**Section

WTD DELETE

-Bleaching powder (oxidizing agent)

**Section
TTR YAD
-1dm3= 1000 cm3 1L =1000 ml L=d
m3 > dm3 ,> cm3
1 m3 = 1000 dm3
1 dm3 = 1000 cm3
1m3 = 1000 x 1000 cm

-Electron is Wave and particle nature both

-
Shielding effect attraction of electrons towards nucleus
and repulsion due to electrons of each other

Across period it remains same depend upon ionization

energy that acceleration

TTR YAD
PETROL = hexane heptane

WTD

● O
 ● O

TTR
● O
● O
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17
P18
P19
P20
Chap # 01 basic concepts in chemistry

WTD
-
TTR
-
-
TTR YAD
Monoatomic gases (exist independently)
Helium He
Neon Ne
Argon Ar
-
TTR YAD
Macromolecule
Haemoglobin
Starch
Cellolose
Diamond
Silica protein
Lipids
-
TTR YAD
No macromolecule
NACL
-
TTR YAD
Cation +ve
Formation = endothermic
Anion -ve
Formation = exothermic
-
TTR YAD
Cathode -ve reduction
Anode +ve Oxidation

-
TTR YAD
-

-
Combustion analysis determine emperical formula
-
-

() P1
Atomic number mass number : Basic concepts

WTD
● Atomic number mass number
https://www.google.com.pk/search?ei=eDNoWun_NcOxswG21Kr4CA&q=atomic+numb
er+and+mass+number++solved&oq=atomic+number+and+mass+number+mcqs+solved&gs
_l=mobile-gws-serp.12...6900.10183.0.11603.9.9.0.0.0.0.802.4046.3-
1j4j2j1.8.0....0...1c.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..1.7.3668...0i22i30k1j33i21k1j33i160k1.476._zWaSsTdSJ8
● O
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=atomic+number+and+mass+number+formula&so
urce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiD1d6MjPDYAhWhiKYKHfceBbQQ_AUIBigB&
biw=320&bih=452#imgrc=Dp-6eYFkb_JbcM%3A
● O
physical properties are defined by atomic number or atomic mass MCQs
https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=2t11WqGqK4ybsgGI-
ZSYDw&q=physical+properties+are+defined+by+atomic+number+or+atomic+mass+MCQs
&oq=physical+properties+are+defined+by+atomic+number+or+atomic+mass+MCQs&gs_l
=mobile-gws-serp.12...18127.40440.0.42966.24.20.1.1.1.0.2406.9731.3-1j6-
1j3j0j2.7.0....0...1.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..19.3.1428.3..35i39k1j0i67k1j33i22i29i30k1j33i160k1.116.-kA_tjgC6V8
● O
following are important MCQs come in the test
http://uentrytest.blogspot.com/2013/08/chapter-1-basic-concepts-mcqs-
with.html?m=1

TTR
● Use career ride instead of msqslearnm.com becoz of
no explanation
● O
 ● O
Moles=mass/molar mass. No of atoms = mole* Na

● O
Electron is wave and particle nature both
● O

() P1 A
Number of Moles number of molecules avagadro number
WTD
● O
● O

TTR
● O
Chap # 02 experimental techniques in chemistry

WTD
-
TTR
-

-
-

-
Chap # 03 Gases
WTD
-
TTR
-
-
-

-
TTR YAD
A gas become Ideal at high temperature low pressure
-
Chap # 04 liquids and solids
WTD
-
TTR
-
-
Dipole dipole forces are present in polar molecules
examples HCL chcl3
-
Nonpolar molecules polar molecules

-
Evaporation endothermic
Combustion exothermic
-
Boiling point

-
-

-
Allotropy the existence of two or more different physical
forms of a chemical element.
-
Allotropy same chemical different physical
-
NACL CUBIC
-

-
Isomorphic different physical and different chemical
properties
-
Chap # 05 atomic structure

WTD
-
TTR
-
-
X-ray alpha beta gamma
-

-
X-ray alpha beta gamma

-
The velocity of photon is independent of wavelength
-
X-ray alpha beta gamma

Increase in atomic number is observed in beta emission

not in Alpha emission or radioactivity
-
X-ray alpha beta gamma

Free neutron changes into Proton with the emission of

neutrino electron
not meson
-
X-ray alpha beta gamma

Rutherford bombarded alpha rays particles in discovery of

nucleus

-
X-ray alpha beta gamma

When electron collide with heavy metal then x ray are

produced

not beta Alpha Gamma

-
X-ray alpha beta gamma

Neutron can expel protons from paraffins

-
http://www.mcqlearn.com/grade9/chemistry/structure-
of-atoms.php?page=4
Study done

Water that contains H-2 atoms is called

heavy water
-
In Rutherford's experiment, α particles were deflected because of

electrostatic repulsion between α particles and positively charged

part of atom
-
Energy of an electron in orbit is proportional to

distance from nucleus

-
After 3s sub-shell begin to fill is

3p
-
When an electron jumps from lower orbit to higher orbit

light is absorbed
-

-
Chap # 06 chemical bonding

-
TTR YAD
Among fluorine chlorine chlorine has more electron affinity

-
The number of molecular orbitals form is same as the
number of atomic orbitals overlapped
-
Dipole moment is a vector quantity product of electric
charge and displacement

unit is coulomb metre

- electric charge columb q c is vector

- current ampere I is scalar

current age charge per unit time

I = Q/T

-
-
Valence electrons are still attached to an atom. They are
the outermost electrons that determine chemical
properties, and may be part of chemical bonds.

Free electrons free to move conduct electricity

Think about EXAMPLE of metal sheet conducting

electricity no chemical reaction just conduction
-
TTR YAD
physical properties of element are defined by covalent
ionic bond mcqs

Not confirmed
Covalent bond
-

Chap 07 thermochemistry
-
-
State function macroscopic

-
-

-
Internal energy enthalpy

-
-

Chap # 08 chemical equilibrium

-
-

-
-
-
Washing soda NA2CO3 soda ash
Baking soda. NAHCO3
Caustic soda NAOH
OXIDIZING reducing
WTD DELETE search

-
Chap # 09 solutions
-
-
Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more kinds of
different molecule or ionic substances
-

-
-
Chap # 10 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
-

-
-

-
At constant temperature, when pressure is decreased
average kinetic energy of gas molecules

remains unchanged
-
. At constant pressure average kinetic energy of gas
molecules increases 2 times if

temperature is increased by 2
-
Movement of molecules from higher concentration to
lower concentration is called

diffusion
-
Melting and freezing of a substance occurs as

same temperature
-
. If liquid is heated to increase kinetic energy then liquid
will

evaporate slowly
evaporate faster
will not evaporate
boil
Answer B
-
Solids whose atoms arrange themselves in different forms
are

isotopes
crystals
allotropes
amorphous
Answer C
-
Process in which vapor molecules are recaptured by
molecules at liquid surface is called

evaporation
sublimation
condensation
boiling
Answer C

MCQ. 1 atmospheric pressure is equal to

100.345 Pa
760 kPa
101.325 kPa
1.01325 mmHg
Answer C
-
As molecular mass of gasses increases their density

increases
-

Chap # 11 REACTION KINETICS

-
-

-
chap #12 periodic classification of elements
-
http://www.mcqlearn.com/grade10/chemistry/the-
atmosphere.php?page=2
Study done
WTD DELETE topic periodic table is done

