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KEY WORDS
Thyroid, herbal drugs, metabolism, synergistically, disorders
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Mainly thyroid gland is located across the trachea and metabolism of body get slow down. Common
its shape like a butterfly. Mostly it produce thyroxine symptoms are following below:
hormone that to regulate or control the metabolic Fatigue
activity of the body. In the case of too much level of Difficulty to concentrating because of
thyroxine metabolism, it causes weight loss , moodiness,
nervousness , irritability and temperature elevation. Brain fog
In other cases too litte level of thyroxine metabolism Excessive weight gain
slow down , it causes weight gain ,deepens the voice , Skin get dry ,coarse and itchy
water retention and mental development in Hair get dry , coarse and thin
children.[11][14] Some condition also alter like Feeling cold
menstrual flow , bowel function , hair growth and Constipation
skin growth. Comparison study of the signs and Cramps in muscles
symptoms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in
Increased flow of menstrual
table 1. “Goiter” term refer that to an enlarge thyroid
Blood pressure low
gland and it may cause visible swollen in neck and it
Exhaustion cause feeling run down and
can create problem to take normal breathing and
sluggish depression
swallowing.[10]
Swelling / puffiness in hands , feet ,area of
Thyroid hormones are regulated by hypothalamus,
eye and face
pituitary gland and thyroid axis. The hypothalamus
secretes thyrotrophic releasing hormones (TRH) in Miscarriage or infertility.[9][11]
tropic region that activate pituitary gland to secrete Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism
thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH). The main The term diagnosis is the art or act for identifying a
function of TSH to targets and elevate the production disorder or diseases from their sign and symptoms .
of thyroid hormones. The mechanism of thyroid mainly a health care professional like physician
hormones is increase metabolism and consumption of ,considers some factors when identify or determine
oxygen, calorigenic effects , stimulates central the cause and nature of hypothyroidism, following
nervous system and also involve in progression and such as:
development. The most important thyroid hormones Symptoms like (changes feel on you) , family
are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The most history , risk of factors and medical history.
common hormone act as biological power is T3 Physical examination
hormone.[12] Once thyroid released from gland into TSH test: taking blood sample determine most
the blood, the conversion of large amount of T4 into sensitive test TSH. And other tests such as
T3, which is responsible for the metabolism of cell in free T4 , free T4 index and total T4 are helpful
the body. The main function of thyroid hormone is to for diagnosis.[10]
regulate the body metabolism and affect the growth Hyperthyroidism
and other important activity in the body. [10] The aim Hyperthyroidism is also known as thyrotoxicosis. It
of this article is to discuss about thyroid disorder with means that hyperactivity of thyroid gland. The gland
sign and symptoms, diagnosis and herbs which is used is usually increases the release of thyroid hormone,
for treatment of thyroid disorders. Hyperthyroidism swollen the thyroid and the body process.
and hypothyroidism are discussed below with their Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
medicinal plant used for treatment. Hyperthyroidism as the results in increase levels of T4
Hypothyroidism and T3 in the systemic circulation. It causes
Hypothyroidism means the deficiency of thyroid metabolism of body get up. Common symptoms are
hormones or under active thyroid. It may also be following as:
caused by irregular secretion of TSH from the Irritation
pituitary gland and thyrotropin-release hormone from Increased perspiration from body
hypothalamus gland. Skin get thin
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism Hair get fine brittle
Hypothyroidism as a result it causes low levels of T4 Weakness in muscles of upper arms and
and T3 in the systemic circulation. When not sufficient thighs
T4 and T3 in the systemic circulation causes Shaking or Severing hands
Panic diseases
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Int J Pharm Biol Sci.
Table No.1: Shows the summarization of Symptoms of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism diseases
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
S.No Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
1.
2.
3.
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Int J Pharm Biol Sci.
4.
5.
6.
Fatigue Insomnia
7.
