not suitable for indoor storage, such as petrol
(gasoline), pesticides, or herbicides.
.

A metal garden shed made with sheets of galvanized steel over a steel frame

These small sheds include corner sheds, which fit into a corner (3 ft tall × 3 wide × 2
deep, or 0.91×0.91×0.6 m), vertical sheds horizontal sheds (3×5×4 ft or 0.91×1.5×1.2 m), and
toolsheds. When a shed is used for tool storage, shelves and hooks are often used to maximize
the storage space. Gambrel-style roofed sheds (sometimes called baby barns), which resemble a
Dutch-style barn, have a high sloping roofline which increases storage space in the "loft" area.
Some Gambrel-styles have no loft and offer the advantage of reduced overall height. Another
style of small shed is the saltbox-style shed.
Larger domestic sheds

A tall shed with windows and a shingled roof

Larger, more-expensive sheds are typically constructed of wood and include features
typically found in house construction, such as windows, a shingled roof, and electrical outlets.
Larger sheds provide more space for engaging in hobbies such as gardening, small engine repair,
ortinkering. Some sheds have small porches or include furniture, which allows them to be used
for relaxation purposes. In some cases, teleworkers and homeworkers in general who live in mild
climates use small to medium-sized wooden garden sheds as outdoor offices.

Specific-use sheds

Garden sheds The vast majority of sheds are garden sheds, including allotment sheds.
This class of sheds also includes potting sheds and tool sheds. Most modern gardens are too
small for more than a single shed, containing garden tools and lawn mowers.

Bike sheds (also called bicycle sheds) usually contain a framework on which bikes
can be supported and locked. Bike sheds range from little more than a supported roof to more-
complex structures with walls and locking doors.

Boat sheds (also called boatsheds) are lockable wooden sheds built near a body of
water to store small private boats, bathing suits, and related items. Boat sheds used for rowing
clubs are large structures for storing skiffs.

Agricultural sheds
 Farm sheds and other outbuildings are used to store
farm equipment, tractors, tools, hay, and supplies, or
to house horses, cattle, poultry or other farm animals.
Run-in sheds are three-sided structures with an open
face used for horses and cattle.

 Shearing sheds can be large sheds found on sheep

stations to accommodate large-scale sheep shearing.
Railway sheds
 Engine sheds are structures used for the maintenance or storage of railway
locomotives. In Britain these are also called motive power depots.
 Goods sheds are railway buildings designed for storing goods before or after
carriage in a train.
 Train sheds are buildings adjacent to a railway station where the tracks and
platforms are covered by a roof. The first train shed was built in 1830 at
Liverpool's Crown Street Station.
 Snow sheds are strongly built timber or reinforced-concrete tunnels that protect
railroad tracks (or roads) from avalanches.

Miscellaneous sheds

 In 19th century military barracks, sheds were used as auxiliary buildings for
various purposes. The Royal Artillery park barracks in Halifax used sheds as gun sheds,
carriage sheds, repair sheds, wheel sheds, wagon sheds and storage sheds.[1]

Arena

 A simple open roof structure, or a partially walled or fully enclosed large under-
cover area. It can be used for horse-riding equestrian venues, providing all-year usage of
the facility, with protection from the weather.