Physical properties depends on the

size of atom
size of proton
size of neutron
no. of electrons
Answer A
-
Group A elements are called

metals
alkali metals
representative elements
transition elements
Answer C

Across period atomic size decreases due to

increase in nuclear force of attraction

-
CH # intro to organic chemistry
CH # organic chemistry

1- (ttr) catenation formation of bond with itself carbon,

Reforming * straight chain into branched chain
* o/c # e 157
2- (WTD) cage molecules , non polar organic solvents
3- (WTD) hybridization
4- (WTD) isomerism of chloropropane
5-(ttr) hybridization gives bond and shape
6- (WTD) SHAPE of hybridization

() P5A
Organic chemistry

WTD
● O
● O

TTR
● O
Studied intro to organic chemistry with rehmat in store 21
Feb 2018
 ● O
,
Collection
Carboxylic acid RCOOH
Easter RCOOR
Ether ROR’
Aldehydes RCOH
Ketones RCOR’
Acetone (CH3)2 CO
-

Tty
Chapter # aliphatic hydrocarbons

1- (TTR YAD)
● Hydrocarbons = double bond = alkenes
● Hydrocarbons = triple bond = alkynes
● Alkane = CnH(2n + 2) = single bond between carbon
carbon atom
● Order of reactivity in halogens( F2>CL2>BR2>I2)
● Octane number = n heptane= 0 ! Isooctane = 100
● Dehydrohalogenation of an alkyl
halide gives and alkene not alkane
●
Methane sp3 = tetra = 109
Ethene sp2 = tri = 120
Ethyne sp 180°

2- (WTD)

● 3 chloro aniline
● Electrophile aromatic nitrotataion

-
What is given by incomplete combustion of methane?

Carbonmonoxide, carbon and water

-
What is produced by complete combustion of an alkane?
Carbondioxide, water and heat
-
Reaction in which one chlorine atom becomes attached
with one carbon and other one with other carbon atom is
called

Elimination reaction
Substitution reaction
Halogenation
Addition reaction
Answer D
-
-

The general equation for an addition reaction:

A+B → C
The general equation for an elimination reaction:
A → B+C
The general equation for a substitution reaction:
AB+CD → AD+BC
-
Hydration
Combine with water and oh attached to final product
-
Hydrogenation hydrohalo are addition reaction
-
TTR YAD
What is term used for process in which there is addition of
nascent hydrogen?

Reduction

-
TTR YAD
Reaction of halogens (Group-VII) and alkane (saturated
hydrocarbons) in presence of sunlight is an example of

substitution
-
TTR YAD
Which of following is true about alkanes?
They are insoluble in water
-
TTR YAD
Physical and chemical properties of elements are affected
by

atomic number
-
TTR YAD
The properties of an element in the periodic table depends
on its, ________.

electronic configuration
-
TTR YAD
A liquid non-metal is ___________.

bromine
-
Which of the following factors does not affect the metallic
character of an element?

1. Atomic size
2. Ionisation potential
3. Electronegativity
4. Atomic radius
Answer: 3
-
A factor that affects the ionisation potential of an element
is __________.

1. atomic size
2. electron affinity
3. electro-negativity
4. neutrons
Answer: 1
-
TTR YAD
As we move across period from left to right, reactivity of
metals with oxygen

decreases
increases
remains same
zero
Answer A

Think about example of nao and relatives

-
TTR YAD

Ch # aromatic hydrocarbons

1- (WTD)
● Properties of benzene structure and how to form
Benzene
● Isobutane
● benzyl chloride

2- (TTR YAD)
● Aromatic Hydrocarbons include Benzene
● SO3 forms sulphonation of benzene
● Most reactive compound for electrophilic nitration is
benzyl chloride

Ch # alkyl halides

1- (WTD)
● Halogens
● Grignard reagent
● resonance stabilization of alkyl halides
● alkyl halides and aryl halides
 ●

2- (TTR)
● By

Ch# alcohol Finol ether

1- (WTD)
● Reimer tiemann reaction
● Induction inversion insertion inhibition

2- (TTR)
● Ethanol containing some methanol is called
methylated spirit
● Mild oxidation of glycerol with H2SO4 FESO4 gives
glycerose
● Hydrolytic conversion of sucrose into glucose and
Fructose is known as inversion

Ch# aldehydes and ketones

1- (WTD)
● Condensation reactions
● Tollens reagent
 ●
●
2- (TTR)
● Hydrogen cyanide adds to aldehyde and ketones to
form cyanodrins
TTR YAD
● Grignard reagents added to aldehydes and ketones to
form alcohol
Formaldehyde HCOH primary alcohol
Acid aldehydes RCOH secondary alcohol
Ketones RCOR’ territory alcohol
● Condensation reactions the reaction in which two
molecules of the same or different compound
combine to form a new compound with or without
the elimination of a small molecule like H2O or NH3
are called condensation reactions.
● Aldehyde (RCOH) are reduced to primary alcohols
where ketones (RCOR) to secondary alcohols
● Catalytic reduction : aldehydes and ketones on
reduction with hydrogen forms primary alcohols and
secondary alcohols
● Strong oxidizing agents are K2 cr2 O7, H2S o4, km no
4
KOH, NAOH

● oxidation of ketones : ketones oxidation not easy

because of strong carbon carbon Bond only oxidised
by strong oxidizing agents
● Formaldehyde(simplest form of aldehyde HCOH) is
used for Silvering of mirrors.
● Propane on hydrolysis gives acetone
 ● Formaldehyde is gas on room temperature
-
Methanal se methanol

Ch# macromolecules

1- (WTD)
● Synthetics
● macromolecules definition
● types of polymers video
● Why polymers are chemically inert natural rubber
● carbohydrates
● Fatty acids
● Sucrose and lactose Fructose glucose and galactose
● Glycogen
● cellulose
● Lipids polar and nonpolar solvents
● What does mean by hydrolysis
● What does mean by vitamin A B C D in chemistry
● What does mean by R N A in chemistry what are its
elements
● Enzymes
●

2- (TTR)
● polymer is a macromolecule having one structural
unit called Monomer
● Polymers consist of molecules identical in kind but
not identical in size
● reaction of making a polymer from A monomer is
called polymerization
● reaction between carboxylic acid (RCOOH) and
alcohol creates Easter (RCOOR) and their monomers
creates polyester polymerization of carboxylic acid
and amine creates polyamides
 ● Natural rubber contains monomers of isoprene
● Cellulose is a polymer of glucose
● Fatty acids are Carboxylic acids they also have alkene
groups
● phenyl reacts with glucose to give crystalline offers
on
● Digestion of food is called emulsification
● Every enzymes is protein every protein is not
enzymes
●
●

Ch# common chemical industries in Pakistan

1- (WTD)

● fertilizers their types and formula

● Classification of fertilizers
● cement and paper manufacturing
● What does mean by synthetic product
●
●
●
2- (TTR)

● Fertilizers are used in soil

● micronutrients requires less quantity include zinc
magnesium chlorine macronutrients requires large
quantity include nitrogen Phosphorus potassium
calcium magnesium sulfate carbon hydrogen and
oxygen
● Urea is a high-quality nitrogenous fertilizers urea is
widely used as a fertilizer in Pakistan contains more a
nitrogen than sodium nitrate potassium nitrate and
ammonium nitrate
Ammonia has largest of nitrogen
 82%
● Detergents are synthetic products
-synthetic fertilizer artificial more good

Chapter#17 compound with oxygen containing functional

group

T2 ALCOHOL ALKANOL
-
-oxidation of alcohol produce aldehyde mathanal produce
formaldehyde
-alchohol with carboxylic acid produce Easter called
Easterfiction reverse is hydrolysis

