Swarm Intelligence Techniques With Consciousness in Artificial Economics For Energy Conservation in Enriched Cognitive Architecture

International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842
Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.irjcs.com
SWARM INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES WITH

CONSCIOUSNESS IN ARTIFICIAL ECONOMICS FOR
ENERGY CONSERVATION IN ENRICHED COGNITIVE
ARCHITECTURE
M. Shiva Prakash
Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Bharathiar University Coimbatore-641 046
sprakash652@gmail.com
Vijayakumar Maragal Venkatamuni
Professor and Head of Department,
Department of Information Science and Engineering
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology,
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bengaluru – 560056
dr.vijay.research@gmail.com
Manuscript History
Number: IRJCS/RS/Vol.06/Issue01/JACS10083
Received: 22, October 2018
Final Correction: 13, November 2018
Final Accepted: 09, January 2019
Published: January 2018
Citation: Shiva & Vijayakumar (2019). SWARM INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES WITH CONSCIOUSNESS IN
ARTIFICIAL ECONOMICS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN ENRICHED COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURE. IRJCS::
International Research Journal of Computer Science, Volume VI, 04-14. doi://10.26562/IRJCS.2019.JACS10083
Editor: Dr.A.Arul L.S, Chief Editor, IRJCS, AM Publications, India
Copyright: ©2019 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License, Which Permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author
and source are credited
Abstract— Consciousness concepts with swarm intelligence approach is a novel method for Energy conservation
challenges in cognitive architecture.A Enriched Cognitive architecture for conservation of energy using conscious
layer with swarm intelligence (ECACE) is proposed and designed. The proposed ECACE are shown as Energy-
Conscious Control System algorithm and implemented in simulated Testbed. The result of performance ore and
crystal evaluation, The Life Expectancy of Cognition versus BDI Agents versus consciousness with Swarm agents,
Consumption rate of Fungus and Ore Collection and life expectancy are discussed. The results obtained from
ECACE are compared with Society of mind Approach for distributed cognitive architecture (SMCA) agent’s and
shows that consciousness with swarm agent’s performance is better than SMCA performance in energy
conservation.
Keywords— Consciousness; swarm intelligence; Cognitive architecture; swarm Agent;
I. INTRODUCTION
Consciousness may be applied on machine model that is utilized is computational of approach which runs on the
procedure model adapted to energy conservation through artificial economic in cognitive architecture. A novel
Enriched Cognitive architecture for Conservation of Energy with conscious layer is derived from Society of Mind
cognitive architecture, Vijay Kumar, 2008. The adoption Consciousness in swarm intelligence of proves that
conscious tasks are performed faster and uses less resource. These is achieved in agents of each layer
demonstrates different degree of consciousness and swarm intelligence techniques for the conservation of energy.
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The flow of paper start with introduction of need of Consciousness swarm intelligent in energy conservation for
artificial economics in cognitive agent is discussed in section 1, followed by identified related works on swarm
agent with energy conservation in section II, proposed ECACE architecture in section III, Design, Strategies and
proposed novel Consciousness swarm agent layer algorithm for ECACE in section IV, Experimental design, setup
are discussed in section V, detail result discussion with graphs are shown in section VI , comparison of SMCA with
ECACE swarm agent performance are show in section VII and followed by conclusion and further enhancement
were discussed.
II. RELATED WORK
This research work explains, investigates and demonstrates the consciousness concepts in robotic applications
using consciousness concepts and swarm intelligence. This work describes how a robots convert their learned
knowledge into consciousness knowledge over a length of the time in a ECACE (Enriched Cognitive architecture
for conservation of energy using conscious layer) .The conscious concept uses international Workspace Theory
(Baars, 1988) and Multi Draft Model (Dennett, 1991) for consciousness, EM-One architecture (Singh,
2005)&SMCA (Society of Mind cognitive Architecture,Vijaykumar, 2008).This proves that conscious tasks are
performed faster and uses less resources .The performance of agents can improve all the routine tasks, which are
conscious. The ECACE (Enriched Cognitive architecture for Conservation of Energy with conscious layer)
proposed in this research paper has a five layer architecture ,the layers such as reflexive layer, reactive layer,
deliberative layer, Swarm intelligence and consciousness layer. The agents of each layer demonstrates different
degree of consciousness and swarm intelligence techniques for the conservation of energy. Cognitive information
organizations are the procedures which is kept as a knowledge base for cognitive which is in memory. To create
