On ideas

Properties (functions)
v COMPREHENSION
-  The sum total of thought elements/
conceptual features that comprise
an idea.
-  Also known as CONNOTATION
 Comprehension

computer
data  
electronic   device  
gathering  

Computer  –  electronic  data  gathering  device  

v NOTE!

The idea of COMPUTER is composed of

different elements:
electronic
data gathering
device
All these when put together comprise
a computer’s COMPREHENSION.

Observe that you can’t fully understand the idea

when one of its elements is missing.
Properties (functions)
v EXTENSION
-  The examples/applications to which
an idea may be applied
-  Also known as DENOTATION
Extension
computer
Macbook   Acer   HP  
Pro   Aspire     Mininote  
v NOTE!

Extensions are examples or

applications. They are usually Proper
Nouns (though not at all times).
 Properties (functions)
v LOGICAL RULE:
-  THERE IS A REVERSE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN COMPREHENSION AND
EXTENSION
-  Greater Comprehension : Lesser Extension
-  Lesser Comprehension : Greater Extension
Properties (functions)
COMPREHENSION EXTENSION
Being   Spirit,  Mineral,  Plant,  Brute,  
Man  
Corporeal  Being   Mineral,  Plant,  Brute,  Man  
Vegetative,  Corporeal  Being   Plant,  Brute,  Man  
Sentient,  Vegetative,   Brute,  Man  
Corporeal  Being  
Sentient,  Vegetative,   Man  
Corporeal,  Rational  Being  
v TAKE NOTE!
1.  Proper Nouns (Extensions) are more SPECIFIC.
They have GREATER COMPREHENSION.
Cellphone – Nokia C2-03
2. Classificatory Words (Genus) are GENERAL.
They have GREATER EXTENSION.
Animal - Vertebrate
3.  Proper Nouns are Extensions themselves. They
have the LEAST EXTENSION.
Man – Juan dela Cruz
4. Common Nouns with their corresponding types
have LESSER COMPREHENSION.
Dog – Beagle
- When you are more specific, you are looking for one
application. When you are generalizing, you may refer to a
wide number of examples.
Types: accdg. to Comprehension
Simple and Compound (STRUCTURE)

SIMPLE – expresses a single conceptual

feature, applicable to all if not most
BEING, EXISTENCE
COMPOUND – expresses several conceptual
elements/features
MAN – rational animal
COMPUTER – electronic processing device.
Types: accdg. to Comprehension

One and Multiple (GENERAL VIEW)

ONE – expresses one thing, nature or
formal feature
MAN, HOUSE
MULTIPLE – expresses explicitly a thing as
modified by another thing.
POOR MAN
THREE STOREY HOUSE
Types: accdg. to Comprehension
Concrete and Abstract (SUBJECT)

CONCRETE – with a subject

metaphysical– reality (hunger)
physical– physiological (itch)

ABSTRACT – expresses only a nature or a

formal feature without a subject.
justice, religiosity
Types: accdg. to Comprehension
Absolute and Relative (BY RELATION
TO ANOTHER COMPREHENSION)

ABSOLUTE – exists in itself and for itself

man, animal, minerals
RELATIVE – necessarily bears a relation
to something else.
substitute teacher,
vice-president
Types: accdg. to Extension
SINGULAR - applies to a single
member of a class

The President of the Republic of

the Philippines
Diamond – the hardest mineral
Types: accdg. to Extension
UNIVERSAL - applies individually to
all members of a class

Car (all applicable to SUV, Sedan)

Wine (all applicable to Merlot,
Chardonnay, Shiraz)
Types: accdg. to Extension
PARTICULAR - applies to some
members of a class

Half a dozen
Quarter of a century
Several ladies
Few devotees
Types: accdg. to Extension
COLLECTIVE - applies to a all
members of a class counted as one.

UST Philets Batch 1968

Thomasians
Christendom
Types: accdg. to Extension
TRANSCENDENTAL - applies to all
members of all classes

Being
Truth
Types: accdg. to Relation
IDENTICAL and EQUIVALENT
(refer to same objects)

Identical – same conceptual features

3 + 2 and 2 + 3
God = Absolute Being
Equivalent – different conceptual
features
5 X 1 and 4 + 1
Salt and NaCl
Types: accdg. to Relation
PERTINENT and IMPERTINENT
(refer to different but related objects)

Pertinent – somehow related to each other

Freedom and Responsibility
Food and Drinks
Impertinent – neither related nor opposed
to each other
Toothpaste and Rooster
Love and Clearwater
Types: accdg. to Relation
COMPATIBLE and INCOMPATIBLE

Compatible – with features that may exist

in a subject
Beauty and Intelligence
Faith and Reason
Incompatible – with features that may not
coexist in a subject
Square and Circle (in one figure)
Darkness and Light (in one space)
Types: accdg. to Relation
TYPES OF INCOMPATIBLE CONCEPTS:
v  Contradictory – negation
Black – Non-black
Open – Non-opened
v  Contrary – opposition
Black – White (extreme opposites)
Open - Closed
v  Privative – absence
Sight – Blindness (absence of sight)
v  Correlative – complementariness
Man - Woman
Types: accdg. to Relation
Rule for Contradictory ideas:

If one is TRUE, the other is FALSE

and vice-versa.

The shirt is black. (True)

The shirt is non-black. (False)
Types: accdg. to Relation
Rule for Contrary ideas:
If one is TRUE, the other is FALSE but
not vice-versa. (If one is FALSE, the
other is DOUBTFUL)

The shirt is black. (True)

The shirt is non-black. (False)

The shirt is black. (False)

The shirt is white. (Doubtful, it could be
red)
 D  
N  
E  
 STOP!!!
² Exchange and check A4. Submit the
checked papers to the Dean’s Office
after the class. Answers are found at
the bottom of A5.
² Study the new set of sample exercises
IN CLASS. And answer the graded
exercises (A5) AT HOME.
² Don’t forget to check the attendance. J