T1 METHANOL
-methyle alcohol =methanol wood spirit
-
-ethanol gives acetaldehyde on oxidation and ethyleacetate
on Easterfication
-ethanol on reaction with sodium produce sodium eat
upside which can be used as a nucleophile
-ethanol on removing of water is converted into ethene

-ethanol on reaction with halogen create a alkylehalide

-oxidation/dehydrogenation of alcohol gives Alkanal

methanol gives matenal ethanol gives ethanal

-dehydrogenation of alcohol gives Aldehyde

Reduction of aldehyde produce alcohol
Oxidation of aldehyde produce carboxylic acid

-ketone first member= acetone

Reduction of acetone= secondary alcohol
oxidation of acetone =acetic acid

-oxidation of secondary alcohol gives ketones

Oxidation of 2 propanol gives propanone
Oxidation of 2 butanol gives butanone

-carboxylic acid
mono basic weak acid

Chapter#18

**Carbohydrates

-polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketones

**Sphonification
-when fat and oil reacts with any naoh Koh forms soap
called Sphonification

Chapter#19

**Fertilizer
-nitrades NO3 -1
-Ammonium NH4 +1
-Sulphate SO4 -2
-phosphate PO4 -2
-Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3
-
Ammonia NH3 82%

() P2
barbituric acid
WTD
● O
https://www.google.com/search?q=barbituric+acid&prm
d=inv&source=lnms&tbm=vid&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidy6XX
ofDYAhWHiywKHXOHD48Q_AUICygD&biw=320&bih=452
&dpr=1.5
● O

TTR
● O

() P3

Boric acid

WTD
 ● O
Boric acid MCQs search

TTR
● O
● O
()
Sulphuric acid
https://www.google.com/search?ei=16HiWpirEsTR0ASLo5mwBg&q=sulphuric+acid+mcqs&oq=&gs_l=mobile-gws-
serp.1.1.35i39l3.0.0..4766...2....0.0...........1..mobile-gws-wiz-serp.....3.hQOwbGZhjVg%3D

Hydrochloric acid

() P4
Metal Conductors

WTD
● O
https://engineering-mcq.blogspot.com/2017/10/metals-
are-good-heat-conductors-because.html?m=1

http://www.examveda.com/metals-are-good-
conductors-of-electricity-because-4899/
● O
Difference between metal non metal and metalloid
● O
WTD DELETE SEARCH metal conduct electricity due to
TTR
● O
() P5
Ch # Carboxylic acids

1- (WTD)
● Acetic acid
● amino acids
● Saponification alkalization
● Benzoic acid toulene
● sodium benzoate
● soda lime
● formic acid reactions of glycerol
● Oxidation or reduction oxidizing agent reducing
agent and oxidation and reduction of water H2O
● O
found that thing complete the whole article and related
videos
https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=Y
K1oWvDBOYmzswGsiY2oAQ&q=carboxylic+acid+reduction
&oq=carboxylic+acid+re&gs_l=mobile-gws-
serp.1.3.35i39k1j0i67k1j0l3.62897.63213.0.65484.8.5.0.0.0.0.9
88.2905.5-3j1.4.0....0...1c.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..7.1.626....2037.Q6yFMtx-mns
● O
carboxylic acid reduction mcqs
Study completed revise not needed
http://www.geekmcq.com/chemistry/carboxylic-acids/
● Naming of primary alcohol 2nd alcohol
●
Related article regarding to reduction of Carboxylic acid
with Lithium aluminium hydride

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-
guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry-ii/carboxylic-acids-
and-their-derivatives/reduction-of-carboxylic-acids

TTR YAD
(Carboxylic acids, acid halides, esters, and amides are
easily reduced by strong reducing agents, such as lithium
aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4). The carboxylic acids, acid
halides, and esters are reduced to alcohols, while the
amide derivative is reduced to an amine.)
● O
Reduction of Carboxylic acids video
https://youtu.be/zR4OaoiNkA0
See also for oxidation
https://youtu.be/_KwqYGuhE2E

p10

2- (TTR YAD)

● Carboxylic acids have an alcohol alcohol or aromatic

 group they are weak acid aliphatic cardboard I like
acids are known as fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis
of fats and oil
● Carboxylic acids have a high boiling point due to
hydrogen bonding
● Amino acids contain both amino and carboxyl group
● Smell in a public area is due to NH3 and CO2
● Reaction of acids with alcohol is called Easterfication
● heating sodium benzoate and soda lime gives
Benzene
● formic acid is a reducing agent
() P6
Polarity of molecules
Polar different
Non polar same
WTD
● O
Why hydrogen bonding is stronger

https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-
polar-molecules.html
Polar and nonpolar molecules concept quiz WTD DELETE
SEARCH
https://www.sophia.org/concepts/polar-and-non-polar-
molecules

TTR
● O
● O
() P7
Oxidation and Reduction

WTD
● O

Oxidation

(Oxidation
article)https://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/redox/d
efinitions.html

Oxidation mcqs good study done revise

http://www.mcqslearn.com/o-
level/chemistry/oxidation-reduction-gain-loss-
oxygen.php

Oxidation number MCQs good study done revise

http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-
level/chemistry/oxidation-numbers.php

Oxidation number MCQs good study done

revise://www.mcqlearn.com/chemistry/g9/oxidation-
states-mcqs.php
Ek bar dejh le
Useless
https://www.clutchprep.com/chemistry/practice-
problems/8875/match-the-following-i-oxygen-ii-
chlorine-iii-neon-iv-calcium-v-iodine-a-ca-s-160

Keep doing this https://quizlet.com/74657127/multiple-

choice-questions-new-periodic-trends-need-periodic-
table-flash-cards/
● O
● O
Mcqs
http://www.jojo.pk/quiz/chemistry9/chemistryclass9cha
pter7/
http://www.mcqslearn.com/o-level/chemistry/redox-
reactions-reduction-oxidation.php
● O
Quiz
https://quizlet.com/62375482/chemistry-101-quiz-2-
flash-cards/

TTR
● O
● O
TTR YAD
Element which retains same oxidation number state in all
of its compounds?
(a)Be (b)N (c)Br (d)S. BE

Nitrogen is commonly known in the -3, +1, +2, +3, +4 and +5

states.
Bromine is known as -1, +1, +3, +5 and +7.
Sulfur is commonly known in -2, 0, +4, +5 and +6.
Oxidation trend
 ● O
Oxidation short above
● O
TTR YAD
Oxidizing agents are mostly non-metals
● O
While Potassium Iodide (KI) is a powerful reducing agent,
iodide ion is oxidized to iodine

() P8
Periodic table trend
Periodic trend

WTD
● O
Bad
Study done
https://www.google.com/search?q=ionization+energy&pr
md=ivbn&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjEt
ryjofLYAhUS2aQKHWr6DocQ_AUIESgB&biw=360&bih=56
0

Study done ://www.mcqslearn.com/chemistry/higher-

ionization-energies.php

Periodic table trend MCQs

 ● O

Study done://www.thoughtco.com/periodic-table-
trends-quiz-4048377

Study done
://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=298&ei=S15pW
vqcKIjOkwWj7KGYDg&q=periodic+table+Trends+MCQs&oq
=periodic+table+Trends+MCQs&gs_l=mobile-gws-
serp.12..33i160k1.5239.7598.0.8180.10.9.2.1.1.0.541.2518.1j4-
4j1.6.0....0...1c.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..2.8.2249.3..0j35i39k1j0i67k1j0i20i263k1.231.0JBAE-
sf68E

