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Proceedings

Regional Geoheritage Conference 2016

The 9Th Indonesia-Malaysia Conference

“Exotic Past for our Future”

Seminar Held on 24 November 2016

In Hotel Hyatt Regency Yogyakata, Indonesia

Field Trip Held on 25 November 2016

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 Table of Content

Committee
Preface
Table of Content

(O1) Geoheritage of Bau: An Important Geo-Area in the Roposed Sarawak Delta

Geopark 1
(O2) Strike Slip Deformation of the Post Cretaceous Period at the Genting-Klang
Quartz Ridge, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia 2
(O3) Magnificence Geological Phenomenon Along sg. Batu Pahat: Inspiring the
Jerai Geopark Initiative 14
(O4) Paleoclimatic Change Analysis Based on Stratigraphic Data, Jayapura and its
Surrounding Area, Jayapura District, Papua Province 16
(O5) Quantitative Assessment of Cave Stability Analysis at Gua Damai, Batu Caves,
Selangor 24
(O6) Kajian Potensi Geopark Gunung Penanggungan Kabupaten Mojokerto dan
Pasuruan, Provinsi Jawa Timur 34
(O7) Invontori Geotapak di Kedah Perancangan dan Pengurusan 41
(O8) Optimum Carrying Capacity Assessment Using Remote Sensing Approach in
Candi Ijo Geoheritage of Yogyakarta 42
(O9) Geoheritage of Bukit Panau, Kelantan 43
(O10) Kembangsongo Fault Zone: an Exposed Segment of the Regional Opak Fault
Proposed as A New Geosite 44
(O11) Geosites in Gua Musang Area, Kelantan: Potential for National Geoparks 45
(O12) Pengenalpastian dan Pembangunan Geotapak di Dalam Cadangan Jerai
Geopark 46
(P1) Conserving Local Mining as Geoheritage in the Region for Geosciences 49
(P2) Kajian Potensi Geopark Kawasan Karst Biduk-biduk Kabupaten Berau,
Kalimantan Timur 57
(P4) Geotapak di Gua Musang, Kelantan: Potensi untuk Geopark Kebangsaan 65
(P5) The Traditional Petroleum Well in Wonocolo Area as A Beautiful Education
Tourism Object 66

5
 PALEOCLIMATIC CHANGE ANALYSIS BASED ON STRATIGRAPHIC DATA,
JAYAPURA AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA, JAYAPURA DISTRICT, PAPUA
PROVINCE

C. Danisworo1
Achmad Subandrio1
Theodora Ngaderman2
Angelina Majesty Randa3
1
Geological Engineering Department, FTM, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
2
Geological Engineering Department, USTJ, Jayapura, Papua
3
Geological Engineering Department, UNIPA, Sorong, West Papua

ABSTRACT
Paleoclimatic changes occuring in Papua are very important to be recognized, particularly in
relation to the existence of permafrost snow covering The Jayawijaya Mountain. The study, which
is focussed on Jayapura Formation, was carried out by applying a mapping method, detailed
measuring sections, and petrography and micropaleontological analyses. Jayapura area has a
variety and very complex rocks, one of them is a sedimentary rock having carbonate chemical
composition, so called Jayapura Formation, which covers large enough of the studied area. A
limestone sample of Jayapura Formation taken from the Base G area indicates the existence of a
planktonic foraminifera fossils. By using these fossils content, the age of Pleistocene Epochs can
be decided. The limestone of Jayapura Formation was deposited in bathyal to abysal zones, an
open sea, where there was no more detrital (clastical) material from a continent, and showing that
from the Late Miocene to Pleistocene the environment of studied area changed from lithoral to
bathyal environments due to the sea level raising. Generally, this limestone uncoformably overlies
the serpetinite lithodem of metamorphic unit which is part of the Cycloop Metamorphic Group.
Taking a consideration of the right turning fossil, the climate during the formation of limestone
can be interpreted as a warm and wet climate. Furthermore, a few fossils found in the middle part
the limestone of Jayapura Formation shows a opposite turning. Therefore it is interpreted that
during the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene Epochs the limestone was sedimented in the cold
and dry climate. From the lithological development, the limestone generally consits of a
calselutite intercalated by a marl in the middle part. In the Mawesday area, Sarmi District, that is
the western part of the studied area, a paleoclimatic change during Plio-Pleistocene Epochs can
be recognized. The appearance of nannoplankton, Discoaster brouweri characterzises the end of
a cold climate. The Aurumi Formation containing claystone with coal intercalations demonstrates
a dry cold climate. Further study concerning a paleoclimatic change, specially in Papua, it is very
importance to be carried out, regarding Papua is one of two places along the equator where the
snow still exist covering the mountaineous area. Hopefully, the paleoclimatic changes especially
during Pleistocene Epoch, Quaternary Peiode, can be used to provocate or campaign in order to
protect or preserve the existence of snow covering Jayawijaya Maountain, in Papua.