an alert the details are programmed within the brain for processing. A fixed data of handling products in which
the method of every idea that is sensed take to sensible understanding is considered as a mental performance.[1]
[3] [4] [10].
The conscious concept uses international Workspace Theory (Baars, 1988) and Multi Draft Model (Dennett, 1991)
for consciousness, EM-One architecture (Singh, 2005)&SMCA (Society of Mind cognitive Architecture,Vijaykumar,
2008).This proves that conscious tasks are performed faster and uses less resources .The performance of agents
can improve all the routine tasks, which are conscious. An access consciousness is a consciousness which is to be
demonstrated is phenomenalin animal or human [7] [8]. The thoughts, emotions are natural, where the
consciousness remarkable of understandings. This is called as qualia. Learning or remembering some objects is
accessed by the consciousness. The consciousness which is access will regulate our behaviour as a result of the
quails, in which the experiences are the procedure of the functioning of things [14].The approach is in what way
the info is represented in a conscious state within the brain, whereas studies shows the approach to control is
different that are energetic in brain in a conscious state, where it influences the information stored. The
technology that is cognitive a ground of technology where different mechanism procedure serially in mind to
recognize how a job is intellectual performed in mind to create understanding [2] [18]. By means of a method that
is cognitive consciousness always to give a calculative ideal with an established well-ordered intellectual
procedure successively to demonstrate a behaviour that is acceptable.
III. ENRICHED INTELLECTUAL ARCHITECTURE FOR PRESERVATION OF POWER LAYER THAT IS CONSCIOUS
The ECACE with consciousness features is a 3-column and five architectures that are layered for representing
consciousness features in the societal and psychological realm on machines. The architecture is influenced by
SMCA (Vijay Kumar, 2008), EM-One (Singh, 2005) and CAMAL (Darryl, 2000).The robots show various degree of
skills which is incremental in which the layers of architecture shows. The simple responses such as for instance,
avoids striking the wall, avoid hurdles displays in the first system for a particular level. In the second system
which is reactive in nature and indicates conscious features like thoughtfulness, classification, awareness
conscious features in a particular level. In a third BDI layer which develops a desire, Intension set for the robot
that drives the control system in a particular level. The following layer is conscious layer which indicate the level
that is greatest or multifaceted reasoning jobs which requires conscious thinking and choice making. The design of
this architecture is employed for building control system works effectively both in economical environments as
well as in collective environments which are coordinated. In a economical environments robots compute &
coordinate with each other to accumulate maximum resources in a minimum time duration. ECACE model has
reflexive, reactive, deliberative, swarm intelligence and consciousness layers. The representative that is reflexive
layer that is reflexive behaviour of action in line with the environmental conditions. The agent that is reactive the
goal is shown by the reactive layer oriented behaviour. The representative of this layer far more focus on the
objectives hence shows actions being reactive as shortest path, coordinated actions in between representative and
parameters in the environment. The representative that is deliberative amounts will be more concentrated by in a
position to have control of its state that is internal and concentrated towards the goal. Swam agents certainly are a
true number of agents collectively performing the job.
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Agents only in that layer display the inspiration and coordination. The conscious cognitive tasks are characterized
by conscious access, conscious thinking and conscious control monitoring of self-behaviour [27]. The conscious
mind is a result of psychological processes that are running on psychological demonstrations of ongoing events to
display behaviour The BDI model is linked towards the known level that is deliberative of architecture.
Fig. 1. Design of Conscious Layer in ECACE architecture using SMCA ((Dr.Vijayakumar, 2008)
The metrics used by the representative that is BDI emotional and goal oriented behaviour, decision factors which
can be made. The BDI agents control its pattern of behaviour with regards to time and effort.
IV. COGNITIVE CYCLES OF ECACE AGENTS
The sense-plan-act cycles of ECACE robots were created with 2 levels: conscious period and conscious period that
is intellectual .In a new environment the robots tend to be more conscious and environment is discovered. In fig 2,
the robot adopts to perform conscious tasks, the cycles which is intellectual shows the different phases of
cognitive cycle. The input is got by the robot through the sensor system which is for the time being kept in sensor
buffer. For recognizing the input signals the inputs are placed. When they are observed they will be interpreted to
know just how these inputs are handled to attain the goals.
Fig. 2. Cognitive cycle of Conscious tasks of an agent