Continue from page 2

http://www.geekmcq.com/chemistry/periodic-
classification-of-elements-and-periodicity/

://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=periodic-table-trends-quiz_1
http://educationhints.blogspot.com/2013/09/mcqs-
chapter-1-periodic-classification.html?m=1
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/perio
dic-table

● O

TTR
● O
TTR YAD
 ● O
TTR YAD
Boiling point increase down to the group
Melting point trend WTD DELETE
-
TTR YAD
-oxidising power decrease down the group
● O
TTR YAD
Nuclear charge is The total charge of all protons in the
nucleus
● O
TTR YAD
All of the elements in a period have the same number of
atomic orbitals.
Period telles no.of shells
● O
TTR YAD
According to the law of conservation of energy, in theory, a
bouncy ball should never stop bouncing. However, we
know that it eventually stops. Where does the energy go.
Some gets converted into sound energy and escapes into
the surroundings.
Some gets converted into thermal energy and escapes into
the surroundings.
Both A and B

● O
TTR YAD
Thermal energy is...Kinetic.
Heat is K.E + P.E (Total K.E)
● O
TTR YAD
The exception is the noble gases, which have a stable octet
and nearly no electronegativity
● O
TTR YAD
An atom with a strong effective nuclear charge will have:
high electron affinity
● O
TTR YAD
always increases on going from top to bottom in a
group?Metallic character
● O
TTR YAD
Among halogens the highest boiling point is of
A. Flrorine B. Chlorine
C. Bromine D. Iodine

Answer: Option D
Boiling point increase down to the group
● O
TTR YAD
Which statement is incorrect?
A. All the metals are good conductor of electricity.
B. All the metals are good conductor of heat
C. All the metals form positive ions
D. All the metals form acidic oxides
Answer: Option D
-
Basic oxide metal
Acidic oxide non metal
Amphoteric oxide oxygen with less electropositive metals
aluminium zinc Al2O3 zno
-

● O tt2
() P8A
Electropositivity
WTD
● O
Electropositivity MCQs
https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=560&q=el
ectropositivity+mcqs&oq=electropositivity+mcqs&aqs=mob
ile-gws-lite..

TTR
● O
Electropositivity is the measure of the ability of elements
(mainly metals) to donate electrons to form positive ions.
The elements that can easily accept electrons to form
negative ions are called electronegative elements, for
example: non-metals.
 ● O

() P8B
electronegativity

WTD
● electronegativity quiz
http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/chemistry/polarity
_electronegativity/quiz941.html

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=mtmynzq0nwsgal

http://www.mhhe.com/cgi-
bin/netquiz_get.pl?qfooter=/usr/web/home/mhhe/phy
ssci/chemistry/animation_quizzes/test1_55fq.htm&afoot
er=/usr/web/home/mhhe/physsci/chemistry/animatio
n_quizzes/test1_55fa.htm&test=/usr/web/home/mhhe/
physsci/chemistry/animation_quizzes/test1_55q.txt&ans
wers=/usr/web/home/mhhe/physsci/chemistry/animat
ion_quizzes/test1_55a.txt&email=1

https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=O
dN1WvGgPJLWsAGNoarYCA&q=electronegativity+mcqs&o
q=electronegativity+mcqs&gs_l=mobile-gws-
serp.3..0.1967.3778.0.4669.9.9.0.0.0.0.397.2590.2-
2j6.8.0....0...1.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..4.5.1653...35i39k1j0i67k1j0i22i30k1.278.ZgbOFraVDws

TTR
● O
a chemical property that describes the tendency of an
atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.
 reactivity

atomics. Atomic radius

radius
() P8C
electron affinity

WTD
● O
electron affinity MCQs
https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=rt
h1Wvf6GIaYsgHz8KOABA&q=electron+affinity+quiz&oq=ele
ctron+affinity+quiz&gs_l=mobile-gws-
serp.3..0j0i20i263k1j0i22i30k1l3.66251.68743.0.69487.6.6.0.0
.0.0.783.2487.3-2j0j2j1.5.0....0...1.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..1.5.2486...35i39k1j0i67k1.354.dn30mbVmHhU

https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=bt
l1WqPkFsS3swGk4L_4DQ&q=electron+affinity+mcqs&oq=e
lectron+affinity+mcqs&gs_l=mobile-gws-
serp.3..0.709.9854.0.10202.23.17.6.0.0.0.417.5081.1j0j1j12j2.16.
0....0...1.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..4.18.4029...35i39k1j0i67k1j0i13k1j30i10k1j0i22i30k1j33i16
0k1.507.h385WvVm6hg

TTR
● O
electron affinity
(Amount of energy required to add an electron)

amount of energy released (when an element accept an

electron and get a negative charge) or spent when an
electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in the
gaseous state to form a negative ion.
() P8D1
Ionization energy

WTD
● O
Ionization energy mcqs
Study Done
https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&q=io
nization+energy+mcqs&oq=ionization+energy+mcqs&aqs=
mobile-gws-lite..0l1
● O
core electron
● O
Concept is clear study more for more clarification
https://www.sophia.org/concepts/ionization-energy
https://www.sophia.org/concepts/periodic-trends-
ionization-energy
● O
Concept of 1st ionization energy and 2nd ionization energy
difference MCQs
● O
Take this lecture at least once and search for the second
ionization energy how to find that
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/perio
dic-table/periodic-table-trends-bonding/v/ionization-
energy-trends
● O
Comparing first second ionization energy
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/72576/
comparing-first-second-and-third-ionization-energies-
between-atoms
● O
First and second ionization energy
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/perio
dic-table/periodic-table-trends-bonding/v/first-and-
second-ionization-energy
● O
Ionization energy mcqs
http://www.adichemistry.com/jee/qb/periodic-
table/1/q1.html

TTR
● O
Ionization energy the amount of energy required to
remove a single electron from a single atom or molecule:
expressed as an electron volt.
● O
ionization energy The energy needed to lose an electron
from a gaseous atom.
TTR YAD
● Most electronegative element FLOUREN F
● Most electropositive element CESUIM Cs
● Most biggest element Cs
● Most smallest element Helium He
helium is the smallest element, and francium is the largest
Cesium is the most electropositive of the stable
elements.Francium, while unstable, is theoretically the
most electropositive element.
-
Hydrogen in lightest
● O
TTR YAD
Which of the following list of elements is in descending
order of ionization energy
Mg, Ca, Na, K
● O
TTR YAD
Magnitude of ionization energy depends upon
number of positive charges
shielding effect increases
spin pair repulsion
All of Above
Answer D

● O
TTR YAD
Nuclear charge increases in periodic table across periods
● O
TTR YAD
Periodic table have 110 no of elements 92 natural 18
synthetic
● O
TTR YAD
Force of attraction between nucleus and electrons
increases across periods because
nuclear charge increases
distance remains constant
shielding effect constant
All of Above
Answer D
● O
TTR YAD
The energy required to remove the second outer most
electron from a gaseous atom is called Second ionization
energy

● O
TTR YAD
The orbital diagram of sodium is shown below.
What will happen if energy equivalent to the 1st ionization
energy is applied to the gaseous sodium atom?

