4/15/2011

Practice
UT Code Code Practice Name Basic Scenario Practice Standard Definition
P371UT 371 Air Filtration and Poultry operation or other A device or system for
Scrubbing indoor animal operation reducing emissions of air
within Utah where air quality contaminants from a structure
issues, especially ammonia via interception and/or
emissions, are a concern. collection.

PURPOSE
To control gaseous and
particulate air emissions from
ventilated structures by inertial
collection, filtration,
electrostatic collection,
adsorption, scrubbing, and/or
bioremoval. Specifically, this
practice standard can be used
to reduce emissions of the
following air contaminants that
contribute to air quality
resource concerns:

·         Direct emissions of
particulate matter
·         Volatile organic
compounds (VOCs)
·         Ammonia
·         Odorous sulfur
compounds
·         Methane
CONDITIONS WHERE
PRACTICE APPLIES
This practice applies to any
agricultural operation that
includes a naturally or
mechanically ventilated
structure from which the air
contaminants identified in the
Purpose section above may
be emitted
 Associated Practices
591-Amendments for Treatment of Agricultural Waste
Cost Data
Typical Implementation Scenario
Biofilters are necessary after conducting an on-farm odor assessment to identify opportunities for managing odors from the farming operation. Recourse concerns
include various air quality issues, especially emissions of ammonia. This practice is particularly appropriate for poultry operations confined to sheds.

#NAME?

Area Applicable to: Statewide

Unit for Cost Estimate: 1,000 CFM

Practice Life (Years): 1
Discount Rate (%/Year): 5% Cost/Unit

Materials $19.27
Use biofilters on enclosed structures to treat exhausts (New Installation)

Unit for Cost Estimation: 1,000 CFM - Cubic Feet per Minute
Installation cost ($/1,000 cfm air moved): $200
Equipment Life (Years): 15
Amortized Cost ($/1000 cfm/Year): $19.27

Summer Ventilation Requirements

Facility Type per animal space (cfm) 1,000 CFM
Nursery 35
Finishing 120
Gestation 150
Farrowing 500
Broiler 7
Dairy 335

Equipment/Installation $0.00
Equipment incorporated into materials cost

Labor $0.00
Labor incorporated into materials cost

Mobilization $0.00
N/A

Operation & Maintenance (Annual) $10.00

Use biofilters on enclosed structures to treat exhausts (Existing Unit, O&M)
Unit for Cost Estimation: 1,000 CFM
Operation and management costs of biofilter ($/1,000cfm/Yr)*: $10

* O&M costs for the biofilter include the increased electrical cost used to blow the air through the biofilter, moisture additions to the biofilter
medium with a water sprinkling system, and the replacement of the medium every three to five years.

Acquisition of Technical Knowledge $0.00

N/A

Forgone Income (Annual) $0.00

NA

Risk $0.00
NA

Administration & Permit Costs $0.00

NA
Total Cost Estimate: $29.27

Associated Practices:
591-Amendments for Treatment of Agricultural Waste
Cost Data
Typical Implementation Scenario
Scrubbers are necessary after conducting an on-farm odor assessment to identify opportunities for managing odors from the farming operation. Recourse concerns include various air
quality issues, especially emissions of ammonia. This practice is particularly appropriate for poultry operations confined to sheds.

#NAME?

Area Applicable to: Statewide

Unit for Cost Estimate: 1,000 CFM

Practice Life (Years): 1
Discount Rate (%/Year): 5% Cost/Unit

Materials $0.39
Use a wet or dry scrubber or bioscrubber on enclosed structures to treat exhausts (new installation)
Unit for Cost Estimation: CFM
Scrubber type: Wet H2S
Installation cost ($/cfm air moved): $4.00
Equipment Life (Years): 15
Amortized Cost ($/cfm/Year): $0.39

Equipment/Installation $0.00
Equipment incorporated into materials cost

Labor $0.00
Labor incorporated into materials cost

Mobilization $0.00
N/A

Operation & Maintenance (Annual) $16.00

Use a wet or dry scrubber or bioscrubber on enclosed structures to treat exhausts(Existing Unit, O&M)
Unit for Cost Estimation: CFM
Operation and management costs of scrubber ($/cfm/Yr)*: $16.00

* O&M costs for the scrubber include the increased electrical cost and moisture management.

