ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITECNICA DEL LITORAL

SELECCIÓN DE MATERIALES - DEBER

Nombre: Jaime André Chan Samaniego Fecha: 17/5/18

Failure due to
fracture (mechanical
Failure due to fatigue. Failure due to creep.
loading and
toughness).
Ductile fracture: these
fractures are are
associated with Occurs under certain
overload of the structure It’s caused by repeated load at elevated
or large discontinuities cycling of the load. It’s temperature normally
Causes and ways of of the material. a progressive localized above 40 % of melting
failure. Brittle fracture: is damage due to temperature of the
characterized by rapid fluctuating stresses and material. Failures may
crack propagation with strains on the material. appear ductile or brittle
low energy release and manner due to creep.
without significant
plastic deformation.
Ductile fracture: ductile
metals.
Brittle fracture: brittle
Materials. metals, ceramics, Metals. Metals.
polymeric materials,
glass, concrete and
thermosetting plastics.
Crack initiation: It can
be shown that the local
In a creep test, a
stress range at the side
Griffit Crack Theory of crack nucleation can constant load is applied
and Fracture be related to the range to a tensile specimen
Toughness: the fracture of the stress intensity maintained at a constant
temperature. The
toughness is measured factor ∆𝐾𝑖.
by loading a sample 2 ∆𝐾𝑖 steady-state creep rate is
containing a ∆𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) ( ) often a high temperature
√𝜋 √𝑟 design parameter and
deliberately introduced Crack propagation: the
crack of length 2c, may be required to be
Ways of quantify the performance of the most
recording the tensile lower than a specified
failure. parts and structures
stress at which the crack value to ensure a
under fatigue loading is minimum life of a
propagates. more dependent on their component in service.
KIC= Yσ√𝜋𝑐 resistance to crack At given temperature,
The lower the value of propagation so, the the steady-state creep
KIC means the less tough crack propagation rate can be expressed as
the material is assumed duration can be a fuction of applied
to be. represented by: stress as follows:
𝑑𝑎
= 𝐶(∆𝐾𝐼 )𝑛 𝜀 = 𝐵𝜎 𝑚
𝑑𝑁