Construction
The main types of shed construction are metal sheathing over a metal frame, plastic
sheathing and frame, all-wood construction, and vinyl-sided sheds built over a wooden frame.
Each type has various advantages and disadvantages that a homeowner has to consider. For
example, while metal sheds are fire and termite-resistant, they can rust over time, or be severely
damaged by high winds. The International Building Code(IBC) defines a shed as a building or
structure of an accessory character; it classifies them under Utility and Miscellaneous Group U
(Chapter 3 Section 312).
 Metal sheds
Metal sheds made from thin sheet metal sheathing (galvanized steel, aluminium, or
corrugated iron) attached to a metal frame. Metal sheds are a good choice when long-term
strength and resistance to fire, rot, or termites is desired. However, metal sheds may rust over
time, particularly if they are constructed from steel that is not galvanized. Be aware that concrete
is highly corrosive so care needs to be take when assembling your shed to avoid contact with the
outside panels.[2]
  Plastic sheds
Plastic shed kits utilizing heavy molded plastics such as PVC and polyethylene are less
expensive than sheet-metal sheds. PVC resins and high-impact, UV light-
resistant polyethylene make plastic outdoor sheds stronger, lighter, more durable, and more
resistant to denting and chipping than wood, and tend to be more stable.
Plastic shed kits sided with vinyl are typically among the least-expensive types of shed
construction. Higher-quality sheds use UV-resistant plastic and powder-coated metal frames.
Many plastic sheds are modular to allow for easy extensions, peg-boards, shelving, attic-storage,
windows, skylights, and other accessories to be added later.
Plastic sheds are not susceptible to termite or wood-boring insect damage, and they require
little maintenance. Being rot-proof they do not need to have preservative applied.

 Wooden sheds
Wooden sheds have a natural look that can blend in well with garden environments. Despite
the strength of wood, over time, untreated and neglected wood can rot, split, warp or become
susceptible to mold and mildew, so wood sheds should be treated for protection. Wood sheds
need regular maintenance. This includes keeping plant matter and debris from piling up beside
the walls and on the roof, and occasional rot-proofing with preservative. Sheds are sometimes
also re-stained or varnished at times for aesthetic reasons. Fire and, in some
regions, termite attack are also potential problems.
Stains and preservatives can be applied to wood sheds to prevent damage to the wood caused
by exposure to rain, damp ground, UV light, harsh climatic conditions, fungal attack and wood-
boring insects. If a coloured preservative oil or stain is used, a wooden shed can either be made
to stand out as a feature within a garden, or to blend in with its surroundings. Red cedar coloured
stain is popular. Some types of wood, such as cedar, are more naturally resistant to water
damage. One advantage of using wood sheds is that it is easier to modify wooden sheds (i.e.,
than metal sheds) by adding windows, doors, shelving, or exterior trim (etc.) because wood can
be cut and drilled using commonly available tools. Some homeowners may prefer wood sheds
because wood is a renewable resource.
 Vinyl-sided sheds
Vinyl-sided sheds are typically built with standard wood framing construction and oriented
strand board (OSB) on the walls covered with standard vinyl siding. Vinyl-sided sheds never
need to be painted, but they might require special scrubbing. They are generally stronger than
plastic or metal sheds, and are usually built to conform with the local building codes. They are
not eco-friendly, and they cost more than wooden, metal or plastic sheds.
 Asbestos sheds
In the early and middle years of the 20th century, many garden sheds and domestic garages
were made of asbestos-cement sheets supported on a very light angle-iron frame. Concerns about
safety led to the practice being discontinued, but they were cheap and long-lasting, and many can
still be seen in British gardens. Advice on continued use or disposal is available.
BARNS

A barn is an agricultural building used for storage and as a covered workplace. It may
sometimes be used to house livestock or to store farming vehicles and equipment. Barns are most
commonly found on a farm or former farm. A barn meant for keeping cattle may be known as
a byre.

Construction
In the U.S., older barns were built from timbers hewn from trees on the farm and built as
a log crib barn or timber frame, although stone barns were sometimes built in areas where stone
was a cheaper building material.
In the mid to late 19th century in the U.S. barn framing methods began to shift away from
traditional timber framing to "truss framed" or "plank framed" buildings. Truss or plank framed
barns reduced the number of timbers instead using dimensional lumber for the rafters, joists, and
sometimes the trusses. The joints began to become bolted or nailed instead of being mortised and
tenoned.
Modern barns are more typically steel buildings. From about 1900 to 1940, many
large dairy barns were built in northern USA. These commonly have gambrel or hip roofs to
maximize the size of the hay loft above the dairy roof, and have become associated in the
popular image of a dairy farm. The barns that were common to the wheatbelt held large numbers
of pulling horses such as Clydesdalesor Percherons.