Acquisition of Technical Knowledge $0.00

N/A

Forgone Income (Annual) $0.00

NA

Risk $0.00
NA

Administration & Permit Costs $0.00

NA

Total Cost Estimate: $16.39

Associated Practices:
Biofilters

The University of Minnesota has seemingly done the most research with agricultural installations of biofilters, so I te
The first document linked below is the latest (2004) version of their biofilter design information, including costs.  I w
cfm basis for costing.

http://www.manure.umn.edu/assets/baeu18.pdf
See page 15 for cost info
Recommend $200/1000 cfm (construction), $10/1000 cfm/yr (annual O&M)
For retrofit, could use $225/1000 cfm (construction), $12.50/1000 cfm/yr (annual O&M)

http://www.lpes.org/Lessons/Lesson41/41_3_Odor_Buildings.pdf
See page 13 for cost info
Uses $100/1000 cfm (construction), $20/1000 cfm/yr (annual O&M) as default numbers

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/dir1/fbiorect.pdf
See page 12 for cost info (note:  these costs are for more industrial-type applications, are higher, and may not be repr
applications)

Scrubbers

I would put scrubber cost on a $/1000 cfm basis, like that for biofilters.  There currently isn’t much cost or control da
scrubbers, so I think we may have to rely on EPA’s industrial installation data (link below).

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/products.html
Fact sheets for various types of air pollution control devices (mainly industrial)

Focused on Fiber Bed, Impingement Plate/Tray-Tower, Packed-Bed/Packed-Tower, and Spray-Chamber/Spray-Towe
Costs (in 2002 dollars) ranged from:  $1-55/scfm (construction – recommend using $4/scfm from SCST scrubber ran
recommend using $16/scfm from SCST scrubber range)

Odor Control Method & Effectiveness

Covers
Biomass (straw, cornstalks, etc.)

Good odor control

Leca ™ rock

Concept is promising. Limited applications to date.
Plastic cover

Mixed odor control

Concrete Cover

Good odor control

Treatment
Oversized Anaerobic Lagoons

Good odor control

Purple Lagoon

Good odor control

Anaerobic digestion

Excellent odor control

Aeration

Excellent odor control

Additives

Depends on product... highly variable results.

Source: Modified from "Odor Control for Animal Agriculture" by Larry Jacobsen and David Schmidt, University of Minnesota,
 Description Cost Operation/Maintenance

Crop residue is Straw : about Generally applied in early

blown on 2¢/ ft2 + spring. Additional straw
surface of blower and may be added in mid-
storage units labor. summer as storage level
typically to a rises and open areas are
depth of 8 to exposed. Straw typically
Light weight, $1.50/ft2 Lifetime appears to be
volcanic rock several years. Care must
(pebble sized) be taken during agitation
 $1.50/ft2

(pebble sized) be taken during agitation

with hardcovers $1.00/ft2 for
Floating and pumping.
Plastic covers Field
should
and covers materials & easily last 5 to 7 years with
placed on tent installation. little maintenance.
like structures
Reinforced or High Potential
Concrete problems with
will last 20+
pre-stressed years with no
concrete in maintenance. Confined
below ground space creates life
Expanding size Site Producer must be willing to
of the dependent. maintain large permanent
permanent pool. Total seepage
pool in an through lagoon liner
aerobic lagoon increases with surface
provides a area of lagoon.
Photosynthetic No Cost Factors that allow some
purple bacteria lagoons to turn purple are
use sulfides poorly understood.
and volatile Growing testimonial
organic acids experience suggests that
for metabolic some non-purple lagoons
By controlling $50 to $75 per High maintenance
temperature of animal plus requirements and
anaerobic cost of manure knowledgeable operator is
processes, storage. essential for successfully
year-round operated system.
odor control is
Incorporates $5 to $10 per Electrical energy costs can
oxygen into animal (capital be impediment to this
manure cost) plus $1+ approach in many
through per animal situations.
mechanical marketed
aeration which (operating
Chemical or $0.50 - $1.00 Very little maintenance
biological per animal needed once product is
products either fed to animal or added to
fed to animal or manure.