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hyperthyroidism. Some important plants used for to family of Boraginaceae. It also contain
treatment of thyroid disease are discussed below: rosmarinic acid The main function of herbs in
a) Bugleweed (Lycopus virginicus): Bugleweed is hyperthyroidism is blocking the binding of TSH to
used as thyrosuppressive agent that suppress the thyroid follicles ,it also inhibit transport of iodine
thyroid function are the one which are most to thyroid follicles , and as similar to bugleweeds
effective herbs for thyroid disease. The herbs is it also decrease the peripheral deionization of T4
belonging to family of Lamiaceae . it contain and also decrease the secretion of thyroid
hydrocinnamic acid derived such as lithospermic hormones.[7] [16][18]
acid , rosimarinic acid , chlorogenic acid and e) Rose marry (Rosmarinus officinalis)
caffeic. Bugleweed and its extract have many Rose marry is a herbs which is a member of
beneficial effects such as it have ability to inhibit Lamiaceae plant. It contains a large amount of
the binding of stimulating antibodies for Grave’s Rosmarinic acid which is used in treatment of
diseases to the thyroid diseases , blockage hyperthyroidism. Rosemary plant is similarly act
production of thyroid stimulating hormones as lemon balm , because in research it
(TSH) , decrease deionization of peripheral T4 investigated that rosmarinic acid act on the effect
and also inhibit metabolism of iodine [5][15-18]. of TSH on receptor site , also inhibit
b) Lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis): lemon balm is immunoglobin effects on Thyroid stimulating
the herb used as thyrosuppressive agent in hormone (TSH) receptor , and it also decrease the
treatment of hyperthyroidism. It is effective in peripheral conversion of T3. The rosmarinic acid
blockage of TSH binding to the receptor by act on may also beneficial in the treatment of Grave’s
the hormones and receptor itself. It also act on diseases.[6] [27]
inhibiting the cyclic AMP production to f) Sage (Salvia officinalis)
stimulating by TSH receptor as antibodies. It Sage herbs are also belonging from the member
contains large amount of rosimarinic acid. Mostly of Lamiaceae plants. it also contain rosmarinic
rosmarinic acid affects IgG antibodies. They have acid. Both rosemary and sage contains rosmarinic
ability to instead of creating a receptor response acid in a high percent. Similar it act on act on the
on thyroid gland, the response in immune system effect of TSH on receptor site , also inhibit
by reduce the loading of IgG , because of that IgG immunoglobin effects on Thyroid stimulating
antibodies cannot be direct act on thyroid gland. hormone (TSH) receptor , and it also decrease the
Because of this result we conclude that lemon peripheral conversion of T3. Because of that Sage
balm may also inhibit autoimmune activity in is also known as thyrosuppressive and sage herbs
immune system. From traditionally, lemon balm also have other activity such as antiviral,
are used to treatment of symptoms associated antioxidant, nervine and spasmolytic.[5],[9-
with hyperthyroidism such as insomnia, 10][27]
tachycardia and hyperactivity also.[6] g) Gotu Kola ( Centella asiatica )
c) Motherwort (Leonurus cardiac) Gotu Kola leaf is commonly beneficial for
In older studies, it studied that motherwort is treatment of hypothyroidism. It contain asiatic
herb which mostly used in the combination with acid, asiaticoside, brahmoside, , and brahmic
other herbs. Most commonly motherwort has an acid also called as madecassic acid. Morre
anti-inflammatory activity, because it contains sugguested that gotu kola has property to
qurecetin, as a flavonoids. stimulate T4 synthesis. It also used as nervous
For treatment of autoimmune diseases, it is system regulator to enhance the energy and
important to reduce inflammation or swelling, vitality. Because of that it enerzging effect of
because of that motherwort a good choice for this herbs it enhance or stimulate the synthesis of
treatment of hyperthyroidism. In this case, the T4. Mostly tincture of gotu leaf is used for
enzyme 5 deiodanse is inhibit, when the addition treatment of hypothyroidism.[6][7]
to reducing inflammation. From traditionally h) Ashwagandha ( Withania Somnifera )
motherwort uses include to treating symptoms of Ashwagandha is a saponin giycoside which
anxiety, palpitations and tachycardia. [6][23-24]. known as Indian ginseng or winter cherry, it is an
d) Gromwell ( Lithospermum ruderale ) adaptogen plant belonging to Solanaceae family.
Gromwell has basically shown similar activity as It also has antioxidant properties. It contains
bugleweeds. The gromwell herbs are belonging alkaloids, steroidal and saponin chemicals which
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Int J Pharm Biol Sci.
is essential for active in the hormonal pathways thyroid stimulating activity. Guggulsterone also
in system. These chemical constituents involve in increase synthesis of T3 by improving the
increase the production of T4 hormone with the conversion of T4 to T3 and hepatic lipid
help of conversion of T4 to T3. In 2011 study peroxidation and also increase levels of T3. When
Ashwagandha extract has abilility to improve levels of T3 increase it can reduce the LDL
thyroid activity and also enhance the cholesterol level in the patient who suffering
antiperoxidation activity in tissue.[5-6][25-26] from hypothyroidism. Weight loss can be
i) Guggul ( Commiphora mukul) stimulated. In India guggul is used as thyroid
Guggul extract contains oleo-resin from tree of stimulants from traditional Ayurvedic medicine.
Commiphora mukul . In Oleo-resin of guggul So its directly acting on thyroid gland to stimulant
contain Z- guggulsterone, which have strong thyroid hormones.[12-14][30-32]
Lithospermic
Acid
Hyperthyroidism
Chlorogenic
Acid
Lemon balm Rosmarinic acid Used As
(Melissa Thyrosupressive Agent
Officinalis)
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Gotu Kola
(Centella Madecassic acid
asiatica) Enhance Synthesis Of
T4
L-fucose
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Int J Pharm Biol Sci.
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Int J Pharm Biol Sci.
and Pharmaceutical Sciences ; Year-2013; Vol 5 (2); 27. Won J, Hur YG, Hur EM, et al. Rosmarinic acid inhibits
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*Corresponding Author:
Chanchal Deep Kaur *
Email: dr.chanchaldeep@gmail.com
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