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thinking is performed to select among the choices out of numerous possibilities. The sequence of action is better
selected and executed by the robot. A better outcome is achieved when the feedback of those actions that is
present is affected by the performance of the robot.
A: Strategies for Conscious Agents
The conscious agents are defined with set of strategies that are chosen to execute so as to accomplish the goals.
The strategies enable agents to handle dynamic situations by perceiving the current state of the external world.
The strategies included are energy focused, threat focused or both.
Conscious strategy 1 (CST1)
Strategy=”Move to a nearest food unit to maximize energy-level”
Motivation: To increase energy (Agent)
Precondition: Energy (Agent) <40 units
Predict_energy_required (Preferred-food)>Energy (Agent)
CST1 is a strategy adopted by an agent when its energy level is going below the defined threshold. The agent’s
motivation is to increase its energy level by consuming the nearby food that gives higher energy. This strategy
predicts the energy required to reach the preferred parameter by calculating the distance and energy per move.
Hence, it involves cognitive abilities such as depiction, imagination or prediction.
Conscious strategy 2 (CS T 2)
Strategy =”Collect maximum number of food”
Motivation: To increase Stored_ Energy (Agent)
Precondition: Energy (Agent)>40 units
The strategy shown in Fig 2, demonstrates self-consciousness, and attention in agents.
Conscious Strategy 3 (CST3):
This strategy is used by agents to optimize their energy consumptions by learning their experiences. The agent
switches to this strategy when it experiences a sudden drop in its energy level, as it is aware of energy consumed
for a normal move. The agent experiences phenomenological sensation of tiredness and this experience enables it
to learn and store that grid location in its knowledge base. The agent can choose a different behavior when it
encounters the same grid next time.
Conscious strategy 3 (CST 3)
Strategy=”Learn and avoid trap points”
Motivation: To avoid energy drop (Agent)
Precondition: Consumed_energy (Agent, X,Y)>2 units →Learn (trap(X,Y))
If grid(X,Y) is trap(X,Y)
Conscious Strategy 4 (CST4)
This strategy shown in Figure is used by an agent when the threat-level is low. It makes an agent maintain energy
level and store food for future consumption. The agent shows reactiveness to ore as long as the threat-level is low.
This strategy has attention, self-consciousness, prediction as cognitive abilities.
Conscious strategy 4 (CST 4)
Strategy: “Collect maximum ore and be consciously aware of threat”
Motivation: To survive
Precondition: Distance_to_attacker (Agent)>2 grids
B Energy-Conscious Control System algorithm
STEP1: Select the agents with agents strategies (Conscious Belief set)
STEP2: Consciousness agents have self-awareness in their internal states such as belief, desire and intentions
(BDI).
STEP3: The consciousness agents dynamically change their attention switching in conscious agents.
STEP4: The deliberative agents converted to conscious agents adopting the learning method to memorize the
experience
(1)Metabolism > Low,
Searches the nearest medicine to collect to lower the metabolism by their reactive mechanism. Uses the
Reactive Medicine,
Find the nearest Medicine by their distance,
Select the direction towards nearest Medicine,
Move towards Medicine direction | left| right |Up| down.
(2)Energy Level <= 40 (Threshold value)
The agent desire to move towards to fungus to avoid the hunger condition or their death (Physiological
oriented) uses the Reactive Fungus, Finds the nearest Fungus by distance formula,
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Select the direction towards nearest fungus,
Move towards Fungus type direction | left| right |Up| down.
(3)Energy Level > 40 (Threshold value)
Reactive Ore (Goal based behaviour move towards nearest Ore)
Find the nearest Ore
Select the direction towards Ore.
Move towards Resource direction | left| right |Up| down.
STEP5: Switches to belief desire intention agents for agents performance
STEP6: The deliberative agents broken down the reflexive and the reactive behaviours
STEP7: Reach the goal
STEP8: If energy level is below threshold and no-food parameters in the perceptual range then move to explore
food
STEP9: If energy level is 0 the agent dies
V. EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULT DISCUSSION
A. Experiments with ECACE
The agents into the environment interact, showing control that is notably different and methods. The agents
within ECACE architecture demonstrate activities for their, thinking, decision making, problem self-reflection and
resolution. The behaviour that is representative be analysed by making use of many metrics. The metrics and this
can be an interaction that is major environment, agents along with its parameters, competition with regards to
variety of diamonds as well as the energy utilization at every cycle.
B. TESTBED SETUP
The heading of the Acknowledgment section and the References section must not be numbered.
The ambient testbed is implemented using SWI-Prolog 6.6.4.The Ambient testbed experiments include cognitive
and psychological aspects on the architecture. The testbed is created to have dynamic parameters as shown in the
figure3. There are four buttons created. Definition button is used to select all the parameters and agents, configure
the agent’s initial energy and number of cycles to perform. Exp button is used to start the experiment where an
agent starts the assigned task in the environment. Movement is a continuous process. Cycle button is used to see
agents every move only on click. Each time the cycle button has to be clicked for agent to move. Quit button is used
to exit from the graphical user interface (GUI).
Fig. 3. Simulation Testbed of Conscious Layer in ECACE architecture