Uses
In older style barns, the upper area was used to store hay and sometimes grain. This is called the
mow (rhymes with cow) or the hayloft. A large door at the top of the ends of the barn could be
opened up so that hay could be put in the loft. The hay was hoisted into the barn by a system
containing pulleys and a trolley that ran along a track attached to the top ridge of the barn. Trap
doors in the floor allowed animal feed to be dropped into the mangers for the animals.
Features
A farm often has pens of varying shapes and sizes used to shelter large and small animals.
The pens used to shelter large animals are called stalls and are usually located on the lower floor.
Other common areas, or features, of a typical barn include:

 a tack room (where bridles, saddles, etc. are kept), often set up as a break room

 a feed room, where animal feed is stored - not typically part of a modern barn where feed
bales are piled in a stack yard

 a drive bay, a wide corridor for animals or machinery

 a silo where fermented grain or hay (called ensilage or haulage) is stored.

 a milk house for dairy barns; an attached structure where the milk is collected and stored
prior to shipment

 a grain (soy, corn, etc.) bin for dairy barns, found in the mow and usually made of wood
with a chute to the ground floor providing access to the grain, making it easier to feed the
cows.

 modern barns often contain an indoor corral with a squeeze chute for
providing veterinary treatment to sick animals.

Types

 Bank barn

 Pennsylvania barn (Standard and Sweitzer types, also known as forebay or porch barns)

 Carriage house/Cart Shed

 Cantilever barn - a log crib barn with cantilevered upper floor(s) which developed in
Appalachia (U.S.A.)

 Combination barn — found throughout England, especially in areas of pastoral farming

 Crib barn - Horizontal log structures with up to four cribs (assemblies of crossing
timbers) found primarily in the southern U.S.A.

 New World Dutch Barn

 English barn
 Granary — to store grain

 Housebarn - A combined living space and barn

 Linhay — to store hay on the first floor with either cattle on the ground floor
(cattle linhay), or farm machinery (cart linhay). Characterized by an open front with
regularly spaced posts or pillars.

 Longhouse — an ancient form of cattle building, with the same entrance for
people as well

 Oast houses — not a barn but a farm outbuilding used for drying hops as part of the
brewing process.

 Pole barn — a simple structure that consists of poles embedded in the ground to support a
roof, with or without exterior walls. The pole barn lacks a conventional foundation, thus
greatly reducing construction costs. Traditionally used to house livestock, hay or equipment.

 Round barn

 Shelter sheds — open-fronted structures for stock

 Shippon — houses oxen and cattle. Has fodder storage above, regularly spaced doors on
the yard side, a pitching door or window on the first floor.

 Stable — the historical building had a hayloft on the first floor and a pitching door at the
front. After the barn, this is typically historically the second oldest building on the farm.

 Tobacco barn

 Tithe barn — a type of barn used in much of northern Europe in the Middle Ages for
storing the tithes — a tenth of the farm's produce which had to be given to the church

 Threshing barn — for the processing and storage of cereals, to keep them in dry
conditions. Characterised by large double doors in the centre of one side, a smaller one on
the other, and storage for cereal harvest or unprocessed on either side. In England the grain
was beaten from the crop by flails and then separated from the husks by winnowing between
these doors. The design of these typically remained unchanged between the 12th and 19th
centuries. The large doors allow for a horse wagon to be driven through; the smaller ones
allow for the sorting of sheep and other stock in the spring and summer.
POULTRY HOUSES
Poultry Center

 The following suggestions are made for typical faun poultry enterprises--not commercial
poultry establishments.
 Provide a definite poultry center rather than allow a run-of-the-farmstead arrangement.
As a general rule, it should be where the prevailing summer wind will carry odors and
feathers away from the living area rather than toward it .
 The location will depend on the system of handling the flock .Adult stock should be
confined to the house or at least kept in a fenced yard. If you use a poultry yard, you may
wish to rotate it with the garden . This system has advantages for sanitation as well as for
productive gardening .But never apply poultry manure during the gardening year .
 When poultry is confined, the house should be readily accessible from the service yard
.Often a good location is next to the border of the service yard, provided there is enough
space to allow for future expansion of the poultry house .Unless the operation is large
enough to justify storing feed within the poultry house, the house should be fairly close to
the feed center. A southern exposure that will admit the maximum amount of sunlight is
also important .Water should be piped into the house.

