BUILDING DESIGN 2

INTRODUCTION
• In the study of plumbing, it is important to
know the different parts of the piping
installations and their functions.
• The effectiveness of plumbing installations
depends upon the strict observance of the
natural laws of nature such as: gravity,
atmospheric pressure that affect the whole
system.
 INTRODUCTION
• The drainage installation of plumbing
system comprises three major component
parts:
– Drainage
– Waste
– Vent

Simply called DWV.

 DRAINAGE PIPE
• Refers to an installation that receives and
conveys discharges from water closet with
or without waste coming from other
fixtures.
 WASTE PIPE
• Generally, smaller in size than the soil
pipe.
• Smaller because of the kind of waste it
receives from the various plumbing
fixtures.
• Refers to any pipe in a drainage
installation that receives the discharges of
any fixture except the water closet.
 VENT PIPE
• Functions as air passage or conduit to
ventilate the drainage and waste pipe
installation.
 SOIL PIPE
• Solid human waste is discharged by water
closet only to either the soli branch, soil
pipe, soil stack or house drain.
• Categorically, any pipe that receives and
conveys human waste is affixed by the
word “SOIL”.
 SOIL Branch
• Refers to a horizontal pipe that receives
solid waste from water closet.
 SOIL Stack
• Vertical pipe installation where the soil
branches terminate.
Illustrations
Illustrations
Determining the Size of Waste Pipe
The National Plumbing Code on the size the
waste pipe provides that:

“The waste pipe diameter shall be adequate

enough to serve the installation of fixtures in
a general way, but the best way is to fit
diameters of commercial pipe into the fixture
pattern in the most efficient manner.”
Determining the Size of Waste Pipe
• This is to accommodate the velocity flow,
making them as nearly scouring as
necessary to prevent the silting of the
pipe.

Scouring means to flush or wash out, to remove

dirt or grease by flowing through.
 DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (DFU)
• Table 7-1 – Maximum Trap Loading (p79)
• Table 7-2 – Minimum Trap Diameters
(p80)
• Table 7-3 – Discharge Capacity (p81)
• Table 7-5 – Maximum Fixture Unit Loading
and Maximum Length of Excreta Drainage
and Vent Piping (p88)
 Example 1
• Determine the size of horizontal waste
pipe to serve 5 urinals (pedestal trap arm
only), 3 lavatories, 8 showers and 2 slop
sink.

• ANSWER: 4” diameter waste pipe.

 Solution
• 5 urinals (pedestal trap arm only), 3
lavatories, 8 showers and 2 slop sink.
Fixtures Quantity DFU Total DFU
urinals 5 6 30
(pedestal trap
arm only),
lavatories 3 1 3
showers 8 2 16
slop sink 1 3 6
TOTAL 55
 Example 2
• Determine the size of horizontal waste
pipe for one lavatory, one residential sink,
and one slop sink.

• ANSWER: 2” diameter waste pipe.

 Solution
• one lavatory, one residential sink, and one
slop sink.
Fixtures Quantity DFU Total DFU
Lavatory 1 1 1
Residential 1 2 2
sink
slop sink 1 3 3
TOTAL 6
 Solution
• one lavatory, one residential sink, and one
slop sink.
Fixtures Quantity DFU Total DFU
Lavatory 1 1 1
Residential 1 2 2
sink
slop sink 1 3 3
TOTAL 6
 SOIL PIPE
The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe
Provides:
1. That, at least one of the vertical stacks in the
plumbing system must extend full size
through the roof for the following purposes:
a. To ventilate and dispose off the sewer gas
above the roof.
b. To prevent siphoning of the water trap seal by
force of suction.
c. To prevent the possibility of back pressure which
may force the water seal off the fixture trap.
 SOIL PIPE
The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe
Provides:
2. Any structure with a house drain installed,
must have at least one soil stack or stack vent,
extended above the roof not less than 30 cm
long and should not be less than 75 mm (3”
diameter) or the size of the drain whichever is
smaller.
 SOIL PIPE
The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe
Provides:
3. As a general rule, vent stack must be
extended and terminate through the roof of the
building. When the roof is to be used other than
protection from the elements of weather, the
vent stack should be extended no less than
2.00 meters above the roof.
Illustrations
Illustrations
Illustrations
 Example 3
• Determine the Soil Pipe dimeter to serve 8
water closets, 3 shower drain, 4 urinals, 2
slop sinks, and 3 wash basins.

• ASNWER: 4” diameter soil pipe

 Solution
• 8 water closets, 3 shower drain, 4 urinals, 2
slop sinks, and 3 wash basins.
Fixtures Quantity DFU Total DFU
Water closets 8 6 48
Shower Drain 3 2 6
Urinals 4 6 24
slop sink 2 3 6
Wash basin 3 1 3
TOTAL 87
 Example 4
• Find the size of soil stack to serve : 2 units
water closet, 2-showers, 2-lav, and 1
residential sink

• ASNWER: 3” diameter soil pipe

 Solution
• 2 units water closet, 2-showers, 2-lav, and 1
residential sink
Fixtures Quantity DFU Total DFU
Water closets 2 6 12
Shower 2 2 4
lavatory 2 1 2
Residential 1 2 2
sink
TOTAL 20
 House Drain
• House Drain is the portion of the plumbing
system that receives discharges of all soil
and waste stacks within the building, and
conveys the same to the House Sewer.
 House Drain
• Plumbing Code Provides that:
1. No water closet shall be discharge into a
drain less than 75mm or 3 inches pipe
diameter.
2. No more than two water closets shall be
discharge into any 75mm horizontal soil
branch, house drain or house sewer.
House
Drain
House Drain
 House Sewer
• Defined as that portion of the horizontal
drainage system, which starts from the
outer face of the building and terminate at
the main sewer in the street or septic tank.
• Other Code says, portion of the horizontal
drainage system, which starts 90 cm from
the outer surface of the building.
• Sometimes called the Building Sewer.
 Main Sewer
• Financed and maintained by the
government.
• Those houses along the street with main
seer line are required to connect their
house sewers to the public sewer line.
Illustration
 Storm Drain
• Unit of the plumbing system that conveys
rain or storm water to a suitable terminal.
• Storm water is normally discharge into
street gutter conveyed by public drain
system and carried to some natural
drainage terminal like canals, rivers, lakes
and the like.
 Storm Drain
• Plumbing Code : Section 1104 (sizing of
rainwater pipes)
• Table 11-1 Sizing of Roof Drains and
Donwspout Piping (p120)
• Table 11-2 Size of Horizontal Rainwater
Piping (p122)
• Table 11-3 Size of Circular Bottom Gutters
(p124)
Ventilating Drainage System
Ventilating
Drainage
System
 The Main Vent
• Portion of the vent pipe system, serving as
terminal for the smaller forms of individual
and grouped fixture trap ventilation.
• The main soil vent is the source through
which air is admitted to the plumbing
system.
• It serves as a means of eliminating the
objectionable odors.
 Example 5
• How large is the main vent required for
various fixes consisting of 4 water closets,
4 lavatories, 3 showers and 2 kitchen
sinks installed on the first floor of a two
storey building 6 meters high?
• ANSWER:65 mm diameter vent pipe
 Individual Vent
• Sometimes referred to as Back Vent.
• Portion of the vent pipe system that serves
as a single trap.
• It is connected closer to the trap, directly
underneath and back of the fixture and
reconnected into the main above the
overflow line of the fixture it serves.
Individual Vent
Individual Vent
Individual Vent
Unit Vent
Circular or Loop Vent
Circular or Loop Vent
Relief Vent
Relief Vent
Drainage
System