Key words : Paleoclimatic change, Plio-Pleistocene Epoch, Plankton Foraminifera Fossil.

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INTRODUCTION
The climatic changes in the world have been occuring every periode, so that the reason
why the paleoclimatology becomes very importance to be studied. Paleoclimatologists
stated that climatic changes not only for this recent time occure, but it is already happened
in the past. In addition, according to Jame Hutton : “The present is the key to the past”,
but here in this study it will change the paradigm that “The past and the present are the
key to the future”.
The studied area is located along the beach of north and south of Jayapura (Figure 1). Jayapura
area comprise of very complex rocks, one of them is a calcareous sedimentary rock occupiying a
quite large area.
This second year study actually as a continuation of the first year study, concerning paleoclimate
analysis based on stratigraphy and micropaleontology analyses on the Jayapura and surrounding
area, Jayapura District, Papua Province. The first year study was carried out in Mawesday Area,
Sarmi District, Papua Provice. The methods used in this study are mapping, measuring sections,
taking samples to be observed in laboratory for petrographic, and micropaleontological analyses.
To understand paleoecology of the studied area was based on physical and biological aspects.
Paleoclimatic changings were controlled by paleoecological changings which are well recorded
in the rocks forming a stratigraphy of that area. By doing a detailed observation, stratigraphic and
profile type correlations are expected to have paleoecological and paleoclimatic recontruction.
Hopefully, results from other reseacher may support this paleoclimatic analysis.
A study concerning a paleoclimatic change, specially in Papua, it is very importance to
be carried out, regarding Papua is one of two places along the equator where the snow
still exist covering the mountaineous area. Further thorough paleoclimatic changing study
particularly in Quaternary Epoch can be used as reference to provocate or campaign
toward the Jayawijaya Mountain snow conservation, Papua.
Methods used in laboratory works were micropaleontological and petrographic analyses.
The micropaleotological analysis was carried out to recognzise sedimentation
environment and temperature of each sedimentary rock layer based on benthonic
foraminifera and coral fossils content discovered of each layer. While the petrographic
analysis was done to name the rock and to know foraminifera and a kind of coral fossils
content occured in thin sections.

GENERAL GEOLOGY
The plate tectonic settings of Papua have been discussed by geologists Charlton (1986), Dow
cs (1988) and Hall (2001)which can be applied for explaining the tectonic position and
history.
Because of interaction between the Indo-Australia continental plate tectonic and the
Pacific ocean plate tectonic, make the geological condition of the area became unique and
very complicated (Figure 2). The Papua tectonic evolution occured mostly most in the
Cenozoicum Era resulting Oblique Convergence or angular collision between Indo-
Australia tectonic Plate and Pacific Plate tectonic (Hall, R., 2012)

Stratigraphy of Jayapura Basin

Regionally, the stratigraphy of studied area compose of ophiolite line of Irian Jaya Group
and sedimentaries rock surrounding (Dow dan Sukamto, 1984, opcit Dow dkk., 1988). It
compose of Cycloop metamorphic Gorup (PTmc), Ultramafic (Um), and it surrounding
sedimentary rocks (Figure 3). Cycloop metamorphic Gorup (PTmc) comprise of schist,
locally gneiss, phyllite, amphibolite, marble, chlorite, biotite, and 50 cm thick quartz vein.