PIGGERIES
Piggery design
This information should complement the details used for developing your site and yard plan.

Shed design
Outline the proposed shed design:
 number of sheds
 shed dimensions
 number of pigs and pig class in each shed
 effluent management system (flushing, pull plug, deep litter).
Waste collection and transport
Outline the proposed waste collection and transport methods
 pen and laneway cleaning practices
 types and configurations of waste collection pits
 flushing volumes and frequencies
 recycling practices for flushing water
 drain types and construction methods
 drain cleaning procedures.
Effluent pre-treatment information
 Outline any proposed pre-treatment system such as solid separators, run down screens
and screw presses, and their operating details:
removal rates for total solids, volatile solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and salt
 maintenance plans
 storage methods
 processing methods
 handling and transport of solids removed.
Liquid waste information
Outline the proposed pond system (including both anaerobic and wet weather ponds):
 number of ponds
 pond dimensions (including surface area and volumes)
 operating freeboard
 suitability of soil to construct effluent pond.
Solid waste treatment and storage
Outline the proposed solid waste (including sludge) treatment and storage methods
including practices for drying, stockpiling and composting.
HATCHERY

A hatchery is a facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions, especially
those of fish or poultry. It may be used for ex-situ conservation purposes, i.e. to breed rare or
endangered species under controlled conditions; alternatively, it may be for economic reasons
(i.e. to enhance food supplies or fishery resources).

Fish hatcheries
Fish hatcheries are used to cultivate and breed a large number of fish in an enclosed
environment. Fish farms use hatcheries to cultivate fish to sell for food, or ornamental purposes,
eliminating the need to find the fish in the wild and even providing some species outside of their
natural season. They raise the fish until they are ready to be eaten or sold to aquarium stores.
Other hatcheries release the juvenile fish into a river, lake or the ocean to support commercial,
tribal, or recreational fishing or to supplement the natural numbers of threatened or endangered
species, a practice known as fish stocking.

Poultry hatcheries

Poultry hatcheries produce a majority of the birds consumed in the developed world
including chickens, turkeys, ducks and some other minor bird species. It is a multibillion dollar
industry, with highly regimented production systems used to maximize bird size versus feed
consumed. Birds are produced and maintained under high density, which makes production and
harvesting more economical, but can also generate problems such as the spread of pathogens,
which can move very quickly through the population when animal densities are high.

Poultry generally start with naturally (chickens) or artificially (turkeys) inseminated hens
that lay eggs; the eggs are cleaned and shells are checked for soundness before putting them in
the incubators. The incubators control temperature and humidity, and turn the eggs until they
hatch. Generally large numbers are produced at one time so the resulting birds are uniform in
size and can be harvested at the same time.
 STABLES

Reasons for the Provision of Stables

Before considering the planning and construction of stables in detail, a greeter

appreciation of the fundamental requirements might be gained by considering briefly the reasons
for providing stables. A horse living out in its natural surroundings has no need of protection
from the weather providing it has a sufficiency of good food. The thickness of the coat during the
winter months, the natural oils in the skin and the fact that the animal may move about freely, are
all adequate protection from inclement conditions. A horse living under such conditions,
however, is fit only for the lightest work.

A horse in full work needs to be fit and to be kept clean. To obtain this condition requires
the removal of surplus fat, a clipped coat and regular grooming. Thus not only is the coat
lightened but cleaning and grooming take away a large proportion of its natural protective oils. A
horse in this condition cannot satisfactorily live out and artificial methods of protection must be
provided, by means of blankets and stables. Stables have, therefore, to provide to a great extent
the protection to the animal which has been removed by the requirements of work end
cleanliness.
Principal Requirements of Stables

The basic needs controlling the design and construction of stable buildings may be enumerated
as follows :
1 . Dryness
2. Warmth
3. Adequate ventilation but with freedom from droughts
4. Good drainage
5. Good lighting, both daylight and artificial
6. Adequate and suitable water supply

OTHER LIVE STOCK STRUCTURE

Grain Center

Usually grain is stored at the farmstead, although some grain farms have cribs in a field
near a good market road. Storage at the farmstead reduces the chance of loss by theft and is also
more convenient if a substantial amount of grain is fed on the farm. A spot within the service
yard is best preferably near one side where there is ample room for the use of elevators, trucks
and wagons.

