Академический Документы
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CONTENTS
V. Reserved
XII. Reserved
XIII. Reserved
XIV. References
A. General Considerations
The main equipments for the building’s electrical system are the transformers and
generator sets. The sizes of these equipments are determined during the schematic
design stage, which depend on load estimate calculation. The load estimate is derived
from load densities defined for areas in each type of the building to be designed, which
depends on the nature of the building and its corresponding electrical requirement.
1. Transformers
Main transformer is sized based from load estimation after the application of
demand factor defined by the designing electrical engineer.
2. Generator Sets
Generator(s), on the other hand, is/are sized depending on building requirement;
that is, same size as the main transformer(s) if the building is intended to have
100% backup power. Also, generator sets are sized based on ‘standby’ rating.
Below are the common load groups that are considered in load estimation –
1. Lighting – Interior, exterior, normal, emergency.
2. Small Power Loads – Receptacle outlets, appliances.
3. Air-conditioning – Chillers, AHU’s, Fans, etc.
4. Plumbing and Sanitation – Domestic pumps, booster pumps, transfer pumps,
sump pump, water heaters.
5. Fire protection – Fire pumps, FDAS.
6. Transportation – Elevators, Escalators.
7. Food preparation – Cooking, refrigerating, dishwashing, ovens, etc.
8. Special Loads – Loads in theaters, etc
9. Miscellaneous loads – Auxiliary systems, etc
This design calculation standard will only address the following types of building –
1. Residential Buildings
2. Malls
3. BPOs
4. Hotels
1. Residential Buildings
The load considerations for residential buildings in terms of power are typically the
same – household loads and admin/common area loads.
2. Malls
Load density considerations for malls are – Retail loads (Food and Non-food), and
common area / admin loads.
For developments having a District Cooling System, the chiller loads are not
included in the building load estimation.
3. BPO Buildings
Design considerations for BPOs are different from typical office buildings. The
occupant density is higher for BPOs resulting from higher cooling and power
requirement. However, the design for BPO is often just ‘core-and-shell’, since
detailed design for tenant spaces are handled by tenants. Therefore, power
allotment for tenant units should be carefully considered to anticipate tenant
power requirement.
For developments having a District Cooling System, the chiller loads are not
included in load estimation.
4. Hotels
1. Residential Buildings
a. Residential Loads = Connected Load x 23% (for 62 units or more)
b. Admin / Common Area Loads = Connected Load x 70%
2. Malls
a. Retail Loads = Connected Load x 70%
b. Admin / Common Area Loads = Connected Load x 70%
3. BPO Buildings
a. Tenant Areas = Connected Load x 80%
b. Common Areas / Admin = Connected Load x 70%
4. Hotels
a. Hotel Unit Areas = Connected Load x 60%
b. Common Areas / Admin = Connected Load x 70%
A. Sizing of wires and cables shall be based from the following considerations:
1. Wire/cable sizing should be rated maximum of–
a. 100% for non-continuous (cyclic) loads.
b. 80% for continuous loads (loads that operate for 3hrs or more).
2. Wire/cable shall be sized to meet Code defined voltage drop limits at its
design load current.
a. Voltage Drop Considerations
Where:
VD = Voltage Drop
NV = Nominal Voltage at Source
I = 1.15* FLC for running condition or
I = LRC for starting condition
R = DC resistance ohm/305m
L = Feeder wire length
The allowable short circuit current for low-voltage thermoplastic (PVC) insulated
wire/cable is given by-
Where:
Isc = Allowable short circuit current
A = cross sectional area of copper conductors, mm2
t =time of short circuit current, seconds
K = 104.484, computed constant for thermoplastic copper conductor where
the rated wire operating temperature is 75 ˚C and the maximum short circuit
temperature is 150 ˚C
D. SIZING OF CONDUITS
Where:
D = interior diameter of conduit
d = diameter of conductor (wire)
n = number of conductors
According to PEC Table 9.1.1.1 the percent fill of (more than two) conductors in a conduit
should not exceed 40%.
Circuit Breakers shall be the standard overcurrent protective devices of equipment and
conductors for low voltage systems. Air Circuit Breakers shall be used for main
switchgears and synchronizing panels. Molded Case Circuit Breakers shall be used for
distribution, power, and lighting panelboards.
1. The next higher size of circuit breaker above the ampacity of the conductors
being protected shall be permitted up to 800A circuit breaker rating except –
a. The conductors being protected supply branch circuit muti-outlet
receptacles.
b. The conductors being protected supply motor branch circuit.