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Mafic (m) consist of gabro and diorite. This unit consist of gabro which is partly
breciated, a lot of plagioclase and ortho-clinopyroxene, tremolite-actinolite of altered
pyroxene, pyroxene inclusion olivine. Diorite as dyke in gabro and ultramafic, many
plagioclase, hornblende and quartz, a few of magnetite. This unit contact tectonically with
ultramafic unit, Makats Formation, and also Cycloop Metamorrph Group.
Numbay Formation (Tomn). This formation comprise of a limestone intercalated by
biomicrite, marl, fine sanstone, calcareous graywacke, tuff, locally intercalated by
calcarenite, and calcepelite. In the poorly bedded limestone and biomicrite, Lepidocyclina
sp., Amphistegina sp., Elphidium sp., Globorotalia sp., alfae, mollusca molusca can be
recoqnized indicating an age of Oligocene-Early Miocene.
Makats Formation (Tmm). This formation consist of a greywacke intercalation with
siltstone and claystone; marl and conglomerate intercalation; limestone lens; in the lower
part intercalated by tuff and volcanic brecia. The tuff consists of andesitic-basalt, well
bedded; fossils of Globorotalia sp., Globigerinoides sp., Miogypsina sp., dan Operculina
sp., found in this formation showingan age of Middle Miocene – Late Miocene.
Jayapura Formation (Qpj). This formation comprise of algae and coral limestone,
calseridite, calcarenite, locally chalky limestone, marly limestone, and marl, poorly
bedded, sporadical coral structure, intercalation of pelagic limestone. An open sea
sedimentation environment where there was no more continental detrital material, 400 m
thick, and was tilted about 700 m above a present sea level.
Alluvial and beach deposits (Qa). This unit consist of granule, pebble, sand, silt and
mud of swamp and beach deposit contain a recent coral detrital.

Stratigraphy of The Studied Area

Stratigraphically, the studied area can be subdivided into six units namely from the olderst
to the youngest as follow schist unit, ultramafic unit, Miocene limestone unit, marl unit,
Quaternay limestone unit, and aluvial deposit unit.

Schist Unit
This unit spreads about 10% of the studied area, covering Jaya asri and Varia area. This
unit consist of a green schist (Figure 4). Generally, the schist is weathered, poorly foliated,
colour change to greenish brown. Lithologically, this unit nay correlated to Pre-Tersiary
Cycloop Formation (pTmc (Suwarna dan Noya, 1995), and unconformably underlain
formations in that area.

Ultramafic Unit
This unit occupies about 15% of the studied area,, particulary in the Angkasa Indah untill northern
part of Base-G beach, comprising of serpentinite, pyroxenite and dunite. The pyroxeneite consist
of hyperstene and enstatite, chlorite, actinolite, tremolite, phlogopite having bird eyes texture,
quartz and a few iron oxides. Serpentined dunite consits of pyroxene, chlorite of altered pyroxene,
actinolite.
This unit was breciated, jointed, and serpentinized. In some places joints were filled with
asbestos, and chromite. Thick quartz veins are found in an outcrop. Based on lithologigal
aspct, this unit is coreellate to Ultramafik Formation (Um), which an age of Pre-Tersiary
(Suwarna and Noya, 1995), and unconformably to all Miocene limestone. Serpentinite
outcrop can partly be observed in the Base G beach. (Figure 5).

Miocene Limestone Unit

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This unit comprising of limestone occupies about 20% of the studied area, particulary in
the western part of Abepura area toward south-east parts. The limestone characterized by
the present of block, detrital, fracture and crack forming a boulder blocks and poorly
bedded (Figure 6), greyish white, granular, porous, and open fabric. Based on texture and
physical aspecta, the limestone was sedimented in a high energy and a sytabil carbonate
environment. Lithologically, this unit correlate to Numbay Formation (Tomn) having an
age of Eocene until Late Meocene (Suwarna dan Noya, 1995). It is interpreted that this
Miocene limestone unit was sedimented in shallow marine till rather deep sea
environment. This unit unconformably overlay the Ultramafic Formation (Ultramafic
unit).

Marls Unit
This unit spreads about 15% of the studied area, particulary in the southtern part area i.e.
Abepantai and continue to the east till Nafri area. It compries an intercalation of marl and
limestone (Figure 7). The carboaceous marl has a grey colour, grain size of < 0,004 mm,
5 cm - 10 cm thick. Suwarna dan Noya (1995) stated that in the greyish white, granular,
porous, and open fabric limestone, large fotraminiferas track can be observed. This unit
has an age of Late Miocene (Te Upper-Tf Lower) and lithoral to continental environment.
Relation between this unit and Miocene limestone is regionally interfingering.

