13.

The accompanying data resulted from an experiment to compare the effects of vitamin
C in orange juice and in synthetic ascorbic acid on the length of odontoblasts in guinea
pigs over a 6-week period (“The Growth of the Odontoblasts of the Incisor Tooth as a
Criterion of the Vitamin C Intake of the Guinea Pig,” J. of Nutrition, 1947: 491–504). Use
the Wilcoxon rank-sum test at level .01 to decide whether true average length differs for
the two types of vitamin C intake. Compute also an approximate P-value.

Test
Null hypothesis H₀: η₁ - η₂ = 0
Alternative hypothesis H₁: η₁ - η₂ ≠ 0
W-Value P-Value
135.00 0.026

We do not have enough statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis. We conclude that
there is not enough statistical evidence that indicates that any difference btween the two
types of vitamin C intake
15. The article “Measuring the Exposure of Infants to Tobacco Smoke” (New Engl. J. of
Med., 1984: 1075–1078) reports on a study in which various measurements were taken both
from a random sample of infants who had been exposed to household smoke and from a
sample of unexposed infants. The accompanying data consists of observations on urinary
concentration of cotanine, a major metabolite of nicotine (the values constitute a subset of
the original data and were read from a plot that appeared in the article). Does the data
suggest that true average cotanine level is higher in exposed infants than in unexposed
infants by more than 25? Carry out a test at significance level .05

Unexposed Exposed Exposed

+25
8 35 60
11 56 81
12 83 108
14 92 117
20 128 153
43 150 175
111 176 201
 208 233
Test
Null hypothesis H₀: η₁ - η₂ = 0
Alternative hypothesis H₁: η₁ - η₂ > 0
W-Value P-Value
33.00 0.997

We do not have enough statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis. We conclude that
there is not enough statistical evidence that indicates that the mean concentration level for
exposed infants is more tan 25 higher than the mean for unexposed infants.