2. Where the circuit breaker exceeds rating over 800A, the ampacity of the
conductor it protects shall be equal or greater than the rating of the circuit
breaker.
3. The interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker shall be greater than the
maximum available three-phase short circuit current.
V. Reserved
A. Lighting Circuits
1. Individual lighting circuit shall be sized on the maximum of 2500VA.
a. If not otherwise specified, each lighting fixture shall be assumed with a
minimum of 100VA rating.
b. A voltage drop not exceeding 3% shall be considered in each branch circuit.
2. Lighting circuit installation shall be in accordance with PEC.
3. Lighting system design criteria shall be based on Ayala Land Inc. Building
Standards.
VII. MOTOR ELECTRICAL DESIGN (NOT applicable for fire pump motor)
A. Motor Electrical System Design shall be based on the following considerations:
1. Size the branch circuit wire not less than 125% of the PEC-defined motor full load
current.
a. Since the operating temperature of motors is above 30°C (i.e., mostly 40°C) , the
branch circuit wire shall be coordinated to this temperature rating, by dividing the
PEC-defined motor full load current to the ambient temperature correction factor,
then sizing the branch circuit wire using this corrected ampacity.
2. Size the motor disconnect not less than 115% of the PEC defined motor full load
current. For uniformity, the size of motor disconnect shall be equal to the ampacity
of the branch circuit wire.
3. From PEC Table 4.30.4.2 size the Inverse time circuit breaker OCPD at 250% of
the PEC defined motor full load current.
4. Motor controller, including overload protection will be the scope of Mechanical /
Sanitary contractor, subject to Electrical Design Engineer’s review.
Table VII.1 Motor Electrical System Design, Sizing of Feeders and Circuit Breakers
Motor HP Full Load Currents, 3Φ SIZE OF WIRES SIZE OF ITCB
hp 230V 400V 460V 230V 400V 460V 230V 400V 460V
1/2 2.2 1.3 1.1 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 20AT 20AT 20AT
3/4 3.2 1.8 1.6 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 20AT 20AT 20AT
1 4.2 2.3 2.1 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 20AT 20AT 20AT
1 1/2 6 3.3 3 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 20AT 20AT 20AT
2 6.8 4.3 3.4 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 20AT 20AT 20AT
3 9.6 6.1 4.8 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 30 AT 20AT 20AT
5 15.2 9.7 7.6 5.5mm2 3.5mm2 3.5mm2 40 AT 30 AT 20AT
7 1/2 22 14 11 8.0 mm2 5.5mm2 3.5mm2 70AT 40 AT 30 AT
10 28 18 14 8.0 mm2 5.5mm2 5.5mm2 70AT 50 AT 40 AT
15 42 27 21 22 mm2 8.0 mm2 5.5mm2 100 AT 70AT 70AT
20 54 34 27 30 mm2 14 mm2 8.0 mm2 150 AT 100 AT 70AT
25 68 44 34 38 mm2 22 mm2 14 mm2 175 AT 125 AT 100 AT
30 80 51 40 38 mm2 30 mm2 22 mm2 200 AT 125 AT 100 AT
50 130 83 65 80 mm2 50 mm2 38 mm2 400 AT 200 AT 175 AT
60 154 103 77 100 mm2 50 mm2 38 mm2 400 AT 300 AT 200AT
75 192 128 96 150 mm2 80 mm2 50 mm2 500 AT 400 AT 250 AT
100 248 165 124 250 mm2 125 mm2 80 mm2 800 AT 500 AT 400 AT
125 312 208 156 2-125mm1 200 mm2 125 mm2 800 AT 600 AT 400 AT
150 360 240 180 2-150mm2 250 mm2 125 mm2 1000 AT 600 AT 500 AT
200 480 320 240 2-250mm2 2-125mm2 250 mm2 1200 AT 800 AT 500 AT
250 - 403 302 2-200 mm2 2-125mm2 1000 AT 800 AT
300 - 482 361 2-250mm2 2-150 mm2 1200 AT 1000 AT
1. Size the branch circuit wire not less than 125% of the motor – compressor rated –
load current or the branch – circuit selection current, whichever is greater.
a. Since the operating temperature of motors is above 30°C (i.e., mostly 40°C) , the
branch circuit wire shall be coordinated to this temperature rating, by dividing the
motor – compressor rated – load current to the ambient temperature correction
factor, then size the branch circuit wire using this corrected ampacity.