Na2311
At no 11 At mass 23
No of protons 11
No of neutrons 12
No of electrons 11 ( for neutral element )
When 1 e- loss gets positive means
No of electrons 10

An electron will be removed from its 3s orbital to form a

positive ion.
● O
TTR YAD
Which of these factors does not affect the ionization
energy of an element?
Number of valence electrons
Atomic radius
Atomic mass
Effective nuclear charge

Answer atomic mass

-
Ionization energy depends upon radius charge not mass
● O
Ionization energy mcqs
IE MCQS
● O
● O
 ● O
https://socratic.org/questions/which-element-has-a-
higher-3rd-ionization-energy-al-or-mg-why
Magnesium is more close to the nucleus that for the third
ionization energy of magnesium is greater than that of
aluminium
● O
● O
 ● O

Add ionization energy mcqs to this section

first ionization energy trend
 ● O
Adichemisrty.com
 ● O
Atomic size decrease from left to right therefore beryllium
radius is smaller than Boron 2 to 13

Second ionization energy mcqs

() P8D2
IONIZATION ENERGY part 2

WTD
● O
● O
Do the mcqs after completion of below WTD DELETE
search
(Write all WTD DELETE search till April test and ask from
sir)
25 March
http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-
level/chemistry/ionization-energy.php

http://www.mcqslearn.com/chemistry/higher-
ionization-energies.php

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=ionization-energy-quiz

TTR
● O
● O

() P8E
Transition elements

Notes start
() ()
Transition elements
1- (WTD) BELL metal
2- (WTD) why cr 24 has largest radius among Mn Fe Co
Cr is most electropositive element it loses electron nucleus
has small force of attraction due to it has largest radius

3- (WTD) Transition elements MEANS???

any of the set of metallic elements occupying a central
block (Groups IVB–VIII, IB, and IIB, or 4–12) in the periodic
table, e.g. iron, manganese, chromium, and copper.
Chemically they show variable valency and a strong
tendency to form coordination compounds, and many of
their compounds are coloured.

Transition element

Any of the metallic elements within Groups 3 through 12 in

the Periodic Table that have an incomplete inner electron
shell and that serve as transitional links between the most
and the least electropositive in a series of elements. They
are characterized by multiple valences, colored
compounds, and the ability to form stable complex ions.
Also called transition metal
() ()
Notes End

WTD
● O
● O

TTR
● O
● O
mcqslearn.com
21 MARCH
http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-
level/chemistry/mcq/transition-elements.php?page=4
Elements of D-block are good conductors of

heat
electricity
pressure
both A and B
Answer C

TTR YAD Oxide state of transition elements can be

changed by treating it with a suitable

reactant
catalyst
reagent ANSWER
all of them

TTR YAD Each transition element have more than one

ion
oxidation state
nucleus
both A and B Answer

TTR YAD Transition elements are

cobalt Answer
zinc
scandium
all of them
 ● O

() P9
Nitrogen

WTD
● O
Nitrogen The nitride ion in lithium nitride is composed of
how many protons and electrons??

(See videos from this link)://socratic.org/questions/the-

nitride-ion-in-sodium-nitride-is-composed-of-how-
many-electrons-and-protons

(Has that MCQs of sodium and h 3 PO 3

)http://www.gneet.com/c14/n4/34.php

TTR
● O
https://socratic.org/questions/the-nitride-ion-in-
lithium-nitride-is-composed-of-how-many-protons-and-
electrons-1
Li3N has 7 protons and 10 electrons.
Answer:
Nitride anion is N3−
Explanation:
And thus lithium nitride is formulated as Li3N
For nitrogen, Z=7, and there are clearly 7
protons, 7 massive, positively charged nuclear
particles. To deliver the charge, there MUST be
10 electronic charges, i.e. 10 electrons. And the
ion takes THREE lithium counterions to balance
the charge,
● O
https://socratic.org/questions/the-nitride-ion-in-
sodium-nitride-is-composed-of-how-many-electrons-
and-protons
The nitride ion,
N3− has 7 protons and 10 electrons.
Explanation:
The formula of the nitride ion, N3−, indicates
that a nitrogen atom has gained 3 additional
electrons.
Nitrogen has atomic number 7, which means its
atoms have 7 protons in their nuclei. In a
neutral nitrogen atom, there would also be 7
electrons. But since the nitride ion has a 3−
charge, it has gained an additional 3 electrons.
The nitride ion has 7 protons and 10 electrons.
● O
() P9 A
Nitrogen

WTD
● O
maximum number of nitrogen molecules mcqs
https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=uLt1Wq1
uhLOxAf_Sp_AN&q=number+of+nitrogen+mcqs&oq=&gs_l
=mobile-gws-
hp.1.1.35i39k1l3.0.0.0.3815.2.1.1.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1..64.mobil
e-gws-hp..1.1.34.3...412.2zAC0T1dtN8
● O

TTR
● O
● O

() P10

WTD
● O

Has mcqs but search for reasons

http://www.gcestudybuddy.com/chemistry-
classroom/bonding-and-structure

TTR
● O
● O
TTR YAD Substance that does not have macromolecular
structure is sodium chloride

() P11

WTD
● O
http://www.mcqslearn.com/o-
level/chemistry/mcq/elements-compounds-mixtures-
test.php

http://www.mcqlearn.com/chemistry/g9/elements-
compounds-and-mixtures-mcqs.php

TTR
● O
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is
called solution
 ● O
In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture
composed of two or more substances
● O
A solution is by definition, a mixture of two or more
compounds or elements. There is no individual unit ( atom
or molecule ). A compound is a chemically unique
combination of two or more elements which are bonded to
each other by chemical bonds.

Physics and chemistry. A heterogeneous mixture is a

mixture of two or more chemical substances (elements or
compounds). Examples are: mixtures of sand and water or
sand and iron filings, a conglomerate rock, water and oil, a
portion salad, trail mix, and concrete (not cement).

Heterogeneous suspension homogeneous solution

Mixture. In chemistry, a mixture is a material made up of

two or more different substances which are mixed but are
not combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical
combination of two or more substances in which the
identities are retained and are mixed in the form of
solutions, suspensions, and colloids
a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or
more substances

In chemistry, a radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has

an unpaired valence electron.
() P12
Halogens chapter
Halogen chapter

WTD
● O
http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-
level/chemistry/halogens-and-compounds-mcq.php
 ● O
Good MCQs regarding to halogens but not so much
important review when free
21 March
http://www.geekmcq.com/chemistry/halogens-and-the-
noble-gases/2
● O
Good MCQs regarding to halogens but not so much
important review when free

https://gotest.pk/entry-test/medical/mdcat-chemistry-
the-halogens-and-noble-gases-mcqs-online-preparation-
16/
● O

TTR
● O
● O
TTR YAD

● O
Halogen trend
● O
TTR YAD
Oxidatizing power
F>cl>br>I
Reducing power
HI> HBR >HCL> (HF)
Vander waals force
F>cl>br>I ulta
Disscioaatuin enegy
F>cl>br>I ulta
Acidic strength
HF> HI> HBR > HCL
Make table WTD DELETE
- Iodine = highest = boiling point trend
- Flourine = reactivity = highest
HI =reactivity highest
- Flourine = oxidizing power = highest
-

