Therapeutic Nutrition Dr.

Manalo

NORMAL DIET  Soft diet or fiber-restricted diet

 Follows the food pyramid  Mechanical soft or dental soft diet
 Liquid diets
- clear fluid diet
- full fluid diet
 Formula feeding

I. SOFT DIET
 It represents the usual dietary step between the full
fluid and normal diet.
 Soft in consistency
 Easy to chew
 Made up of simple, easily digestible food
and contains no harsh fiber
 No rich or highly flavored food
 Used in acute infections, GI disturbances and
following surgery.
 It is nutritionally adequate when planned on the
basis of the normal diet.
 Maintains or restores good nutrition in a patient. Examples:
 Designated as regular, house, normal or full diet. All beverages
 Satisfies the nutritional needs for most patients. Cooked cereal
 Serves as the basis for planning modified diets. Canned fruit
Tender meat
The NORMAL DIET may be MODIFIED to: Cooked
1. Provide change in consistency (fluid or soft diet). vegetables
2. Increase or decrease energy values. Milk
3. Include greater or lesser amounts of 1 or more nutrients Potatoes
(eg. high protein and Sodium-restricted diets). Rice
4. Increase or decrease bulk (high and low fiber diets). Bread or rolls
5. Provide foods bland in flavor. Ice cream
6. Include or exclude specific foods (allergic condition). Pudding
7. Modify the intervals of feeding.
II. MECHANICAL SOFT DIET
NOMENCLATURE OF DIET  Mechanical soft or dental
 The nomenclature describes the modification in soft are the terms being
consistency, in nutrients, or in flavor (eg. Bland diet, used in some diet manuals
1200kcal diet…) to describe normal diet
 It is essential that the quantities be specified in the modifications that usually
diet prescription. suffice for individuals
Examples: without teeth.
 Diabetic Diet  Examples:
-245 gm carbohydrate, 70 gm protein, and  Meats should be
60 gm fat finely minced or
 Sodium-Restricted Diet ground.
-500 mg sodium diet  Soft breads are
substituted for crusty breads.
FREQUENCY OF FEEDING  Finely chopped vegetables, fruits, nuts
 Research has shown that more than 3 meals daily
may be desirable for some patients. III. LIQUID DIET
 When patient eats 5, 6 or more meals a day which  Fluid diets are used in:
are approximately balanced for fats, CHON and CHO:  Febrile states
a. Metabolic load at a given time is less  Postoperative conditions
b. Nutrients can be more effectively utilized  Inability to tolerate solid foods (nausea,
vomiting, abdominal distension, anorexia,
diarrhea)
ORAL DIETS  The degree to which these diets are adequate will
depend upon the type of liquids permitted.

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Therapeutic Nutrition Dr. Manalo

a. Clear Fluid Diet

 Liquid at any temp
 Usually used for 1
to 2 days post-op
 The amount of
fluid in a given feeding for
this diet is usually
restricted to 30-60 ml per
hour at first, with gradually
increasing amounts being
given as tolerated. Gastrostomy tube
 Examples:
 Tea with lemon and sugar
 Coffee
 Fat-free broth
 Carbonated beverages
 Strained fruit juices
 NO MILK PRODUCTS

b. Full-Fluid Diet

jejunostomy tube
 Liquid only at room and body temp
 It is indicated whenever a patient is acutely ill or is
unable to chew or swallow solid food.
 It includes all foods liquid at room and body
temperature.
 It is free from cellulose and irritating condiments.
 This diet can be used for relatively long periods of
time.
 However, iron is provided at inadequate levels.

IV. FORMULA FEEDING(2 mos. maximum only)

 For patients who can’t tolerate per orem feeding
 Should be fed thru tubes 2. Intravenous feeding
 CHARACTERISTICS of a GOOD FORMULA:  Used when it is necessary to rest the patient’s GIT
 nutritionally adequate  Glucose, amino acids, salts and vitamins are included
 well tolerated in the fluid
 easily digested a. Supplemental peripheral nutrition
 easily prepared b. Total parenteral nutrition can be given thru big
 inexpensive veins: Basilic vein or jugular vein in cachectic
 COMPLICATIONS: patients or those who cannot tolerate oral feeding
1. GIT complication- bloating, diarrhea, vomiting c. Peripheral parenteral nutrition
2. Metabolic- hyperglycemia, electrolyte
imbalance Dieter’s Spoon
3. Infection- most dreadful; prolonged NGT prone
to aspiration pneumonia. NGT stays only for a
maximum of 2 weeks

OTHER METHODS OF FEEDING

1. Tube feeding
 Used in patients who are unable to chew or swallow

Nasogastric tube

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