Quaternary Limestone Unit

This unit occupies about 25% of the studied area, particulary in the eastern part along
Teluk Yotefa beach, Polimak, and Argapura area. It consists of mainly poorly bedded
coral. The Pleistocene greyish white, massive Limestone Jayapura Formation (Qpj)
containing foraminifera and mollusca fossils (Figure 8), was deposited within open sea
environment and stratigraphic relation to older underlain rocks remain unknown
(Suwarna dan Noya, 1995).

Alluvial Deposit Unit

This unit occupies about 10% of the studied area, especially in the middle part of the Abepura
and Kotaraja area. It consists of unconsolidated deposits such as boulders, cobble, pebble, sand,
clay and mud of swamp. Boulders found along the river compose of a schist, gabro, and limestone
as deposition of detrital older rocks (Figure 9). According to Suwarna dan Noya (1995), this
alluvial deposit has an age of Holocene and unconformably overlay the older rocks.

DISCUSSION
A number of ten samples were analyised, seven of them are barren, but in another three
samples (AG05 top, AG05 middle, and AG05 bottom), plaktonic and benthonic
foreminifera fossils were found. Those fossils were discovered in a poorly bedded coral
of Jayapura limestone unit. Megascopically this liomestone is greyish white, massive, and
containing foraminifera and molusca fossils (Figure 10). Each of those three samples
contains a few number of planktonic foraminifera i.e. Orbulina universa, Globorotalia
tosaensis, Cassigerinella chipolensis, Sphaeroidinella subdehiscens, Sphaerodinella
dehiscens , Pulleniatina finalis, and Globorotalia tosaensis having an age of Pleistocene.
In sample AG05 top, benthonic foraminifera fossils were found i.e. Elphidium advenum,
Archaias ungulatus, and Nonionella atlantica characterizing a neritic bathymetric
environment. In sample AG05 middle, benthonic foraminifera fossils were found i.e.
Amphistegina lessonii and Cassidulina sublobosa displaying a neritic bathymetric

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environment. In adition, Cassidulina sublobosa fossils found in sample AG05 bottom
indicating a neritic bathymetric environment.
Marl unit was deposited in a litoral environment while the Quaternary limestone unit was
deposited in a neritic environment.

Taking consideration of those data it can concluded that there was a bathymetric
environment change to become deeper sea or a sea level raising due to the global climatic
changing from a cold to warm climates.
From the last year study at western part of the studied area (Danisworo, 2015) shows that
stratigraphy of Mawesday consist of Aurumi claystone unit, coal intercalations, Unk
tuffaceous sandstone unit, Mawesday alluvial deposit, and Mawesday beach deposits. A
climate factor play importance role to formation of fine grain size clastic sediments of
Aurumi coal intercalated claystone unit indicating a cold and dry climate. In contrary, a
coarse grain sedimentary rocks of Unk sanstone unit, Mawesday alluvial, and beach
deposit units pointing out the climate was warm and humid (Danisworo, 2015).

CONCLUSION
The studied area comprise of Cycloops Metamorph Group (PTmc), Ultramafic (Um), Numbay
Formation (Tomn), Makats Formation (Tmm), Jayapura Formation (Qpj), Alluium and Beach
Deposits (Qa). Stratigraphically, six units can divided in the studied area, from the oldest to
youngest units as follow Schist Unit, Ultamfic Unit, Miocene Limestone Unit, Marl Unit,
Quaternary Limestone Unit, and Alluvial Deposits.

Climatic changes from a warm to cold climates were recognized on Jayapura Basin,
which is correlated with Plio-Pleistocene Glaciation Events. Sedimentary
environments gradually changed parallel to sea level raising demonstrated by
discovering a cold climate living foraminifera fossils.
The changing of environmental bathymetry of benthonic foraminfera from bathyal to abysal at
Jayapura limestone unit indicating that sea level raising took place during in Plio-Pleistocene
Epoch.
Furthermore, at the western part of studied area, paleoclimatic changes from dry and cold
to wet and warm climates were also occure which most probably coinside with the Plio-
Pleistocene boundary.
Hopefully, the paleoclimatic changes especially during Pleistocene Epoch, Quaternary Peiode,
can be used to provocate or campaign in order to protect or preserve the existence of snow
covering Jayawijaya Maountain, in Papua.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We appreciate and thank to the Director of Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat,
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi, RI, for financial support to this study.

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