() P13
Substitution reaction

WTD
 ● O
functional group
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-
chemistry/bond-line-structures-alkanes-
cycloalkanes/functional-groups/v/functional-groups-
first

https://youtu.be/nMTQKBn2Iss

https://youtu.be/P3N3_5-A4jg

● O
functional group mcqs with answers
https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=p
W50WqPAKaTHgAanlpH4Bw&q=functional+group+mcqs+w
ith+answers&oq=functional+group+mcqs&gs_l=mobile-
gws-
serp.1.0.33i160k1.237140.258729.0.262193.24.15.9.2.2.0.430.51
32.0j1j0j9j4.14.0....0...1.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..1.23.5173...0j0i67k1j35i39k1j0i22i30k1j0i8i13i30k1.562.y
WhDZCXytUo
● O
Substitution reaction
https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=a4
l0Wp6YDeeBgAb847aYDg&q=Substitution+reaction&oq=Su
bstitution+reaction&gs_l=mobile-gws-
serp.12..35i39k1l3.8800.8800.0.9577.4.4.1.1.1.0.0.0..0.0....0...1.
2.64.mobile-gws-
serp..2.2.79.3...30.Sv51jp2H22w#scso=uid_d4l0WqrWEceXg
AbBv4bADw_2:0

https://youtu.be/MvWQOYLm1f4

https://youtu.be/XAWWf86TJ0c
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-
chemistry/aromatic-compounds/nucleophilic-aromatic-
substitution/v/nucleophilic-aromatic-substitution-i
● O
substitution reaction mcqs with answers
https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=m
Ip0WtueCYrJgAaRtKiQCA&q=substitution+reaction+mcqs+
with+answers&oq=Substitution+reaction+mcqs+with&gs_l
=mobile-gws-
serp.1.0.33i160k1l2.1255.4268.0.5595.9.8.0.0.0.0.1238.3360.4-
1j1j0j2.4.0....0...1.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
serp..6.3.2121...35i39k1j0i22i30k1.0.a0Tb4wMEvGE

http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-
level/chemistry/nucleophilic-substitution-reactions-
mcq.php

TTR

● O
Substitution reaction is a chemical reaction during which
one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced
by another functional group. Substitution reactions are of
prime importance in organic chemistry.

● O
In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups
of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible
for the characteristic chemical reactions of those
molecules.
() P14
Boiling point

WTD
 ● O
Boiling point
https://youtu.be/FKLuF94iaTI

https://youtu.be/AFARWpoaSJA
● O

Boiling point mcqs

https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=n6B2Wuf
EKMXPwQLxurTwCw&q=boiling+Point+mcqs&oq=boiling+
Point+mcqs&gs_l=mobile-gws-
hp.3..0l5.1330.6679.0.8528.23.21.2.3.3.0.396.4122.2-
6j7.13.0....0...1.1j4.64.mobile-gws-
hp..7.16.3549.3..35i39k1j0i131k1j0i10k1.116._FqGVUe3Z0o
● O
to raise boiling point of water mcqs
Not found
https://www.google.com.pk/search?source=hp&ei=PD6p
Wq24JMa8UbH5t-
AB&q=to+raise+boiling+point+of+water+mcqs&oq=to+raise
+boiling+point+of+water+mcqs&gs_l=mobile-gws-
hp.3..33i160.3360.34300..34683...12....700.17237.3-
2j20j12j1..........1j5..mobile-gws-wiz-
hp.....3..0j35i39j0i67j0i131i67j0i131j0i22i30j0i22i10i30j0i7i30j3
3i22i29i30j33i21.pg9ROGK3Pao%3D
● O

TTR
● O
● O

() P14A
Water

WTD
● O
● O

TTR
● O
● O

() P15
photochemical :photochemical smog

WTD
● O
photochemical MCQs
http://www.mcqslearn.com/o-level/biology/pollution-
smog-as-a-cause-test.php

http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-
level/chemistry/mcq/reaction-kinetics.php
● O
photochemical smog
See video only
https://study.com/academy/lesson/photochemical-
smog-definition-formation-effects.html
● O
photochemical smog MCQs
http://www.geekmcq.com/forestry/fPollution/11
More related to Carbon
monoxidehttp://class.atmos.ucla.edu/AS2/exams/smog.
htm

https://www.google.com/amp/s/m.jagranjosh.com/gene
ral-knowledge/amp/gk-questions-and-answers-on-air-
pollution-smog-1487671558-1

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/LeharSharma/chemi
stry-class11th-ch16-environmental-chemistry-mcqs

-
TTR
● O
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with
the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to
describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of
ultraviolet, visible light or infrared radiation.
● O
 ● O
photochemical smog
haze in the atmosphere accompanied by high levels of
ozone and nitrogen oxides, caused by the action of sunlight
on pollutants.
Photochemical smog is a type of smog produced when
ultraviolet light from the sun reacts with nitrogen oxides in
the atmosphere. It is visible as a brown haze, and is most
prominent during the morning and afternoon, especially in
densely populated, warm cities.
● O
● O
-
NO+O3 =NO2 + O2
Nitric oxide
nitrogen oxide
● O
Ch# Environmental Chemistry
1- (WTD)
● Atmosphere
● hydrosphere
● Lithosphere
● Smog
● Recycling of newspaper
● Recycling of plastics
● Cracking of polyethylene
● polyethylene.
● Why carbon dioxide is not considered as a pollutant
normally in chemistry
● Minamata disease
● What is a cyclone collector what is its purpose
● Sulphur Dioxide its reactions properties effects
● Lead how it's a pollutant in automobile
● Carbon monoxide and haemoglobin.
● Acid rain
●
●
2- (TTR)
 ● Atmosphere Layer of gas surrounding the earth is
called atmosphere consist of 78% nitrogen 21%
oxygen .9 percent argon 0.02 percent co2 press
amounts of h2 o3 ch4 he ne xe
● Smog is a combination of smoke and fog
● Ozone o3 is a gas having low boiling point
● Nitrogen oxides and chlorofluorocarbons most
dangerous deplete ozone layer
● Carbon dioxide is not a pollutant normally chemically
● Minamata disease is due to the position of Industrial
waste it contains mercury related to fishing
● Cyclone collector is used for minimising air pollution
● Sulphur Dioxide effects on membrane system
● Nervous system of human is affected by lead pollutant
of automobile
● Carbon monoxide is a pollutant because it is
combined with haemoglobin
● Acid rains are produced by Access no2 so2
●

() P15
Lucas' reagent

WTD
● O
https://youtu.be/_0tNtgBF51o
https://youtu.be/h38Dq7WeJG4
https://youtu.be/azQQVZxgk_4
● O
Lucas' reagent mcqs
http://www.questionpapers.net.in/chemistry/alcohols-
phenols-and-ethers-4.html

Substitute substitution
Hydroxyl group
Hydride

TTR
● O
Lucas' reagent is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in
concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is used to
classify alcohols of low molecular weight. The reaction is a
substitution in which the chloride replaces a hydroxyl
group.
Primary alcohol
Secondary alcohol
1° 1st 2° 2nd

Order of reaction mcqs

WTD DELETE search
-
Phenol

() P15A
Grignards reagent

WTD
● O
Grignards reagent

https://study.com/academy/lesson/grignard-reagent-
formation-synthesis-preparation.html

https://youtu.be/jrG44tiPICQ

● O
Grignards reagent mcqs
https://www.google.com.pk/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei
=9lepWvm8IsTkUZ6EnagC&q=grignard+reagent+mcqs&oq
=grignard+reagent+mcqs&gs_l=mobile-gws-
serp.3..0i22i30.19015.20546..21065...0....398.1164.3-
3..........1..mobile-gws-wiz-
serp.......35i39j33i21j33i160.WGHkZvjO%2FEs%3D
https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-
grignard-reaction-with-solutions.html
● O
when grignard reagents react with ketone it produce mcqs
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/carbonyls/
grignard.html

https://www.google.com.pk/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei
=jFOpWt2nHML1UO2BrJgB&q=when+grignard+reagents+re
act+with+ketone+it+produce+mcqs&oq=when+grignard+re
agents+react+with+ketone+it+produce+mcqs&gs_l=mobile
-gws-serp.3..33i160l2.50153.52978..53409...2....826.3024.4-
2j1j2..........1..mobile-gws-wiz-
serp.......0i71j33i21.9y%2BnqK%2Bo4oo%3D
● O

● O
halogenoalkanes (haloalkanes or alkyl halides
● O
https://study.com/academy/lesson/grignard-reagent-
formation-synthesis-preparation.html
https://youtu.be/MJFlcanELy4
https://youtu.be/VzGdRUqAhug
https://youtu.be/W7TYbDpYmI0
https://youtu.be/Or13CXK-laQ
● O

TTR
● O
Grignard reagents are made from halogenoalkanes
(haloalkanes or alkyl halides), and introduces some of their
reactions. A Grignard reagent has a formula RMgX where X
is a halogen, and R is an alkyl or aryl (based on a benzene
ring) group.

