HYDROLOGY

An Advanced Introduction to
Hydrological Processes and Modelling

ARVED J. RAUDKIVI
Ph.D., Dipl.-Ing. (hons.), F.I.C.E., F.N.Z.I.E.
Pro/essor of Q'viJ Engineering
University of Auckland
New Zealand

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Copyright© 1979 A. J. Raudkivi

All Bights Reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic.
electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopy­
ing, recording or otherwise, without permission in
writing from the publishers
First edition 1979

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Raudkivi, Arved Jaan
Hydrology.
1. Hydrology
I. Title
551.48 GB661.2 79-40857
ISBN 0-08-024261-8

in order to make this volume available as economical­

ly and as rapidly as possible the author's typescript
has been reproduced in its original form. This method
has its typographical limitations but it is hoped that
they in no way distract the reader.

Printed and bound in Great Britain by

William Clowes (Beccles) Limited, Beccles and London
 PREFACE
"A net is a collection of holes held
together by a piece of string"
In the following text a collection of topics are strung together in the hope that
these will form a sufficiently well-defined net, an interconnected framework of the
elements of applied hydrology. However, since hydrology is the study of all aspects
of water, no one book will satisfy the needs of everybody. The text is orientated
towards discussion of the hydrological processes and methods of estimation of the
various quantities involved. It has grown out of twenty years of teaching hydro­
logy and water resources engineering to civil engineering students, and has been gui­
ded by the conviction that it is important for engineers to understand the physics
of the processes involved before they get engrossed in the methodology of calcula­
tions. Gross errors in design and planning can be avoided only if the designer un­
derstands the hydrological processes and their interactions. The book has been
written for senior and postgraduate students, but it is hoped that it will also be
of value to the practitioner. The topics are developed to a stage from where the
student should be able to advance on his own. Some sections have material which
may be considered too specialized, and there are topics which have been omitted or
only briefly referred to, for example, methods of river gauging and field measure­
ment in general, field surveys and hydrological mapping. Of particular importance
among the omitted material, and complexity, are the remote sensing techniques, such
as the many forms of aerial photography by aircraft and satellites, microwave, nu­
clear and chemical methods of mapping, magnetic surveys and the associated data
handling and data processing methods. The more specialized sections of the book
may be omitted in the initial study and for the techniques of measurement the rea­
der is referred to the existing literature. Techniques of problem solving which ex­
ploit the pocket calculator or the computer are adaptations of the principles and
therefore not part of this treatment. I have also refrained from including pages
of problems. These tend to be artificial and sterile. I believe that the teacher
should set problems which are related to local conditions. This creates interest
and shows the relevance of the study. In the same spirit the student could formu­
late his own problems, a process which is at least as instructive as the solving of
ready-made problems. There is a place for a book of problems in which the majority
of the problems are solved as examples and the solutions are explained in detail.
Such a book would be a useful aid to teaching but, in my opinion, would form a sepa­
rate volume.

The book draws together contributions from many authors and I wish to thank them all.
I have attempted to give source references to the material used, both as acknowledge­
ment and as a source for further study. Any omissions which might be found are un­
intentional and I offer my apologies in advance. I would also like to thank all
the individuals and organizations who helped me with information, data, references
and comments.

The support provided during the closing stages of this work by the Deutsche Forsch­
ungsgemeinschaft, SFB 80, of the Federal German Republic is gratefully acknowledged.

Finally, I would like to record my appreciation of the help given witn proof reading
by my family and to thank my wife for typing the manuscript in its many modified
versions.

A.J.R.
Auckland, N.Z. Jan. 1978

ix
Other Titles of Interest

BISWAS
Hydrology — A History, 2nd Edition
United Nations Water Conference: Summary
and Main Documents
Water Development and Management (4 volumes)
GOLUBEV& BISWAS
Interregional Water Transfers: Problems and
Prospects
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON IRRIGATION
AND DRAINAGE
Application of Systems Analysis to
Irrigation, Drainage and Flood Control
RAUDKIVI
Loose Boundary Hydraulics, 2nd Edition
TEBBUTT
Principles of Water Quality Control, 2nd Edition
YALIN
Mechanics of Sediment Transport, 2nd Edition

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 -r *«£~^

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