The experiment outcomes show the performance of these agents which is swarming ambient environment. The
results will show that communication alone is not sufficient for individual performance in a mixed group, but
perhaps the behaviour of a person plays the role motivation. The outcomes of these experiments provide the
cornerstone solution or a solution that is partially the problems stated in this paper ECACE architecture is made to
always check exactly how individual agents will act in friends, how agents' behaviour will have an affect the team
performance. Agent behaviour is analyzed utilizing various metrics like competition, life expectancy together with
a connection that is social respect for the environment and its parameter. The simulation shows the interaction
that is complex different variety of agents, agents' behavior with respect to make use of of power and time for you
to make decisions. The ECACE email address details are simulated for
1. Performance of swarm agents with respects to quantity of diamonds collected.

2. The life expectancy of swarm agents with regards to number of rounds lived.
3. The energy distribution of swarm agents: at each and every cycle how agent’s power is getting reduced as well
as for use of meals how energy of on agents is getting increased.
4. Comparison of performance of agents and thus concluding the extremely motivated agent much less
representative that is inspired.
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The cycle is fixed for the agents. Here to test the number of rounds considered is 500 and energy that is initial
each representative is 100 units. Wide range of meals considered is 25 pieces and diamonds 25 pieces. Each
representative is experimented for the period that is same exact same initial energy, same resources like metals
and diamonds. The input value of every parameter defines the configuration file. The output file provides the
details of each agent. Based on the information being statistically for every agent, the experiments are carried out.
The following statistics had been gathered: life expectancy, diamonds gathered to compare a result of each agent.
The agent’s performance that is totally calculated predicated on range diamonds gathered and centered on
endurance. The experiments conducted many amount of times, by taking into consideration the input that is same.
The results which can be final are considered by firmly taking top data out of the test carried out. The data is going
to be plotted regarding the sheet that excels. Then graphs are created.
VI. RESULTS DISCUSSION
A. Performance of consciousness in Swarm-ore and crystal versus BDI Ore versus Reactive Ore Agent
.
Fig 4: Performance Evaluation of Reactive verse BDI verse swarm Agents ore
Fig 5: Performance Evaluation of Reactive verse BDI verse swarm Agents crystal
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The consciousness in swarm-crystal agent’s collects 89% of crystal as compared to BDI- crystal (BDI with goal
towards ore) agents collect 84% of ore (resource) and 55% of ore collected by the reactive agent.
B: Study Two (Experimentation on BDI models)
As shown in Fig 6, consciousness in Swarm agent manages to live up to 490 life cycles as compared to BDI agent
manages to live up to 438 life cycles. The consciousness in swarm agent shows a complete control mechanism in
managing an energy level of 50 (assigned threshold or decision variable) compared to BDI agent (CAMAL) as 40
energy level, and trying to manage the same line for the maximum time of its life cycle. The agents will exhibit
optimal decision making capabilities near the decision boundary. The life expectancy of the two types of agents is
shown below. The cognition (reflexive-learner) agent manages to live up to 110 life cycles in a fungus world
environment.
Fig 6 The Life Expectancy of Cognition versus BDI Agents