The grain center should be accessible without opening - pates. If natural drying is
depended upon, a location where sunlight and air can reach the walls of cribs is important. The
grain center itself may be a crib, a combined crib and granary, or one or more grain bins.
Elevating, filling, and emptying equipment can be arranged so that all grain is stored at ground
level. Bins may be placed either in a circle around an elevator or in a straight line along the
service yard border (on livestock farm, they may be next to the feeding area) .When the grain
center is combined with a feeding center, space should be allowed for a structure to house feed-
processing equipment. If the grain center has been properly related to the feeding center, the feed
can be easily fed to the livestock.

Feeding Center

On livestock farms the grain storage and processing center that has been described should
be one of the units making up the feeding center. Shelters for one or more classes of live-stock,
storage units for feed and bedding, lots, and feeding floors would also be included .Putting grain
storage close to these other structures will, of course, save labor.
 Precautions against lightning and spontaneous combustion will help to take care of any
increased fire hazard. In arranging the feeding center, take into account both sunlight direction
and the direction of prevailing winds. Protection from winter wind is, of course, important--at the
same time sheltered areas should get as much sunlight as possible.
The center should be located so that the prevailing summer wind carries live .stock odors
away from the living area .Structures for storing hay, silage, and bed-ding should be easy to get
to from the service yard. Filling them will then be more convenient .For greater convenience,
arrange the feeding area so that it does not have to be entered when grain is being unloaded for
storage.
Paved feed lots are highly recommended. Feed lots for both cattle and hogs are best
located near the feed storage and processing center . This is not always possible, however, when
existing arrangements are being adapted for modern feeding equipment. In such a situation a
mechanical conveyor or a blower-pipe arrangement might be used to move feed to bunks some
distance away from the immediate feed center .

Dairy Center

Dairy structures (loose-housing or stanchion barn systems) should be on the side of the
service yard closest to lanes and pastures .The most compact system uses the stanchion barn.
Usually, the long axis of the barn is north and south so that sunlight will strike both sides of the
building. Exceptions, however, present no serious difficulties.

The milk house or milk room is preferably located near the middle of the stanchion area
and on the service yard side. Sometimes a short driveway from the service yard to the milk room
may be necessary. For efficiency in feeding, the silo and feed room should also be about halfway
from each end of the stanchion lines-usually on the side opposite the milk room. Where possible,
the silo and feed storage should be accessible from the service yard, but this isles important than
access to the milk room if a choice must be made.