● O
TTR YAD reagent
a substance or mixture for use in chemical analysis or
other reactions

TTR YAD A reagent is a substance or compound added to a

system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a
reaction occurs.

() P16B
Alcohol
WTD
● O
● O
TTR
● O
● O
Order of reaction for primary secondary and territory
alcohol
Primary>secondary>territory
According to stability
Territory>secondary>primary
● O

() P17
HCL

WTD
● O
Everything about HCL PPT
https://www.google.com.pk/amp/slideplayer.com/amp/
4218663/
● O
Revise
http://www.mcqlearn.com/chemistry/g10/chemistry-
salts-mcqs.php
● O

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TTR YAD Oxidation of hydrogen halides (HF, HCl, HBr, HI)
halogens
becomes easier down group ggh
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TTR YAD dynamite =glycerol
Oil of vitriol is = sulphuric acid
Bleaching action of chlorine is by=decomposition
Which metal is heaviest = osmium
Most heaviest element metal
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TTR YAD gun powder is the mixture of potassium nitrate
powdered charcoal and sulphur.
Nail polish remover contains = acetone

() P18
atmospheric oxygen when reacts with nitrogen mcqs

WTD
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Has pages
()2http://www.mcqlearn.com/grade6/science/air-and-
atmosphere.php?page=2
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Greenhouse
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monoatomic molecules
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Has pages
http://www.mcqslearn.com/chemistry/mcq/gases.php
● 0
See
videohttps://study.com/academy/lesson/nitrogenase-
structure-role-in-nitrogen-fixation-activity.html
See
videohttps://study.com/academy/lesson/ammonificatio
n-definition-nitrogen-cycle.html

TTR
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TTR YAD greenhouse gas that absorbs energy and
maintains earth's temperature is carbon dioxide
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TTR YAD Main constituent in air is nitrogen
By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95%
oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide,
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TTR YAD Example of gas having monoatomic molecules is
neon and argon

() P18A
Noble gas
Inert gas

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WTD DELETE SEARCH Vander waals force mcqs
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Vander waals force

-
-
Boiling point

-
Physical properties depend upon number of electrons
number of protons number of neutrons but mostly its
atomic size
-
() P19
Precipitation
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() P20
Electrochemistry electrochemical

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Mcqs
http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-level/chemistry/cells-
and-batteries-mcq.php
http://www.mcqslearn.com/o-level/environmental-
management/water-solar-and-wind-power-sources-
mcqs.php
http://www.mcqlearn.com/grade7/science/electrical-
circuits.php?page=5

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() P21

Thermochemistry

WTD
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No explanation
http://www.geekmcq.com/chemistry/thermochemistry/
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Good one has explanation
http://www.adichemistry.com/jee/qb/thermodynamics/
1/q1.html
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Has explanation
http://global.oup.com/uk/orc/pharmacy/ifp_pharmace
utics/student/mcqs/ch05/
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No explanation answers in the end
https://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mcquest/ch15.ht
ml
TTR
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() P22
Energy shell

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ask from sir WTD DELETE
Why octet is needed
Is sodium Na stable on +ve charge of 1
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http://www.mcqslearn.com/chemistry/bohrs-model.php
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http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-level/chemistry/sub-
shells-and-atomic-orbitals.php

http://www.mcqslearn.com/electronics/advance-
electromagnetic-theory/mcq/electrical-properties-of-
matter.php?page=7

http://www.mcqslearn.com/a-level/chemistry/sub-
shells-and-atomic-orbitals.php

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What happens when electrons move from a high to lower
energy level?
The electrons in an atom exist in various energy levels.
When an electron moves from a lower energy level to a
higher energy level, energy is absorbed by the atom. When
an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy level,
energy is released (often as light).
 ● O
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●

() P23
chemical bonding

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() P24
Electrolytic solution
Electrolyte

WTD
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First
Electrolytic solution chapter
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/oxida
tion-reduction/electrolytic-cell/v/introduction-to-
electrolysis

Other
https://youtu.be/zN6yRa9W0vM

https://youtu.be/xau_WNC4gdU

https://youtu.be/sZ8Z54E4WXI

https://youtu.be/LAgHUzs4Ut4

https://youtu.be/7uIIq_Ofzgw

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which one of the following will make electrolyte solution
when added with water n2 cacl2
WTD DELETE search on Nat copy

Not found
Cacl2 by Sir
TTR
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() P25
Radioactivity
radioactive decay
Radiation

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First doit 2 April
Radioactivity chapter
https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/ch-101-
radioactivity?cid=embedtutorial

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Types of decay
https://youtu.be/3koOwozY4oc

Alpha beta gamma decay

https://youtu.be/4FuvyIDM_eQ

Alpha beta gamma by tutor Vista

https://youtu.be/VTHQYjkCqV0

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TTR YAD radioactive decay and unstable nucleus emits x
ray Gamma ray infrared Ray
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-
-ggh

-
__________ decay occurs when the nucleus of an atom
emits particles or energy
-

-
why nucleus of an atom emits a gamma ray

-
-

() P26
Nuclear chemistry
Nucleus

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Nuclear decay
https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/ch-102-rates-of-
nuclear-decay
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Nuclear chemistry chapter
Intro
https://youtu.be/lUhJL7o6_cA
Part 1
https://youtu.be/KWAsz59F8gA
Part 2
https://youtu.be/FU6y1XIADdg

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() P27
Amphoteric
Amphotericin
Acid basic oxide

WTD
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Amphoteric chapter
https://study.com/academy/lesson/amphoteric-
definition-properties-examples.html
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Acid-Base Behavior of Oxides
https://blausen.com/en/video/acid-base-behavior-of-
oxides/
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Tricks to remember amphoteric oxide
https://youtu.be/LazDviyG2Ss
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TTR YAD Which of the following is amphoteric?
A. Na3PO4
B. HSO4-
C. KOH
D. HNO3
E. C2O4 2-
Answer B
It can lose or gain hydrogen
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Commented [1]: 1-
Salt and water
2-
Salt and water
3-
Al2O3
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Amphoteric oxide are insoluble in water h s o4
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Organic compound insoluble in water

() P27
Electrophilic

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https://study.com/academy/lesson/electrophile-
definition-examples.html

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Electrophile vs. Nucleophile (an overview)

Electrophile: (literally electron lovers), Electron deficient,
affinity towards electron, Lewis acid
 -Most of them are positively charged, have an atom that
carries a partial positive charged or an atom with an
incomplete octet.-participates in a chemical reaction by
accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a
nucleophile

-They may be:

1.Cations like H+, NO+
2.Polarized neutral molecules like HCl, alkyl halides, acyl
halides and carbonyl compounds
3.Polarizable neutral molecules like Cl2, Br2
4.Oxidizing agents like organic per acids
5.Chemical species that do not satisfy the octet rule like
carbenes and radicals
Some Lewis acids like BH3

Nucleophile: (literally nucleus lovers), Electron rich, affinity

towards nuclei, Lewis bases
-donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a
chemical bond in a reaction.
-All molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons or at
least one pi bond can act as a nucleophile
-They may be:
1. ions such as Cl- or molecule like NH3
2. Carbon nucleophiles: alkyl metal halides (as in Grignard
reaction and anion of a terminal alkyne) and Enols (as in
condensation reactions like in aldol condensation).
3. Oxygen nucleophiles: water (H2O), hydroxide anion,
alcohols, alkoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and
carboxylate anions.
4. Sulphur nucleophiles: Hydrogen sulphide and its salts
like thiols.
5. Nitrogen nucleophiles: ammonia, amines and nitrites.