2. Size the motor disconnect not less than 115% of the motor – compressor rated –
load current. For uniformity, the size of motor disconnect shall be equal to the
ampacity of the branch circuit wire.
3. From PEC Table 4.30.4.2 size the Inverse time circuit breaker OCPD at 250% of
the motor – compressor rated – load current.
B. Fire Pump Electrical System shall be designed to meet the following requirements,
as defined in the Philippine Electrical Code:
2. The circuit components serving the fire pump must be chosen to withstand the
available short circuit current at the point of installation.
3. Fire pump feeder must be sized to have an ampacity of not less than 125% of the
full load current of the fire pump motor(s) and pressure maintenance motor(s),
considering –
a. The feeder conductor ampacity shall be corrected to coordinate with the
fire pump motor’s design ambient temperature.
b. The voltage at the fire pump controller terminal shall not drop more than
15% below nominal voltage during starting conditions.
c. The voltage at the fire pump controller terminal shall not drop more than
5% below the nominal voltage during running conditions when the motor
is operating at 115% of its full load current (capacity).
Table VII.1 Firepump Electrical System Design, Sizing of Feeders and Circuit Breakers
Firepump Motor
Full Load Locked Rotor Size of Maximum
Rated Size of Feeder
Current* Current 380V** OCPD Circuit Length
Horsepower
hp Amp Amp AT sq.mm. m
20 34 204 200 30 300
25 44 264 250 30 300
30 51 306 300 30 300
40 66 396 400 50 300
50 83 498 500 50 300
60 103 618 600 60 300
75 128 768 800 80 300
100 165 990 1000 125 400
125 208 1248 1200 200 400
150 240 1440 1600 250 400
200 320 1920 2000 2-150 500
250 403 2418 3000 2-200 500
*Based from PEC 4.30.14.4
**Assumed 6-times the motor full load current
A 150hp Nema Design B fire pump motor has a full load current of 240Amp. Its
associated pressure maintenance pump is rated 5hp having a full load current of
9.7Amp. The maximum ambient operating temperature is 40°C. The power supply is
400V, 3Φ, 60hz.
And so, the minimum ampacity of feeder conductors is 312A. Correcting the
conductor ampacity to 40°C by dividing 0.88, we yield 354A. Using 75˚C
temperature rating of 600V rated building wires; a 250mm2 copper conductor is
the minimum size as per PEC Table 3.10.1.16
Using the above formula, the feeder wire, 200mm2 copper conductor, must not
exceed 200m length to satisfy both motor starting and running voltage drop
limitations.
And so, the total locked rotor current is 1,498A, assuming Nema Design B code
F. The next higher standard size of OCPD (circuit breaker) and ATS is
1600AF/AT
1. The size of the capacitor bank should be able to correct system power factor
from 0.8 to 0.95.
2. The ampacity of the capacitor feeder conductor shall not be less than 135% of
the rated current of the capacitor.
3. The capacitor bank shall be provided with a means of discharging stored energy.
4. Capacitor bank specification must consider harmonic in selecting the type of
capacitor, and contactor switches.
Table VIII.1 Capacitor Bank Sizing based from Main Transformer Sizes
Nominal Transformer Power Factor Before Power Factor After Nominal Capacitor
Rating Compensation Compensation Bank Rating
300 0.8 0.95 100
500 0.8 0.95 150
750 0.8 0.95 250
1000 0.8 0.95 300
1500 0.8 0.95 450
2000 0.8 0.95 600
2500 0.8 0.95 750
3000 0.8 0.95 900
Discharge Resistor
Capacitor Bank
Also,
Sin Φ1 = Q1/S
Q1 = S*sinΦ1
Q2 = S*sinΦ2
And so, the rating of the capacitor is 300kVAR. Selecting capacitor sensitivity of 5%-
15%, provide 6 – steps of 50kVAR.
PANEL : DP-TEMPLATE MAIN CIRCUIT BREAKER : 100 AF 80 AT, 3-POLE, CENTER MAIN
FED FROM : (ENCODE PANEL SOURCE) MAIN FEEDER SIZE : Y4 (SEE WIRING LEGEND)
SYSTEM VOLTAGE : 230 VOLTS
3-Pole Main
Circuit Breaker
to 230V single-phase
Loads
ΦA ΦB ΦC N
G
XII. Reserved
XIII. Reserved
XIV. References
Prepared by:
Nathaniel S. Acosta
Technical Services Engineer