The loose-housing system consists of several units: a feeding area and hay storage,
bedded area and bedding storage, a milking unit with feed bin, and a milk house. It is less
expensive to build but takes more space. These units should be arranged to allow sunlight in the
bedded area while shielding the space from winter wind. An L-shape arrangement can often be
formed with one side of the L made up of the bedded area and bedding storage. The other side
would consist of the feeding area and hay storage. Sometimes the location of the service yard
may make a straight-line arrangement desirable, although such an arrangement gives less wind
protection than the L-shape. Doors to hay and bedding storage should be accessible from the
service yard or from a lane leading to the yard.
GREEN HOUSES
 A greenhouse must be so designed that it admits the greatest possible amount of available
light. The structural system, therefore, must be minimal in bulk, yet strong enough to
support the weight of the glazing system . Site selection, building orientation, and roof
pitch must all be considered with this in mind . While the glazing medium selected must
be capable of high light transmission, it must also be of a weight and kind and be framed
so that breakage is a minimal hazard .
 A greenhouse is a transparent structure and cannot be insulated, so solar heat gain and
heat loss are factors that must be considered . In spite of the difficulties inherent in the
type of structure, temperature and humidity must be controlled to within a degree and a
half in some cases . Then, too, plant requirements vary from dawn to dusk to dawn, and
from one stage of plant growth to another .
 A temperature control system specifically designed for horticultural applications (rather
than conventional heating end cooling systems) must be installed in the greenhouse to
create and maintain correct environmental conditions in a consistent manner .
 There must be a means of introducing fresh air into the greenhouse on demand, and
circulating it in an even pattern so that temperature and humidity levels are uniform
throughout the house .Greenhouses are sometimes used for other purposes than plant
production alone . Some are also teaching labs, research stations, or display houses .
Some must have greater degree of aesthetic appeal then others, or conform to existing
architecture .
 While good light exposure, unpolluted air, and free-draining soil are all basic
requirements of a plant-growing environment, greenhouses often have to be sited on
crowded campuses and in industrial areas . While the greenhouse designer does not
always have a free choice when it comes to site selection, some requirements are
indispensable .For instance, the greenhouse site should not be shaded by buildings or
trees .
 Good natural exposure is preferable to a site where hills cut ff late afternoon sun . A
windbreak 100 or more feet away in the direction of the prevailing wind can help reduce
heating costs .Avoid sites downwind of a heating plant or incinerator stack, or where
toxic fumes from chemical laboratories can be drawn into the greenhouses .
 And for obvious reasons greenhouses should not be located adjacent to playgrounds or
playing fields .
GRANERIES
A granary is a storehouse for threshed grain or animal feed. In ancient or primitive
granaries, pottery is the most common use of storage in these buildings. Granaries are often built
above the ground to keep the stored food away from mice and other animals.

Early origins
From ancient times grain has been stored in bulk. The oldest granaries yet found date
back to 9500 BC[1] and are located in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A settlements in the Jordan
Valley. The first were located in places between other buildings. However beginning around8500
BC, they were moved inside houses, and by 7500 BC storage occurred in special rooms. The first
granaries measured 3 x 3 m on the outside and had suspended floors that protected the grain from
rodents and insects and provided air circulation.[1]

East Asia
Simple storage granaries raised up on four or more posts appeared in the Yangshao culture in
China and after the onset of intensive agriculture in the Korean peninsula during the Mumun
pottery period (c. 1000 B.C.) as well as in the Japanese archipelago during the
Final Jōmon/Early Yayoi periods (c. 800 B.C.). In the archaeological vernacular of Northeast
Asia, these features are lumped with those that may have also functioned as residences and
together are called 'raised floor buildings'.

Modern
Towards the close of the 19th century, warehouses specially intended for holding grain began to
multiply in Great Britain, but North America is the home of great granaries, known there as grain
elevators. There are climatic difficulties in the way of storing grain in Great Britain on a large
scale, but these difficulties have been largely overcome. To preserve grain in good condition it
must be kept away as much as possible from moisture and heat. New grain when brought into a
warehouse has a tendency to release moisture. Bacteria are more active in this condition and can
heat the grain. If the heating is allowed to continue the quality of the grain suffers. An effectual
remedy is to turn out the grain in layers, not too thick, on a floor, and to keep turning it over so as
to aerate it thoroughly. Grain can thus be conditioned for storage in silos.
.
OTHER STRUCTURES FOR STORAGE
Power, Water, and Sanitation Facilities

A well located in the living area of the form is desirable from a sanitary standpoint, since
the house should be on the best-drained area of the farmstead. You may, however, prefer
allocation closer to the center of water consumption or between the house and the livestock
feeding area. Direct access to the well from the service yard is desirable but not necessary .The
leader supplying electricity to the pump should come directly from the meter.
In laying out the water system, it is important to keep lines as short and straight as
possible. A pipe-line run straight to the barn from the storage tank, with side branches to the
poultry house hog house, pastures, shop, and garden is practical in most situations. A modern
sewage disposal system consists of the house sewer, septic tank, and a disposal field. The sewer
line from the house to the septic tank, as well as the line to the distribution box, must be
watertight and root proof.
The disposal area should be on open ground, generally out of range of tree roots.