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TTR YAD
Mcqs

Primary amine in which nitrogen is attached to only one

alkyl group is

ethylamine
diethyl amine
monoamine
amide
Answer A

MCQ. Nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place when

Halogenoalkanes is added with aqueous solution of

sodium chloride
sodium mangnate
sodium hydroxide
sodium chlorate
Answer C

MCQ. If a halogen is heated with ammonia dissolved in

ethanol, it ill form an

ammonia
amine
ammonium
amino acid
Answer b

MCQ. Ion which is more effective nucleophile than water is

negatively charged hydroxide

carbocation
anion
hydroxyl ion
Answer a

MCQ. Reaction involving breakdown of water molecule is

known as

heterolytic
hydrolysis
homolytic
all of them
Answer b

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Nucleophiles and Electrophiles
by JAMES

in ALKYL HALIDES, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1, ORGANIC

REACTIONS, UNDERSTANDING ELECTRON FLOW,
WHERE ELECTRONS ARE
All through the series on understanding where electrons
are, and how they flow, we’ve been talking about how the
basis of chemistry is that opposite charges attract and like
charges repel, and that in reactions, electrons flow from
“electron rich” areas to “electron poor” areas.

Today, we’ll officially give a name to the types of species

that are considered “electron rich“ and “electron poor”.

They’re called nucleophiles and electrophiles.

Let’s start with “nucleophiles” (from “nucleus loving”, or

“positive-charge loving”). A nucleophile is a reactant that
provides a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Sound familiar? It should! This is the exact definition of a

Lewis base. In other words, nucleophiles are Lewis bases.

When the nucleophile donates a pair of electrons to a

proton, it’s called a Brønsted base, or simply, “base”.

Here are some examples of Lewis bases you’re probably

familiar with. As you can see, nucleophiles all have pairs of
electrons to donate, and tend to be rich in electrons.
[Moving ahead, there are actually three classes of
nucleophiles you’ll meet in organic chemistry, but let’s
focus on the simple examples for now.]

Now let’s talk about electrophilicity (from “electron-

loving”, or “negative-charge loving”). An electrophile is a
species that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new
covalent bond.

Again, this should sound familiar: this is the definition of a

Lewis acid!

An electrophile that accepts an electron pair at hydrogen is

called a Brønsted acid, or just “acid”.

Here are some examples of Lewis acids you’re familiar with.

Two more things:

We can vaguely define “nucleophilicity” as “the extent to

which a species can donate a pair of electrons”. [There’s
actually a more precise definition we’ll discuss in the next
post, but this will do for now.]

Similarly, the extent to which a species can accept a lone

pair of electrons is called “electrophilicity”.

Example:

Let’s look at an example we’re familiar with: hydroxide ion.

When hydroxide ion donates a pair of electrons to an

electrophilic atom (such as carbon here) to form a new
covalent bond, it is acting as a nucleophile.
And as we’ve seen before, when hydroxide ion donates a
pair of electrons to an (acidic) proton to form a new
covalent bond, we say it’s acting as a “base”.

So species can be both nucleophiles and bases? Yes!!! In

fact, the “basicity” we’ve been talking about is just a subset
of “nucleophilicity” – the special case where the
electrophile is a proton!

As well, species can be both electrophiles and acids. And

“acidity” is just a subset of “electrophilicity”.

Let’s go even further here: the vast majority of the

reactions you’ll see (>95%) – will be reactions where a
nucleophile donates a pair of electrons to an electrophile.
Nucleophile attacks electrophile. There are very few
exceptions!

This is why understanding where electrons are, and how

electrons flow is so important – because the electron
richness (or poorness) of an atom (or molecule) determines
its nucleophilicity or electrophilicity, which in turn
determines its reactivity.

It’s not an exaggeration to say that nucleophilicity and

electrophilicity are the fundamental basis of chemical
reactivity. They are truly the yin and the yang of chemistry.

Electrophilic acid accept

()P29
Other

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1 bar = 10^5 Pascal

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TTR YAD
TTR YAD
Nobles gases are not affected by reducing oxidizing agents

() P30
TTR YAD
Process and product
-Haber posch process =Ammonia NH3

_Down’s process = phenol produce

-The process of aluminum extraction is called hall process

Haber process , spdf , interstitial compound, WD delete

-
() P31
TTR YAD
Different compound with there info

-H2so4 = OXIDIZING AGENTS = DEHYDRATING AGENT by

greater affinity towards water

-AL2O3 = AMPHOTERIC OXIDE= DEHYDRATING AGENT

-H3PO4 =DEHYDRATING AGENT

-sugar C12H22O11
-glucose C6H12O6

-Hno3 OXIDIZING AGENTS

ANEES HUSSAIN
Lec#01

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Atomic number
Mass number
Atomic radius radii
Isotopes
Moles
Molar mass
Avagadro number
Formula mass
Gram formula mass
Orbital
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Element :
Element has identical atoms

Isotope : same atomic number (number of protons) atomic

mass ( different number of neutrons)
HYDROGEN has 3 isotopes
CARBON
MAGNESIUM
-
TTR YAD
Isotope same chemical property different physical
property
-
Mass number determines the physical properties as well as
molecular attraction between molecules such as atomic
size
-
Isotope isobar isotone

ATOMIC NUMBER : number of protons

ATOMIC MASS : it's the average mass of natural mixture of

isotope with respect to Carbon-12
Periodic table have average masses with respect to carbon-
12
●
Average atomic mass of an element = {(mass of 1st isotope *
% occurrence of that isotope) + (mass of 2nd isotope * %
occurrence of that isotope)} ÷ 100
●
% occurrence of hydrogen = 99% ordinary H other are 1%

MASS NUMBER
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https://www.google.com/search?biw=360&bih=311&ei=x4OzWuLUCcOE6QS6n7jgCA&q=lead+storage+battery+MCQs&oq=lead+storage+battery+M
CQs&gs_l=mobile-gws-serp.3...16256.21108..21745...3....432.2199.2-1j3j2..........1..mobile-gws-wiz-serp.......0j0i71j0i67j0i22i30j33i160.rfykSTXDYLQ%3D

TTR YAD
- Polar =soluble =saturated=fats
-Non polar =non soluble =unsaturated =oil

Chap # other
Ggh
-

-
Mass of electron

-
Free radical
Unpaired electrons
Electrically neutral
-
An ionic compound is electrically

neutral
-
in the reaction iso 2h2s = 3s + 2h2o which is Oxidized h2s so2 s h2o

2H₂S + SO₂ → 3S + 2H₂O

In the above reaction Sulphur (S) is oxidized and Oxygen
(O) is reduced.

here....the oxidising agent is SO2 and reducing agent is H2S.....

-
Number of proton different isobar atomic number different same mass
number
-