LESSON LOG IN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

NON-MOBILE MULTIMEDIA LEARNING GROUP

School Camflora National High School Grade Level 11
Statistics and
Teacher Ana Lou R. Razo Learning Area
Probability

Week 6 2nd Semester /

Date Semester/Quarter
(February 25 and 28, 2019) 2nd Quarter

Note: Teaching schedule is 2 Sessions per week. Each session last for 2 hrs. A total of 4 hours in a week.

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of tests of hypotheses on the
population mean and population proportion.

B. Performance Standards
C. Learning
Competencies/Objectives
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
B. Other Learning
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing previous
lesson or presenting the
new lesson (Activity)
B. Establishing a purpose
for the lesson(Analysis 1)
The learner is able to perform appropriate tests of hypotheses involving the population
mean and population proportion to make inferences in real-life problems in different
disciplines.
At the end of the session, learners are expected to
1. illustrates: (a) null hypothesis (b) alternative hypothesis. M11/12SP-IVa-1
2. formulates the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses on a population mean.
M11/12SP-IVb-1
Tests of Hypothesis (Null and Alternative Hypotheses)
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ( Belecina, Baccay & Mateo) pp. 216-225
Presenting the new lesson by stating these instances:
We made decisions every day. Some of these are important while other are not. In
decision-making, we usually follow certain processes: weigh alternatives, collect
alternatives, collect evidence, and make a decision. After a decision is made, an
appropriate interpretation is made (or an action is undertaken). We follow these basic
processes in testing hypothesis in Statistics.
Can you give/site examples where you have to decide?
Presentation of the lesson objectives by raising the following questions
1. What is hypothesis testing?
2. How do we formulate hypothesis?

C. Presenting Think, think, think…

Examples/instances of new
lesson(Analysis 2)
Check on the following situations:
1. A musician believes that listening to music affects mood.
2. A nutritionist claims that her developed bread is fortified with Vitamin B.
Question:
1. How will you know that their beliefs / claims are true?
2. What must they do to prove their beliefs / claims?
D. Discussing new concepts Hypothesis Testing
and practicing new skills #1
population based on the characteristics of a sample purportedly coming from that
(Abstraction 1) population. The decision whether the characteristic is acceptable or not.
E. Discussing new
concepts and practicing
new skills #2 (Abstraction
2)
Hypothesis testing is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a
Two Types of hypotheses
The null hypothesis, denoted by 𝐻0 , is a statement that there is no difference between
two parameters. Suppose two parameters are denoted by 𝜇1 and 𝜇2 . If there is no
difference it is written in symbols as: 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 = 0. So, the null hypothesis would be written
in symbols as: 𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁𝟏 = 𝝁𝟐 . The null hypothesis is the starting point of investigation and
at the end of the process, decision will be made whether it will be rejected or accepted.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by 𝐻1 , is a statement that there is a difference
between two parameters.
Example: Bottled Juice Content
The owner of a factory that sells a particular bottled juice claims that the average
capacity of a bottle is 250 ml. To test the owner’s claim, a consumer group get 100
samples of such bottles and calculate the capacity of each bottle. The observed mean
capacity 𝑋̅ of the 100 bottles is 243 ml. The sample standard deviation is 10 ml.
In this example, the owner’s statement (called claim) is a general statement that
the capacity of all their bottled product is 250 ml. On the other hand, the consumer group
has a sample which is 𝑋̅ = 243 𝑚𝑙, clearly a sample mean. There is a difference of 7 ml.
Can the consumer group generalize that the product is short of the claim? If this can be
proven, then the factory owner is lying. The evidence has to be established. So, the
consumer group gets interested in the population mean. They are interested to know if,
in reality, each bottle contains 250 ml.
Thus, the two hypotheses would be:
𝐻0 : The bottled drinks contain 250 ml per bottle. (This is the claim)
𝐻1 : The bottled drinks do not contain 250 ml per bottle. (The opposite of the claim)
In symbols: 𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 and 𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝟐𝟓𝟎
Note: In Mathematics, the symbol ≠ in the alternative hypothesis suggest either
greater than (>) relation or less than (<) relation. What is the interpretation of ≠ in the
example?
The appropriate alternative hypothesis for the example is: 𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 < 𝟐𝟓𝟎
Directional and Non-Directional Hypothesis
When the alternative hypothesis utilizes the ≠ symbol, the test is said to be non-
directional.
When the alternative hypothesis utilizes the > 𝒐𝒓 < symbol, the test is said to be
directional.
Directional and Non-Directional Tests
A non-directional test is also called two-tailed test.
A directional test may either be left-tailed or right-tailed.
Graphical Representations of Two-tailed and One-tailed Test
F. Developing mastery
(Leads to Formative
Assessment)
(Abstraction 3)
G. Finding Practical
applications of concepts
and skills (Applications)
H. Making generalizations
and abstractions about the
lesson
I. Evaluating Learning
J. Additional activities for
application or remediation
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTIONS
A. No. of learners who
earned 80 % in the
evaluation
B. No. of learners who
require additional activities
for remediation who
scored below 80%
C. Did the remedial lessons
work? No. of learners who
have caught up with the
lesson.
Example: Music and Studies
A teacher wants to know if listening to popular music affects the performance of
pupils. A class of 50 grade 1 pupils was used in the experiment. The mean score was 83
and the standard deviation is 5. A previous study revealed that 𝜇 = 82 and the standard
deviation 𝜎 = 10.
1. Formulate the null and the alternative hypotheses.
2. Tell whether the test is direction or non-directional.
Answer:
1. 𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 = 𝟖𝟐 and 𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝟖𝟐
2. There is no clue as to the direction of the investigation. The phrase affects
performance implies either an increase or a decrease in performance. So, the
test is non-directional.
Activity: Organic Fertilizers
A farmer believes that using organic fertilizers on his plants will yield greater income.
His average income from the past was Php 200,000.00 per year. State the hypotheses in
symbols. State the direction of the test.
Base from the lesson that we tackled…
1. What is hypothesis testing?
2. Differentiate the two types of hypotheses.
3. How can you tell whether the test is directional or non-directional?
Quiz:
State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis in (a) words and in (b) symbols
and tell whether it is directional or non-directional.
A librarian of a school claims that all their Grade 11 students read an average of 10
e-books a month with a standard deviation of 2 books. A random sample of Grade 11
students read an average 12 e-books a month and standard deviation of 1 book. The
confidence statement is 95%.
Assignment:
Determine whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed. If it is one-tailed, is it left-tailed
or right-tailed?
1. A nutritionist claims that her developed bread is fortified with Vitamin B.
2. A musician believes that listening to classical music affects mood.
3. A storekeeper thinks that time of day influences sale of ice cream.
4. A mother wants to prove that reading books to children improves their thinking
processes.
5. A certain combination of fruits provides the daily requirement for Vitamin C.
This topic is intended for one week. The topics that will not be able to finish discussing in
the first session will be continued the following session. It is shown in this way to clearly
see/picture out the flow of the discussion.
D. No. of learners who
continue to require
remediation
E. Which of my teaching
strategies worked well?
Why did this work?
F. What difficulties did I No teaching guide for this subject.
encounter which my
principal or supervisor can
help me solve?
G. What innovation or PowerPoint Presentation of the lesson
localized materials did I
use/ discover which I wish
to share with other
teachers?