Example 1

Calculation of design transmission and ventilation heat loss of a living

room in a single family house. The building project will be built in

Budapest.

Ground-plan of the building:

15

Step 1

Determination of external design temperature

National standard: –13 °C

(Other source: ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals 2001 Ch. 27.36:

Heating Dry Bulb Temperature: –13.2 … – 10.2 °C)

Step 2

Definition of each space of the building. This is a heated space. Above

the heated space there is a loft, below there is a basement.

Step 3

Determination of dimensional characteristics thermal characteristics of

building elements

Element Surface, m2 U-value, W/m2,K

W1 Window 6.6 1.6

W2 Window 2.25 1.6

D1 Door 2.0 1.6

OW1 Wall 6.38 · 3.1 – 6.6 – 2.0 = 11.2 0.45

OW2 Wall 5.38 · 3.1 – 2.25 = 14.4 0.45

PD1 Partition door 2.0 3.0

PW1 Partition wall 6.21 · 3.1 – 2.0 = 17.25 3.75

PW2 Partition wall 5.21 · 3.1 = 16.15 3.75

Ceiling 5.38 · 6.38 = 34.3 0.3

Floor 5.38 · 6.38 = 34.3 0.5

16

Step 4

Determination of indoor design conditions in all heated and unheated

spaces

EN 12831 Annex A, Table A.2 Internal design temperature

Heated spaces

1 – Living room: 20 °C (Table A.2. Residential)

2 – Room: 20 °C

3 – Kitchen: 20 °C

Unheated spaces

Loft: –8 °C

Basement: +5 °C (closed space)

Step 5

Calculation of design transmission heat loss

No Element Area U-Value Tempr.Diff Heat flow

1 W1 6.6 1.6 20-(-13) =

= 33

348 W

2 D1 2.0 1.6 33 106 W

3 OW1 11.2 0.45 33 166 W

4 W2 2.25 1.6 33 119 W

5 OW2 14.4 0.45 33 214 W

6 Ceiling 34.3 0.3 20-(-8)=

=28

288 W

7 Floor 34.3 0.5 20-5=15 257 W

Total _T 1498 W

17

Step 6

Calculation of design ventilation heat loss

Infiltration air flow rate:

inf i 50 i i

V& = 2 _V _ n _ e _ _

Vi = 5 · 6 · 2.8 = 84 m3

n50 = 4 (medium air-tightness, other dwellings than single family

houses)

ei = 0.03 (heated spaces with more than one exposed opening)

_i = 1.0 (0 – 10 m)

V 2 84 4 0.03 1.0 20.16 m / h 3

inf = _ _ _ _ =

&

VttW

V i o 0.34 ( ) 0.34 20.16 (20 ( 13)) 226 inf

_=_&_−=__−−=

Step 7

Calculation of total design heat loss

__

_=_+__fTV()

f__ = 1.0 (EN 12831:2003 D.7.3, Internal design temperature: normal)

_ = _T + _V = 1498 W + 226 W = 1724 W

18

ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals 2005 Chapter 29, p. 29.11-

29.14

Summary of Heating Load Calculation Equations

Load Source Equation

Exterior surfaces above grade q = U·A·_t

Where _t = ti – to

Partitions to unconditioned buffer space q = U·A·_t

Where _t = tempr. difference across partition

Walls below grade q = Uavg.bw ·A·(tin – tgr)

Where Uavg.bw – below-grade wall average U-factor

tin – below-grade space air temperature

tgr – design ground surface temperature

Floors on grade q = Fp·p·_t

Where Fp – heat loss coefficient per foot of perimeter

p – perimeter of floor

Floors below grade q = Uavg.bf ·A·(tin – tgr)

Where Uavg.bf – below-grade floor average U-factor

Ventilation/infiltration qvi = Cs·Q·_t

Where Cs – air sensible heat factor

Q – air volume flow rate

Total sensible load qs = q