C: BDI and Reflexive-learner
Fig 7 Fungus and Ore Collection
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The resource (ore, golden ore and crystal) collection of the simple cognition, BDI agents and consciousness in
Swarm agents is as follows: cognition agents managed to collect 12 pieces of ore, BDI agents managed to collect 95
pieces of ore and consciousness in Swarm agents manages to collect 99 pieces of ore. Graph 8.5 illustrates agent
decision making capability at the threshold value. If an agent acquires more than the threshold or predicted
energy level, then agent tries to collect ore. If the agent has a lack of energy, then it collects fungus, from their
hunger condition. Fig 7 shows the fungus consumption rate of cognition, BDI agents and consciousness in Swarm
agent in their lifetimes. The cognition(reflexive-learner) agent managed to collect 6 pieces of fungus , BDI agent
are managed to collect 74 pieces of fungus and the consciousness in swarm agents managed to collect 89 pieces of
fungus. As Graph 7 illustrates, in the initial stages, the (reflexive-learner) cognition agent and the BDI agent was
found to collect more fungus than the consciousness in Swarm agent. The consciousness in Swarm agent was not
concerned about fungus in this stage. Agents in the initial stage born energy with medium metabolism. The
consciousness in Swarm agent collects the medicine to decrease metabolism. Agents, once they achieved low
metabolism by collecting required medicine, then it does not concerned about medicine.
VII. COMPARISON OF ENERGY CONSERVATION EVALUATION IN SWARM, AND CONSCIOUSNESS
To compare the results for each agent, the following statistics were collected: life expectancy, fungus consumption
(including standard fungus, small fungus and bad fungus), ore (standard ore and golden ore), crystal collected and
metabolism. The life expectancy or age of the agent is noted, along with the agent’s death (or age after the end of
the maximum cycles or time). The agent’s total performance will be calculated by amount of resources (ore,
golden ore and crystal) collected, and based on life expectancy. Three sets of experimental combinations were
created: (1) reactive versus deliberative or BDI agents; (2) experiments on BDI models; and (2) cognition, BDI,
and metacontrol versus metacognition. The consequence of the energy is shown by this graph of every
representative at every period. Each agent gets the charged power that is predetermined. Age 100 devices. The
setup opportunity for energy move of a representative, the agent loses its energy by two products. All agents start
with energy 100 devices. The end result states the agents that are deliberative to reside in 366 rounds away from
500 than reflexive with 111 rounds and reactive with 66 rounds. An agent that is a deliberative exhibited option
that is optimal abilities nearby the option boundary.
Table 1: Energy conservation evaluation to 10 numbers
Number of repetitions Swarm intelligence Consciousness
1 1 1.5
2 1.5 1.7
3 3.5 3.7
4 4.5 5.1
5 5.6 6.1
6 6.6 7.1
7 7.2 7.6
8 8.3 8.7
9 9.3 9.5
10 10.4 10.7
Fig 8 : Energy conservation graph of swarm intelligence and conscious
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Table 2 :Energy conservation evaluation for Number of repetitions to 20 numbers
Number of repetitions Swarm intelligence Consciousness
1 1.3 1.5
2 1.5 1.7
3 3.5 3.7
4 4.5 5.1
5 5.6 6.1
6 6.6 7.1
7 7.2 7.6
8 8.3 8.7
9 9.3 9.5
10 10.4 10.7
11 11.3 11.6
12 12.2 12.5
13 13.1 13.4
14 14.2 14.3
15 15.2 15.5
16 16.2 16.4
17 17.2 17.4
18 18.3 18.5
19 19.2 19.5
20 20.3 20.6
Fig 9 : Energy conservation graph of swarm intelligence and conscious

The performance is evaluated using the SMCA architecture the above shows that the ECACE architecture with
addition of conscious agents increase the conservation of energy. The conscious mind is a result of psychological
processes of ongoing events to exhibit very good behaviour in the performance of the given tasks.
VIII. CONCLUSIONS RESULTS DISCUSSION
This paper provides an approach to develop models that is cognitive demonstrating consciousness and good
judgment actions. The proposed cognitive architecture (ECACE with conscious layer) has 5 layers and 3 columns
with micro behaviours at the cheapest levels such as reflexive and a reactive layer. The layer that is deliberative
goal oriented BDI model for agents. The top layer is consciousness layer to sense with high degree intelligence.
The agents build guidelines as knowledge in conscious cycle that is intellectual learning stage. This knowledge is
learnt on constant execution which is moved into transient memory stored as semantic associations. This paper
has provided a strategy to create a control system of various amounts and proposed algorithm. This paper has
provided a couple of test instances, situations which can be experimentally demonstrated to measure the
performance of ore and crystal collection, fungus avoidance and life expectance in the conservation of energy for
cognitive architecture.Futher this paper is enhance with commonsense in proposed ECACE with conscious layer.
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International Research Journal of Computer Science (IRJCS) ISSN: 2393-9842

Issue 01, Volume 6 (January 2019) www.irjcs.com

SWARM INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES WITH

Fig. 2. Cognitive cycle of Conscious tasks of an agent

Fig. 3. Simulation Testbed of Conscious Layer in ECACE architecture

1. Performance of swarm agents with respects to quantity of diamonds collected.

Fig 6 The Life Expectancy of Cognition versus BDI Agents

Fig 7 Fungus and Ore Collection

Fig 8 : Energy conservation graph of swarm intelligence and conscious

Fig 9 : Energy conservation graph of swarm intelligence and conscious

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